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Prachanurak A, Prachanurak P. Effects of dilution and pretreatment on nutrient removal and biomass production of Chlorella vulgaris in kitchen wastewater. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38462818 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2324364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
This research investigated the effect of kitchen wastewater (KWW) concentrations and pretreatment methods on Chlorella vulgaris biomass production, lipid content and nutrient removal. This study was divided into two separate experiments. The first experiment determined the appropriate dilution rate of KWW for the growth of microalgae, sterilized KWW was varied between 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%(v/v). The result indicated that 50%(v/v) showed the highest nutrient removal by 90.23%, 85.87%, and 80.64% of sCOD, TKN, and TP, respectively. The highest biomass and lipid content were obtained with 50%(v/v) (1.447 g/L, 37.9%). The second experiment was to find an effective physical pretreatment method, which separated the biotic contaminant, non-sterilized KWW was diluted 50%(v/v) and filtered with different mesh size filters (150 μm, 50 μm, and 30 μm) compared with sterilized KWW as a control sample. The result indicated that pretreatment with 50 μm filtration was found highest nutrient removal by 90.51%, 84.74%, and 77.50% of sCOD, TKN, and TP, respectively. The highest biomass and lipid content were obtained with 50 μm filtration (1.496 g/L, 39.4%). Our results support the hypothesis that the optimal dilution and proper filtration of KWW helps create more favorable environment for microalgal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akaporn Prachanurak
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Academic Division, Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy, Mueang, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | - Pradthana Prachanurak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
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2
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Sanchis-Perucho P, Aguado D, Ferrer J, Seco A, Robles Á. Direct Membrane Filtration of Municipal Wastewater: Studying the Most Suitable Conditions for Minimizing Fouling Rate in Commercial Porous Membranes at Demonstration Scale. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13010099. [PMID: 36676906 PMCID: PMC9866899 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of applying a commercial porous membrane to direct filtration of municipal wastewater. The effects of membrane pore size (MF and UF), treated influent (raw wastewater and the primary settler effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant) and operating solids concentration (about 1 and 2.6 g L-1) were evaluated on a demonstration plant. Filtration periods of 2-8 h were achieved when using the MF membrane, while these increased to 34-69 days with the UF membrane. This wide difference was due to severe fouling when operating the MF membrane, which was dramatically reduced by the UF membrane. Use of raw wastewater and higher solids concentration showed a significant benefit in the filtration performance when using the UF module. The physical fouling control strategies tested (air sparging and backwashing) proved to be ineffective in controlling UF membrane fouling, although these strategies had a significant impact on MF membrane fouling, extending the operating period from some hours to 5-6 days. The fouling evaluation showed that a cake layer seemed to be the predominant reversible fouling mechanism during each independent filtration cycle. However, as continuous filtration advanced, a large accumulation of irreversible fouling appeared, which could have been related to intermediate/complete pore blocking in the case of the MF membrane, while it could have been produced by standard pore blocking in the case of the UF membrane. Organic matter represented more than 70% of this irreversible fouling in all the experimental conditions evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Sanchis-Perucho
- CALAGUA–Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniel Aguado
- CALAGUA–Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d’Investigació d’Enginyeria de l’Aigua i Medi Ambient–IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Ferrer
- CALAGUA–Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d’Investigació d’Enginyeria de l’Aigua i Medi Ambient–IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Aurora Seco
- CALAGUA–Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Ángel Robles
- CALAGUA–Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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Segredo-Morales E, González-Martín C, Vera L, González E. Performance of a novel rotating membrane photobioreactor based on indigenous microalgae-bacteria consortia for wastewater reclamation. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Goh PS, Ahmad NA, Lim JW, Liang YY, Kang HS, Ismail AF, Arthanareeswaran G. Microalgae-Enabled Wastewater Remediation and Nutrient Recovery through Membrane Photobioreactors: Recent Achievements and Future Perspective. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1094. [PMID: 36363649 PMCID: PMC9699475 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of microalgae for wastewater remediation and nutrient recovery answers the call for a circular bioeconomy, which involves waste resource utilization and ecosystem protection. The integration of microalgae cultivation and wastewater treatment has been proposed as a promising strategy to tackle the issues of water and energy source depletions. Specifically, microalgae-enabled wastewater treatment offers an opportunity to simultaneously implement wastewater remediation and valuable biomass production. As a versatile technology, membrane-based processes have been increasingly explored for the integration of microalgae-based wastewater remediation. This review provides a literature survey and discussion of recent progressions and achievements made in the development of membrane photobioreactors (MPBRs) for wastewater treatment and nutrient recovery. The opportunities of using microalgae-based wastewater treatment as an interesting option to manage effluents that contain high levels of nutrients are explored. The innovations made in the design of membrane photobioreactors and their performances are evaluated. The achievements pave a way for the effective and practical implementation of membrane technology in large-scale microalgae-enabled wastewater remediation and nutrient recovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Sean Goh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Akalili Ahmad
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Yong Yeow Liang
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Siang Kang
- Marine Technology Centre, Institute for Vehicle System & Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Gangasalam Arthanareeswaran
- Membrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
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5
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Yap JX, Leo CP, Chan DJC, Mohd Yasin NH, Show PL. Air-liquid interface cultivation of Navicula incerta using hollow fiber membranes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135625. [PMID: 35820481 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae cultivation in open ponds requires a large footprint, while most photobioreactors need improvement in the ratio of surface to volume and energy consumption. In this study, polyethersulfone (PES) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes with a large surface area were rearranged into open-ended and dead-ended configurations to improve the air-liquid interface cultivation of Navicula incerta. N. incerta were successfully grown on the porous membrane surface with the nutrients circulating inside the lumen. Fourier-transform infrared spectra showed the accumulation of polysaccharides, proteins and humic acids. Hydrophilic polysaccharides reduced water contact angles on PES and PVDF membranes to 37.2 ± 2.6° and 55.7 ± 3.3°, respectively. However, the porosity of PES (80.1 ± 1.1%) and PVDF (61.3 ± 4.5%) membranes were not significantly affected even after cultivation and harvesting of N. incerta. Scanning electron images further confirmed that N. incerta, cell debris and extracellular organic matter accumulated on the membrane. With large pores and a hydrophobic surface, PVDF hollow fiber membranes offered a greater improvement in N. incerta cell growth rate compared to PES hollow fiber membranes despite using different configurations. In the dead-ended configuration, they even attained the greatest improvement in N. incerta growth rate, up to 54.0%. However, PES hollow fiber membranes only achieved improvement in harvesting efficiency within the range of 18.7-38.0% due to weak cell adhesion. PVDF hollow fiber membranes significantly promoted the growth of microalgae N. incerta through the air-liquid interface system, leading to potential applications in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xin Yap
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - C P Leo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Derek Juinn Chieh Chan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nazlina Haiza Mohd Yasin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, B34, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor, Malaysia
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6
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Zhou Q, Sun H, Jia L, Wu W, Wang J. Simultaneous biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plants by advanced treatment: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:134054. [PMID: 35202664 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the advancement of water ecological protection and water control standard, it is the general trend to upgrade the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus is the key to improve the water quality of secondary effluent of WWTPs to prevent the eutrophication. Therefore, it is urgent to develop the applicable technologies for simultaneous biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from secondary effluent. In this review, the composition of secondary effluent from municipal WWTPs were briefly introduced firstly, then the three main treatment processes for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal, i.e., the enhanced denitrifying phosphorus removal filter, the pyrite-based autotrophic denitrification and the microalgae biological treatment system were summarized, their performances and mechanisms were analyzed. The influencing factors and microbial community structure were discussed. The advanced removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by different technologies were also compared and summarized in terms of performance, operational characteristics, disadvantage and cost. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus technologies for secondary effluent were proposed. This review will deepen to understand the principles and applications of the advanced removal of nitrogen and phosphorus and provide some valuable information for upgrading the treatment process of WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
| | - Haimeng Sun
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
| | - Lixia Jia
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
| | - Weizhong Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
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7
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Advanced HRT-Controller Aimed at Optimising Nitrogen Recovery by Microalgae: Application in an Outdoor Flat-Panel Membrane Photobioreactor. CHEMENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering6020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A fuzzy knowledge-based controller of hydraulic retention time (HRT) was designed and tested in an outdoor membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) to improve nitrogen recovery from a microalgae cultivation system, maintaining the algae as photosynthetically active as possible and limiting their competition with other microorganisms. The hourly flow of the MPBR system was optimised by adjusting the influent flow rate to the outdoor environmental conditions which microalgae were exposed to at any moment and to the nitrogen uptake capacity of the culture. A semi-empirical photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) prediction model was calibrated using total cloud cover (TCC) forecast. Dissolved oxygen, standardised to 25 °C (DO25), was used as an on-line indicator of microalgae photosynthetic activity. Different indexes, based on suspended solids (SS), DO25, and predicted and real PAR, were used as input variables, while the initial HRT of each operating day (HRT0) and the variation of HRT (ΔHRT) served as output variables. The nitrogen recovery efficiency, measured as nitrogen recovery rate (NRR) per nitrogen loading rate (NLR) in pseudo-steady state conditions, was improved by 45% when the HRT-controller was set in comparison to fixed 1.25-d HRT. Consequently, the average effluent total soluble nitrogen (TSN) concentration in the MPBR was reduced by 47%, accomplishing the discharge requirements of the EU Directive 91/271/EEC.
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8
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Greses S, Tomás-Pejó E, Markou G, González-Fernández C. Microalgae production for nitrogen recovery of high-strength dry anaerobic digestion effluent. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 139:321-329. [PMID: 34999439 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dry anaerobic digestion (D-AD) generates nitrogen-rich effluents that are normally neglected in the circular bioeconomy. The high turbidity and ammonium content hamper nitrogen recovery from these effluents via biological processes, such as microalgae culture. The goal of this study was to demonstrate microalgae growth viability in high-strength D-AD effluents in order to recover nitrogen (N) as microalgae biomass. According to the experimental factorial design conducted in batch reactors, ammonium was identified as the critical inhibitory compound for microalgae growth while turbidity did not exhibit a significantly negative effect. Instead, turbidity resulted advantageous since it promoted high nitrogen uptake rates and biomass production. The presence of organic turbidity resulted in a positive effect that boosted Chlorella growth in a stream with higher ammonium (350 mg NH4+-N L-1) and turbidity (175 NTU) than the inhibition thresholds reported in the literature, reaching 98.7% of N recovery as microalgae biomass. When microalgae culture was scaled up in a photobioreactor operated in continuous mode, microalgae biomass was effectively produced while recovering 100% of N at a hydraulic retention time of 10 days. By imposing long exposure times and high turbidity, Chlorella adaptation to high-strength D-AD effluent resulted in high N uptake and biomass production. This study demonstrated not only the most influencing factor and the optimal NH4+-N and turbidity combination, but also the viability of using D-AD effluents as culture media for microalgae biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Greses
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elia Tomás-Pejó
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Giorgos Markou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Leof. Sofokli Venizelou 1, Lykovrysi 141 23, Athens, Greece.
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9
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Güneş G, Taşkan E. Quorum quenching strategy for biofouling control in membrane photobioreactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132667. [PMID: 34699877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to reduce membrane fouling in membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) through the quorum quenching (QQ) strategy. For this purpose, the QQ beads (immobilized Rhodococcus sp. BH4) were added to the MPBR, and antifouling ability was evaluated in consideration of the changes in transmembrane pressure (TMP), extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), microbial community, and cake layer morphology on the membrane surface. The results showed that the TMP of control MPBR (MPBR-C) reached 818 mbar and 912 mbar on the operation hours of 35 and 170, while the TMP of experimental MPBR (MPBR-QQ) was only 448 mbar and 676 mbar, respectively. The QQ strategy effectively reduced the EPS content in MPBR. The microscopic observations indicated that the QQ diminished the cake layer formation and pore-blocking on the membrane surface. Comparisons of 16S and 18S gene communities revealed minor differences between bacterial and eukaryotic species in MPBRs at phylum and class levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göknur Güneş
- Firat University, Department of Environmental Engineering, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ergin Taşkan
- Firat University, Department of Environmental Engineering, 23119, Elazig, Turkey.
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10
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Ye Y, Ngo HH, Guo W, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Varjani S, Liu Q, Bui XT, Hoang NB. Bio-membrane integrated systems for nitrogen recovery from wastewater in circular bioeconomy. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133175. [PMID: 34875297 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater contains a significant amount of recoverable nitrogen. Hence, the recovery of nitrogen from wastewater can provide an option for generating some revenue by applying the captured nitrogen to producing bio-products, in order to minimize dangerous or environmental pollution consequences. The circular bio-economy can achieve greater environmental and economic sustainability through game-changing technological developments that will improve municipal wastewater management, where simultaneous nitrogen and energy recovery are required. Over the last decade, substantial efforts were undertaken concerning the recovery of nitrogen from wastewater. For example, bio-membrane integrated system (BMIS) which integrates biological process and membrane technology, has attracted considerable attention for recovering nitrogen from wastewater. In this review, current research on nitrogen recovery using the BMIS are compiled whilst the technologies are compared regarding their energy requirement, efficiencies, advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, the bio-products achieved in the nitrogen recovery system processes are summarized in this paper, and the directions for future research are suggested. Future research should consider the quality of recovered nitrogenous products, long-term performance of BMIS and economic feasibility of large-scale reactors. Nitrogen recovery should be addressed under the framework of a circular bio-economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyao Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382 010, India
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Xuan Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology & Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Ngoc Bich Hoang
- NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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11
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Yang J, van Lier JB, Li J, Guo J, Fang F. Integrated anaerobic and algal bioreactors: A promising conceptual alternative approach for conventional sewage treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126115. [PMID: 34655782 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conventional sewage treatment applying activated sludge processes is energy-intensive and requires great financial input, hampering widespread implementation. The introduction of anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR) followed by an algal reactor growing species of commercial interest, may present an alternative, contributing to the envisaged resource recovery at sewage treatment plants. AnMBRs can be applied for organic matter removal with energy self-sufficiency, provided that effective membrane fouling management is applied. Haematococcus pluvialis, an algal species with commercial value, can be selected for ammonium and phosphate removal. Theoretical analysis showed that good pollutant removal, positive financial output, as well as a significant reduction in the amount of hazardous activated sludge can be achieved by applying the proposed process, showing interesting advantages over current sewage treatment processes. Microbial contamination to H. pluvialis is a challenge, and technologies for preventing the contamination during continuous sewage treatment need to be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401174, China
| | - Jules B van Lier
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Section of Sanitary Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Jian Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Jinsong Guo
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Fang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Comprehensive assessment of the microalgae-nitrifying bacteria competition in microalgae-based wastewater treatment systems: Relevant factors, evaluation methods and control strategies. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Viruela A, Aparicio S, Robles Á, Borrás Falomir L, Serralta J, Seco A, Ferrer J. Kinetic modeling of autotrophic microalgae mainline processes for sewage treatment in phosphorus-replete and -deplete culture conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149165. [PMID: 34311355 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A kinetic model of autotrophic microalgal growth in sewage was developed to determine the biokinetic processes involved, including carbon-, nitrogen- and phosphorus-limited microalgal growth, dependence on light intensity, temperature and pH, light attenuation and gas exchange to the atmosphere. A new feature was the differentiation between two metabolic pathways of phosphorus consumption according to the availability of extracellular phosphorus. Two scenarios were differentiated: phosphorus-replete and -deplete culture conditions. In the former, the microalgae absorbed phosphorus to grow and store polyphosphate. In the latter the microalgae used the stored polyphosphate as a phosphorus source for growth. Calibration and validation were performed with experimental data from a pilot-scale membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) fed with the permeate obtained from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) pilot plant fed with real urban wastewater. 12 of the model parameters were calibrated. Despite the dynamics involved in the operating and environmental conditions, the model was able to reproduce the overall process performance with a single set of model parameters values. Four periods of different environmental and operational conditions were accurately simulated. Regarding the former, light and temperature ranged 10-406 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 19.7-32.1 °C, respectively. Concerning the later, the photobioreactors widths were 0.25 and 0.10 m, and the biomass and hydraulic retention times ranged 3-4.5 and 1.5-2.5 days, respectively. The validation of the model resulted in an overall correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9954. The simulation results showed the potential of the model to predict the dynamics of the different components: the relative proportions of microalgae, nitrogen and phosphorus removal, polyphosphate storage and consumption, and soluble organic matter concentration, as well as the influence of environmental parameters on the microalgae's biokinetic processes. The proposed model could provide an effective tool for the industry to predict microalgae production and comply with the discharge limits in areas declared sensitive to eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Viruela
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Stéphanie Aparicio
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - Ángel Robles
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Luis Borrás Falomir
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Joaquín Serralta
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Aurora Seco
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - José Ferrer
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain
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14
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Effect of hydraulic retention time on the performance of trickling photo-bioreactor treating domestic wastewater: Removal of carbon, nutrients, and micropollutants. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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González-Camejo J, Robles A, Seco A, Ferrer J, Ruano MV. On-line monitoring of photosynthetic activity based on pH data to assess microalgae cultivation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 276:111343. [PMID: 32942218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae performance of outdoor cultivation systems is influenced by environmental and operating dynamics. Monitoring and control systems are needed to maximise biomass productivity and nutrient recovery. The goal of this work was to corroborate that pH data could be used to monitor microalgae performance by means of data from an outdoor membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) plant. In this system, microalgae photosynthetic activity was favoured over other physical and biological processes, so that the pH data dynamics was theoretically related to the microalgae carbon uptake rate (CUR). Short- and long-term continuous operations were tested to corroborate the relationship between the first derivate of pH data dynamics (pH') and microalgae photosynthetic activity. Short-term operations showed a good correlation between gross pH' values and MPBR performance. An indicator of the maximum daily average microalgae activity was assessed by a combination of on-line pH' measurements obtained in the long-term and a microalgae growth kinetic model. Both indicators contributed to the development of advanced real-time monitoring and control systems to optimise microalgae cultivation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J González-Camejo
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - A Robles
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Seco
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Ferrer
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - M V Ruano
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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16
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Serna-García R, Mora-Sánchez JF, Sanchis-Perucho P, Bouzas A, Seco A. Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) scale-up from laboratory to pilot-scale for microalgae and primary sludge co-digestion: Biological and filtration assessment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 316:123930. [PMID: 32763806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This research work proposes the scale-up evaluation in terms of biological and filtration performance from laboratory to pilot-scale of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) co-digesting raw microalgae and primary sludge. Best operating conditions for this scale-up were energetically and economically assessed based on laboratory results. Economic balance showed 3% higher annual costs when operating a reactor at 100 d solids retention time (SRT) compared to 70 d SRT. Energetic balance showed a 5.5-fold increase in heat demand working at thermophilic temperature comparing to mesophilic. The AnMBR operating conditions were set at 70 d SRT and 35 °C. The pilot-scale and lab-scale co-digesters performed similarly in terms of biogas production and system stability. 154 mLbiogas·d-1·L-1reactor were produced at pilot-scale, corresponding to methane yield of 215 mLCH4·gCODinf-1. AnMBR filtration at both laboratory and pilot-scale showed stability working at permeate fluxes of 4.2-5.8 L·m-2·h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Serna-García
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - J F Mora-Sánchez
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient, IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - P Sanchis-Perucho
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Bouzas
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Seco
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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17
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Parakh SK, Praveen P, Loh KC, Tong YW. Integrating gravity settler with an algal membrane photobioreactor for in situ biomass concentration and harvesting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123822. [PMID: 32688254 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gravity settler was integrated into an algal membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) for in situ biomass concentration and harvesting of Graesiella emersonii. By continuous circulation of suspended biomass between MPBR and settler, biomass was sedimented in the settler and harvested. MPBR-Settler operations at different recirculation rates (0.15-2.4 L/d) and settler volumes (250-1000 mL) affected both suspended (0.4-3.4 g/L) and settled (16.1-31.1 g/L) biomass concentrations. Maximum biomass productivity of 0.26 ± 0.06 g/L/d was achieved in the 1000 mL settler operating at 0.6 L/d recirculation rate, which also yielded 9-131 times concentrated biomass (31.1 g/L) compared to the baseline MPBR (0.2-3.4 g/L). This novel design also facilitated MPBR operation at low solids retention times (6-8 d) without incurring large outflow of unfiltered effluent, while alleviating light limitation via biomass dilution. These results demonstrated that the MPBR-Settler system can provide an excellent way to mitigate light limitation, enhance biomass productivity, and simplify biomass harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Kishor Parakh
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, Singapore; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kai-Chee Loh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, Singapore; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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18
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Petrini S, Foladori P, Donati L, Andreottola G. Comprehensive respirometric approach to assess photosynthetic, heterotrophic and nitrifying activity in microalgal-bacterial consortia treating real municipal wastewater. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Uncoupling solid and hydraulic retention time in photobioreactors for microalgae mass production: A model-based analysis. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Robles Á, Capson-Tojo G, Galès A, Ruano MV, Sialve B, Ferrer J, Steyer JP. Microalgae-bacteria consortia in high-rate ponds for treating urban wastewater: Elucidating the key state indicators under dynamic conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 261:110244. [PMID: 32148311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
On-line performance indicators of a microalgae-bacteria consortium were screened out from different variables based on pH and dissolved oxygen on-line measurements via multivariate projection analysis, aiming at finding on-line key state indicators to easily monitor the process. To fulfil this objective, a pilot-scale high-rate pond for urban wastewater treatment was evaluated under highly variable conditions, i.e. during the start-up period. The system was started-up without seed of either bacterial or microalgal biomass. It took around 19 days to fully develop a microalgal community assimilating nutrients significantly. Slight increases in the biomass productivities in days 26-30 suggest that the minimum time for establishing a performant bacteria-microalgae consortium could be of around one month for non-inoculated systems. At this point, the process was fully functional, meeting the European discharge limits for protected areas. The results of the statistical analyses show that both the pH and the dissolved oxygen concentration represent accurately the biochemical processes taking place under the start-up of the process. Both pH and dissolved oxygen represented accurately also the performance of the high-rate algal pond, being affordable, easily-implemented, options for monitoring, control and optimization of industrial-scale processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Robles
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior D'Enginyeria, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Gabriel Capson-Tojo
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Amandine Galès
- LBE, Univ. Montpellier, INRA, 102 avenue des Etangs, 11100, Narbonne, France
| | - María Victoria Ruano
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior D'Enginyeria, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bruno Sialve
- LBE, Univ. Montpellier, INRA, 102 avenue des Etangs, 11100, Narbonne, France
| | - José Ferrer
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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21
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Robles Á, Capson-Tojo G, Gales A, Viruela A, Sialve B, Seco A, Steyer JP, Ferrer J. Performance of a membrane-coupled high-rate algal pond for urban wastewater treatment at demonstration scale. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 301:122672. [PMID: 31945681 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of an outdoor membrane-coupled high-rate algal pond equipped with industrial-scale membranes for treating urban wastewater. Decoupling biomass retention time (BRT) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) by membrane filtration resulted in improved process efficiencies, with higher biomass productivities and nutrient removal rates when operating at low HRTs. At 6 days of BRT, biomass productivity increased from 30 to 66 and to 95 g·m-3·d-1 when operating at HRTs of 6, 4 and 2.5 days, respectively. The corresponding nitrogen removal rates were 4, 8 and 11 g N·m-3·d-1 and the phosphorous removal rates were 0.5, 1.3 and 1.6 g P·m-3·d-1. The system was operated keeping moderate specific air demands (0.25 m3·m-2·h-1), resulting in reasonable operating and maintenance costs (€0.04 per m3) and energy requirements (0.29 kWh per m3). The produced water was free of pathogens and could be directly used for reusing purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Robles
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Gabriel Capson-Tojo
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Amandine Gales
- LBE, Univ. Montpellier, INRA, 102 avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Alexandre Viruela
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Bruno Sialve
- LBE, Univ. Montpellier, INRA, 102 avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Aurora Seco
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - José Ferrer
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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22
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Robles Á, Aguado D, Barat R, Borrás L, Bouzas A, Giménez JB, Martí N, Ribes J, Ruano MV, Serralta J, Ferrer J, Seco A. New frontiers from removal to recycling of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater in the Circular Economy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 300:122673. [PMID: 31948770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient recovery technologies are rapidly expanding due to the need for the appropriate recycling of key elements from waste resources in order to move towards a truly sustainable modern society based on the Circular Economy. Nutrient recycling is a promising strategy for reducing the depletion of non-renewable resources and the environmental impact linked to their extraction and manufacture. However, nutrient recovery technologies are not yet fully mature, as further research is needed to optimize process efficiency and enhance their commercial applicability. This paper reviews state-of-the-art of nutrient recovery, focusing on frontier technological advances and economic and environmental innovation perspectives. The potentials and limitations of different technologies are discussed, covering systems based on membranes, photosynthesis, crystallization and other physical and biological nutrient recovery systems (e.g. incineration, composting, stripping and absorption and enhanced biological phosphorus recovery).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Robles
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - Daniel Aguado
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Ramón Barat
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Luis Borrás
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Alberto Bouzas
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Juan Bautista Giménez
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Nuria Martí
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Josep Ribes
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - María Victoria Ruano
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Joaquín Serralta
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain
| | - José Ferrer
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Aurora Seco
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
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23
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Arora N, Jaiswal KK, Kumar V, Vlaskin MS, Nanda M, Pruthi V, Chauhan PK. Small-scale phyco-mitigation of raw urban wastewater integrated with biodiesel production and its utilization for aquaculture. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122489. [PMID: 31818721 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A low-cost small-scale high-rate algal pond (HRAP) was constructed to investigate the synergistic potential of a novel oleaginous microalga, Chlorella sorokiniana for phyco-mitigation, and biodiesel production using raw urban wastewater. An enhanced nutrient removal (97%), total organic carbon (74%), alkalinity (70%) and hardness (75%) from the wastewater was obtained. The microalga dominated in the HRAP as ~90% increase in the dissolved oxygen with high biomass (1.13 g/L) was noted. The microalga biomass showed sufficient lipid content (~31% of dry cell weight) as compared to control (Bold's Basal media). The total lipid profiling of the microalga cultivated in wastewater showed augmentation in the levels of both storage and neutral lipids with good quality fatty acids composition. Moreover, the sucker fishes grew healthy in the treated wastewater with an increase in body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Arora
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Lab, Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248001, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 40076, India; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Jaiswal
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Lab, Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248001, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Lab, Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248001, India.
| | - M S Vlaskin
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13/2 Izhorskaya St, Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - Manisha Nanda
- Department of Biotechnology, Dolphin (P.G.) Institute of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Dehradun 248001, India
| | - Vikas Pruthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - P K Chauhan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, HP, India
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24
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Zamorano-López N, Borrás L, Seco A, Aguado D. Unveiling microbial structures during raw microalgae digestion and co-digestion with primary sludge to produce biogas using semi-continuous AnMBR systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 699:134365. [PMID: 31677459 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Methane production from microalgae can be enhanced through anaerobic co-digestion with carbon-rich substrates and thus mitigate the inhibition risk associated with its low C:N ratio. Acclimated microbial communities for microalgae disruption can be used as a source of natural enzymes in bioenergy production. However, co-substrates with a certain microbial diversity such as primary sludge might shift the microbial structure. Substrates were generated in a Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF) and combined as follows: Scenedesmus or Chlorella digestion and microalgae co-digestion with primary sludge. The study was performed using two lab-scale Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors (AnMBR). During three years, different feedstocks scenarios for methane production were evaluated with a special focus on the microbial diversity of the AnMBR. 57% of the population was shared between the different feedstock scenarios, revealing the importance of Anaerolineaceae members besides Smithella and Methanosaeta genera. The addition of primary sludge enhanced the microbial diversity of the system during both Chlorella and Scenedesmus co-digestion and promoted different microbial structures. Aceticlastic methanogen Methanosaeta was dominant in all the feedstock scenarios. A more remarkable role of syntrophic fatty acid degraders (Smithella, Syntrophobacteraceae) was observed during co-digestion when only microalgae were digested. However, no significant changes were observed in the microbial composition during anaerobic microalgae digestion when feeding only Chlorella or Scenedesmus. This is the first work revealing the composition of complex communities for semi-continuous bioenergy production from WRRF streams. The stability and maintenance of a microbial core over-time in semi-continuous AnMBRs is here shown supporting their future application in full-scale systems for raw microalgae digestion or co-digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zamorano-López
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - L Borrás
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - A Seco
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - D Aguado
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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25
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González-Camejo J, Jiménez-Benítez A, Ruano MV, Robles A, Barat R, Ferrer J. Preliminary data set to assess the performance of an outdoor membrane photobioreactor. Data Brief 2019; 27:104599. [PMID: 31667317 PMCID: PMC6812031 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This data in brief (DIB) article is related to a Research article entitled 'Optimising an outdoor membrane photobioreactor for tertiary sewage treatment' [1]. Data related to the effect of substrate turbidity, the ammonium concentration at which the culture reaches nitrogen-deplete conditions and the microalgae growth rate under outdoor conditions is provided. Microalgae growth rates under different substrate turbidity were obtained to assess the reduction of the culture's light availability. Lab-scale experiments showed growth rates reductions of 22-44%. Respirometric tests were carried to know the limiting ammonium concentration in this microalgae-based wastewater treatment system. Growth rates (μ) of green microalgae Scenedesmus and Chlorella obtained under outdoor conditions; i.e. 0.40 d-1 (R2 = 0.993) and 0.43 d-1 (R2 = 0.995), respectively, can be useful to obtain optimum operating conditions of membrane photobioreactor (MPBR).
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Affiliation(s)
- J González-Camejo
- Calagua - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - A Jiménez-Benítez
- Calagua - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - M V Ruano
- Calagua - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Robles
- Calagua - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Barat
- Calagua - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Ferrer
- Calagua - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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