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Şahin S. Comparison of machine learning algorithms for predicting diesel/biodiesel/iso-pentanol blend engine performance and emissions. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21365. [PMID: 37954295 PMCID: PMC10637970 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, machine learning techniques, namely artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), were used to comprehensively evaluate engine performance and exhaust emissions for different fuel blends. To obtain valuable insights on optimizing engine performance and emissions for alternative fuel blends and thus contribute to the advancement of knowledge in this field, we focused on iso-pentanol ratios while maintaining the biodiesel ratios constant. The maximum brake thermal efficiency (BTE) values for the diesel (30.13 %), D85B10P5 (29.92 %), D80B10P10 (29.89 %), and D70B10P20 (29.79 %) blends were achieved at 1600 rpm. At 1600 rpm, the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) values for the diesel, D85B10P5, D80B10P10, and D70B10P20 blends were 189.93, 200.93, 202.93, and 203.95 g kWh-1, respectively. In engine performance prediction, the ANN model exhibited superior performance, yielding regression coefficient (R2), root mean square error, and mean absolute error values of 0.984, 0.411 %, and 0.112 %, respectively, in BTE prediction, and 0.958 %, 6.9 %, and 2.95 %, respectively, in BSFC prediction. In exhaust gas temperature prediction, the SVM model exhibited the best performance, yielding an R2 value of 0.981. Although all models successfully predicted NOx emissions, the ANN model exhibited the best performance, achieving an R2 value of 0.959. In CO2 and hydrocarbon estimation, the XGBoost model exhibited the best performance, yielding R2 values of 0.956 and 0.973, respectively. Therefore, the ANN model can be used to accurately predict engine performance, and the XGBoost model can be used to accurately predict emission parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Şahin
- Selçuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, 42140, Konya, Turkey
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2
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Balli O, Caliskan H. Environmental impact assessments of different auxiliary power units used for commercial aircraft by using global warming potential approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:87334-87346. [PMID: 35804227 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, environmental impact analysis is applied to the various auxiliary power units (APUs) used for commercial aircraft in air transportation sector. The exhaust emissions of different auxiliary power units used in commercial aircraft are investigated. The emission index (EI), global warming potential (GWP) rate, global warming potential index (GWPI), environmental impact (EnI) rate, environmental impact index (EnII), environmental damage cost (EDC) rate, and environmental damage cost index (EDCI) of the exhaust emissions of APUs are computed. The GTCP36-300 model APU has the lowest total emission rate (TER) with 1.333 kg/h, the GTC85-129 model APU has the maximum total environmental index (TEI) by 24.719 g/kg-fuel, the GTCP36-300 model APU has the best total global warming potential value with 2709.176 kg/h CO2_eqv, the TSCP700 model APU has the worst global warming potential index rate as 52.481 kg/kWh CO2_eqv, the best total environmental damage cost rate is calculated to be 3.717 €/h for GTC85-72 model APU, the TSCP700 model APU has the highest environmental damage cost index with 0.130 €/kWh, the maximum total environmental impact is computed to be 5656.378 mPts/h for GTCP660 model APU, and the best total environmental impact index is determined for the GTC85-72 model APU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Balli
- 1st Air Maintenance Factory Directorship, General Directorate of Military Factories, Ministry of National Defense, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Caliskan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
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3
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Duarte N, Arango D, Polanco G, Valencia G, Duarte-Forero J. Experimental evaluation of low-displacement compression ignited engines operating with hydroxy gas as a supplementary gaseous fuel. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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4
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Assessing the impact of water use in conventional and organic carrot production in Poland. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3522. [PMID: 35241731 PMCID: PMC8894483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As global water resources are decreasing and the demand for it is constantly increasing, the problem of proper water management is becoming more pressing. Poland is one of the largest producers of vegetables in Europe, including carrots, with significant exports. However its freshwater resources are relatively small. The paper presents the results of research on the water footprint (WF) life cycle assessment (LCA) in conventional and organic carrot production. The methodology of calculating WF was used in accordance with PN-EN ISO 14046. It was found, e.g., that WF for organic production of carrot (WF = 1.9 m3 ha−1) is over five times lower, as compared to conventional production (WF = 10.4 m3 ha−1). In the case of conventional production, the fertilization process (67.0–67.7%) has the greatest impact on the shaping of WF in the individual impact categories, i.e. Human Health, Ecosystem Quality and resources. In organic production, the WF-shaping factor is carrot harvesting (41.9–43.1%). The research can be used to develop pro-ecological carrot production technologies, as well as to shape sustainable development plans in agricultural areas. It can also be used to outline policy directions regarding foreign trade in water-consuming agricultural products.
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NOx–Smoke Trade-off Characteristics in a Palm Oil-Fueled CRDI Diesel Engine under Various Injection Pressures and EGR Rates. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Palm oil is one of the most common and productive vegetable oils, so it is often used as an excellent feedstock for biodiesel production. However, due to the high viscosity and other issues of palm oil, it cannot be directly used as an alternative fuel for diesel engines unless some treatment is carried out. In this study, the effects of palm oil-diesel blend fuel on the nitrogen oxides (NOx)–smoke trade-off characteristics were investigated in a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine under various injection pressures and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates. It was found that NOx and smoke from the combustion of fuel containing 50% palm oil (P50D50) were simultaneously suppressed by 3% and 3.1% compared with diesel fuel at an injection pressure of 400 bar, respectively. The performance of P50D50 was comparable to that of diesel, but at high injection pressure and high EGR rate, it showed shorter ignition delay (ID) and lower smoke emission.
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Ashok B, Kannan C, Usman KM, Vignesh R, Deepak C, Ramesh R, Narendhra TMV, Kavitha C. Transition to Electric Mobility in India: Barriers Exploration and Pathways to Powertrain Shift through MCDM Approach. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS (INDIA): SERIES C 2022; 103:1251-1277. [PMCID: PMC9294828 DOI: 10.1007/s40032-022-00852-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The ever-increasing environmental concern necessitates the implementation of electric vehicles (EVs) in the public fleet in a larger proportion. While developed countries have accomplished this objective through unique ways, developing and underdeveloped countries are still lagging. Deficiencies in technological readiness and supportive infrastructure are major concerns for them. To support their future endeavours in the field of electric vehicles, a review article that encompasses the present status, barriers for EVs adoption and operation in developing countries proves highly critical. A critical analysis of EV adoption barrier information is used to develop appropriate technology to tackle these barriers and provide necessary plans for policymakers to effectively implement electric vehicles. Furthermore, this article comprehensively analyses barriers to EV implementation and adopts the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) model to rank the evaluation criteria based on expert opinions. From the results for developing countries such as India, the model placed battery-operated electric vehicles at 5th position on the hierarchy ranking. This is because the existing infrastructure and technology will not currently support the imminent shift to electric mobility. The identification of a possible alternative propulsion system that bridges the gap between necessity and feasibility is essential. For this purpose, the article also explores the prospects and critically analyses hybrid electric vehicles as an intermediary propulsion system that smoothens the transition to EV. The outcomes of the literature review, expert opinions and author findings suggest that hybrid technology uses powertrain components that are chiefly similar to those found in conventional vehicles, yielding vehicle manufacturers with a smoother changeover to Electric Vehicle technology, which may otherwise lead to an immense failure in technology transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Ashok
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632014 India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - C. Kannan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632014 India
| | | | - R. Vignesh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632014 India
| | - Chirag Deepak
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632014 India
| | - Rathan Ramesh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632014 India
| | - Tharun M. V. Narendhra
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632014 India
| | - C. Kavitha
- Sreenivasa Institute of Technology and Management Studies, Chittoor, India
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7
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Fasanya OO, Gbadamasi S, Osigbesan AA, Ahmed OU, Isa AR, Ozogu AN, Hayatudeen A, Yusuf AI, Gano ZS. Effect of Hydrothermal Treatment on the Properties of Calcium Oxide from Eggshells Used as a Biodiesel Catalyst. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Opeoluwa O. Fasanya
- National Research Institute for Chemical Technology Industrial and Environmental Pollution Department Zaria Nigeria
| | - Sharafadeen Gbadamasi
- National Research Institute for Chemical Technology Petrochemical and Allied Department Zaria Nigeria
| | - Aishat A. Osigbesan
- National Research Institute for Chemical Technology Petrochemical and Allied Department Zaria Nigeria
| | - Omar Umar Ahmed
- Bayero University Department of Chemical Engineering Kano Nigeria
| | - Abdulazeez R. Isa
- National Research Institute for Chemical Technology Pilot Plant and Fabrication Department Zaria Nigeria
| | - Agbe N. Ozogu
- National Research Institute for Chemical Technology Petrochemical and Allied Department Zaria Nigeria
| | - Aminu Hayatudeen
- National Research Institute for Chemical Technology Petrochemical and Allied Department Zaria Nigeria
| | - Abubakar I. Yusuf
- National Research Institute for Chemical Technology Petrochemical and Allied Department Zaria Nigeria
| | - Zaharaddeen Sani Gano
- National Research Institute for Chemical Technology Petrochemical and Allied Department Zaria Nigeria
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8
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Property Determination, FA Composition and NMR Characterization of Palm Oil, Used Palm Oil and Their Methyl Esters. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for a cost-effective, environmentally friendly and sustainable feedstock for biodiesel production has attracted attention among researchers. After frying, palm oil may become thermally degraded and unsuitable for consumption. In the current effort, neat palm oil (NPO), waste palm oil earlier utilized for frying fish and chips (WPOFC) and waste palm oil previously utilized to fry sausage and chips (WPOSC) were transesterified into waste palm oil methyl ester, namely, WPOMEFC and WPOMESC, respectively. The PO, WPOs and their ester derivatives were subjected to physicochemical properties, fatty acid (FA) compositions and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The thermal degradation, transesterification process and the foods the palm oil was used to fry affected the density, kinematic viscosity, acid value, pH, iodine value and FA profile of the samples. The outcome of the characterization reveals that the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of NPO, WPOFC and WPOSC show clear similarity, but NPO exhibits different intensities from that of the WPO samples. The absence of the peaks between δ 4.6 ppm and 5.0 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum signifies the complete transformation of triglycerides in the WPO samples into biodiesel. The 13C NMR spectrum indicates the presence of ester carbonyl carbon (C=O) in WPOMEFC and WPOMESC, peculiar to ester, at a chemical shift ranging from 174.8 ppm to 174.9 ppm.
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9
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Zuo R, Zhao X, Yang J, Pan M, Xue Z, Gao X, Wang J, Teng Y. Analysis of the LNAPL Migration Process in the Vadose Zone under Two Different Media Conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111073. [PMID: 34769594 PMCID: PMC8582731 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the processes of free infiltration, precipitation displacement, and natural attenuation of the LNAPL under the condition of near-surface leakage. Sandbox experiments were performed to explore the migration characteristics of LNAPL in the vadose zone with two media structures and the influences of the soil interface on the migration of LNAPL. The results indicate that the vertical migration velocity of the LNAPL infiltration front in medium and coarse sand was 1 order of magnitude higher than that in fine sand and that the LNAPL accumulated at the coarse–fine interface, which acted as the capillary barrier. Displacement of precipitation for LNAPL had little relationship with rainfall intensity and was obviously affected by medium particle size, where coarse sand (40.78%) > medium sand (20.5%) > fine sand (10%). The natural attenuation rate of the LNAPL in the vadose zone was related to the water content of the media; the natural attenuation rate of fine sand was higher. This study simulated the process of the LNAPL leakage from the near surface into the layered heterogeneous stratum, improved the understanding of the migration of the LNAPL under different stratum conditions, and can provide support for the treatment of LNAPL leakage events in the actual site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zuo
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (R.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.P.); (Z.X.); (X.G.); (J.W.); (Y.T.)
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (R.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.P.); (Z.X.); (X.G.); (J.W.); (Y.T.)
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (R.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.P.); (Z.X.); (X.G.); (J.W.); (Y.T.)
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Minghao Pan
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (R.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.P.); (Z.X.); (X.G.); (J.W.); (Y.T.)
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhenkun Xue
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (R.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.P.); (Z.X.); (X.G.); (J.W.); (Y.T.)
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (R.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.P.); (Z.X.); (X.G.); (J.W.); (Y.T.)
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jinsheng Wang
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (R.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.P.); (Z.X.); (X.G.); (J.W.); (Y.T.)
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanguo Teng
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (R.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.P.); (Z.X.); (X.G.); (J.W.); (Y.T.)
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
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Zaki EG, Mohmed D, Hussein MF, El-Zayat MM, Soliman FS, Aman D. Assessment of polyethylene/Zn-ionic as a diesel fuel sulfur adsorbent: gamma radiation effect and response surface methodology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:52993-53009. [PMID: 34023992 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Irradiated waste high-density polyethylene@Zn/ionic liquid novel composite well-fabricated via coacervation method was irradiated by gamma-irradiation and studied the effect of that radiation on the desulfurization process. The prepared composites were characterized by various analytical techniques as follows: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), N2-adsorption-desorption isotherm, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TG/DTA). The adsorptive desulfurization process of benzothiophene (BT) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) which are harmful compounds in diesel model fuel was investigating using the irradiated and unirradiated composite. The results illustrated that the unirradiated and irradiated composites exhibit an adequate adsorption capacity reached (50-75 mg S/g) and (60-85 mg S/g) for BT and DBT, respectively. The adsorption process over the prepared adsorbents follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The irradiated composite exhibited more adsorption capacity than the unirradiated one due to the radiation generated more surface area and created proton-bond donor sites in the composite surface, which increases the interaction between the surface and sulfur species. The adsorption capacity and adsorption percentage for irradiated and unirradiated composites towards (SCCs) were studied using response surface methodology based on the central composite design (CCD). The thermodynamic factors (∆H°, ∆G°, and ∆S°) reveal that these processes are endothermic adsorption processes. The irradiated PEt @Zn/IL was re-used without significant loss of adsorption activity. This novel irradiated PEt @Zn/IL is the first time used as an adsorbent with an advantage that includes its excellent adsorption capacity, which ensures the product will be efficient in a real process such as the petrochemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed Gamal Zaki
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt.
| | - Dina Mohmed
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt
| | - Modather Farouk Hussein
- Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
- Chemistry department, college of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Mahmoud El-Zayat
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, 11787, Egypt
| | - Fathi Samir Soliman
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt
- EPRI-Nanotechnology Center, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt
| | - Delvin Aman
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt.
- EPRI-Nanotechnology Center, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt.
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Yildiz I, Caliskan H, Mori K. Effects of cordierite particulate filters on diesel engine exhaust emissions in terms of pollution prevention approaches for better environmental management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112873. [PMID: 34082346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a specific diesel fuel is experimentally tested in a 4-cylindered diesel engine with and without a cordierite-based diesel particulate filter (CPF) to show the prevention of emissions by using an after treatment system (ATS). In this context, engine exhaust emissions, total particle concentration (TPC) and soot concentration are investigated. The diesel engine is firstly evaluated with the data directly measured from the engine output (DEO) (without after treatment option), and then the changes in the exhaust emission are examined by using an ATS which is a cordierite-based diesel particulate filter to prevent pollution. In this regard, total particle concentration of DEO option is found to be 6134041.20 1/cm3 and total particle concentration by using CPF is obtained to be 707.84 1/cm3. 99.99% reduction in TPC is achieved thanks to the use of CPF. The soot concentration of DEO option is calculated to be 2.158 mg/m3. However, the soot concentration is found to be 0.014 mg/m3 by using the CPF. The particulate matters are burned at high temperatures after being filtered at the exhaust output thanks to the regeneration process within the CPF after treatment. CO emissions decreased from 0.7489 g/kWh to 0.7273 g/kWh with the CPF utilization, while HC emissions decreased from 0.0965 g/kWh to 0.0900 g/kWh via CPF. However, an increase in CO2 and NOx emissions are observed due to oxidation in the CPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Yildiz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate Education Institute, Usak University, 64200, Usak, Turkey
| | - Hakan Caliskan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Usak University, 64200, Usak, Turkey.
| | - Kazutoshi Mori
- Department of Mechanical and Precision System Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, 320-8551, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
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12
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Application of Higher-Order Alcohols (1-Hexanol-C6 and 1-Heptanol-C7) in a Spark-Ignition Engine: Analysis and Assessment. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-05765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Wang K, Liu S, Li R, Wang Z. Analysis of the effect of particle-wall collision process in DPF on the spatial structure of smoke cake layer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26895-26905. [PMID: 33495955 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Based on the rebound model of particle-wall collision, the influence of adhesion force on the deposition process of particles on the smoke cake wall was studied by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and automatic specific surface area (BET) and pore size distribution analyzer. The interaction between the deposition process and the spatial structure of smoke cake was analyzed. The results show that with the increase of diesel engine speed, Young's modulus of particles decreases and the average particle size increases; the kinetic energy of particles impacting on the surface of smoke cake layer in diesel particle filter (DPF) increases; when the velocity of particles with the same particle size entering the wall increases, the maximum compression distance between particles and the surface of the smoke cake layer increases; and the adhesion force and adhesion energy increase. With the increase of diesel engine speed, the box counting dimension of smoke cake layer in DPF increases from 1.9478 to 1.996, the characteristic radius of pores decreases from 15.32 nm to 7.53 nm, the average pore diameter decreases, and the average pore volume increases. When the fractal dimension increases from 2.633 to 2.732, the deformation degree of particles increases, the smoke cake layer becomes more compact and dense, the internal structure of pores becomes more complex, the surface of pores is rougher, and particle adhesion requires overcoming larger adhesion barriers when particles adhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212203, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212203, China.
| | - Ruina Li
- School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212203, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212203, China
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14
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Caliskan H, Koduru JR, Acikkalp E, Altuntas O. VSI: Environment & Energy. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 270:110668. [PMID: 32721280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Caliskan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Usak University, 64200, Usak, Turkey.
| | - Janardhan Reddy Koduru
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Collage of Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 01897, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Emin Acikkalp
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, 11230, Bilecik, Turkey.
| | - Onder Altuntas
- Department of Airframe and Powerplant Maintenance, Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Eskisehir Technical University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey.
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15
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Tóth O, Holló A, Hancsók J. Alternative component containing diesel fuel from different waste sources. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 265:110562. [PMID: 32292175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mixtures with high fatty acid content are produced during vegetable oil and animal fat purification and paper production. These waste fractions can be converted into alternative fuels through several steps. The co-hydrogenation of waste polypropylene thermal cracked fraction or waste fatty acid mixture with unrefined gas oils is a potential solution for their conversion into hydrocarbons. The co-processing of these three different fractions was not yet investigated in these ratios. So the aim of the research work was to produce high quality diesel fuels and to study the occurring reactions and the interaction among these different compounds. The catalytic conversion of the mixture of unrefined gas oil, waste polypropylene cracked fraction (20 wt %) and waste fatty acid mixture (10, 20 and 30 wt %) was carried out on a commercial sulphided nickel-molybdenum-alumina catalyst. The effect of the feedstock compositions and the process parameters on the quantity and quality of the products was studied. The favourable process conditions to produce high quality diesel fuel blending components were selected (e.g., 10 wt % fatty acid waste, 360 °C temperature, 1.0 h-1 liquid hourly space velocity). The performance properties of this fuel were better than the conventional diesels', so their usage can be more environmentally friendly and lead to lower pollutant emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Tóth
- Department of MOL Hydrocarbon and Coal Processing, University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem Street, H-8200, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - A Holló
- Department of MOL Hydrocarbon and Coal Processing, University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem Street, H-8200, Veszprém, Hungary; MOL Plc., 2 Olajmunkás Street, H-2440, Százhalombatta, Hungary
| | - J Hancsók
- Department of MOL Hydrocarbon and Coal Processing, University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem Street, H-8200, Veszprém, Hungary.
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Hájek M, Vávra A, Mach P, Straková A. The use of cosolvents in heterogeneously and homogeneously catalysed methanolysis of oil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 262:110295. [PMID: 32250784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The paper describes transesterification of oil by methanol with use of cosolvents such as ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, hexane, acetone and diethyl ether at catalyst homogeneous (potassium hydroxide) and heterogeneous (mixed oxides). The cosolvents dissolve oil and methanol to form a single (homogeneous) phase, which increases the reaction rate. Therefore, the biodiesel production will be environmentally friendly because less energy is consumed, which increases sustainability. The whole binodal curve of ternary plots of oil, methanol and cosolvent was determined to find the molar ratio, in which the reaction mixture forms a single phase. The ethyl acetate and tetrahydrofuran have relatively small heterogeneous region, because of the similarity of their electric dipole moment with methanol. After transesterification, the detailed analysis of ester and also glycerol phase was carried out. For homogeneous catalyst, the highest esters content in the ester phase was achieved with tetrahydrofuran. For heterogeneous catalyst, the ester content was lower with cosolvent than without cosolvent, probably due to dilution of reaction components by cosolvent or bonding of cosolvent to the active sites of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hájek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleš Vávra
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Mach
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Straková
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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C. Wancura JH, Tres MV, Jahn SL, Oliveira JV. Lipases in liquid formulation for biodiesel production: Current status and challenges. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 67:648-667. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- João H. C. Wancura
- Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Marcus V. Tres
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE) Federal University of Santa Maria Cachoeira do Sul RS Brazil
| | - Sérgio L. Jahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - José Vladimir Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis SC Brazil
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