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Awathare P, Hait S, Gawali S, Nayak M, Kumar NR, Guldhe A. Developing biomass augmentation strategy for cultivation of Marvania coccoides using fruit waste and wastewater based growth medium for biodiesel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 404:130911. [PMID: 38821425 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae cultivation using waste as nutrient source can minimize the use of expensive chemical nutrients and valuable freshwater. In present work, novel microalgae Marvania coccoides was cultivated in fruit waste (FW) and wastewater (WW) based growth medium. To further augment metabolites and biomass, the culture was supplemented with phytohormone, kinetin (K). Various pre-treatment methods were investigated for improving the nutrient release and bacterial load reduction in waste-based medium. Phytohormone supplemented fruit waste and wastewater media (WW + FW + K) showed improved biomass productivity of 117.14 mg.L-1.d-1 compared to both waste-based and synthetic medium. Biomass harvested from WW + FW + K showed increased lipid content (22 %) as compared to lipid content (19 %) of biomass from synthetic medium. Biodiesel yield of 91.50 % was observed with fatty acids C16:0, C16:2, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C19:0, C20:1, C20:2 and C22:1 in composition. M. coccoides can be cultivated in waste medium and used as promising feedstock for production of biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Awathare
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai 410206, India
| | - Sinchan Hait
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai 410206, India
| | - Sushant Gawali
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai 410206, India
| | - Manoranjan Nayak
- Biorefinery and Bioenergy Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | | | - Abhishek Guldhe
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai 410206, India.
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2
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Phukon H, Harshvardhan K, Sarma N, Kumar P, Lal M, Kalita D. Isolation and identification of Methylobacterium komagatae and its application in textile industries. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38389289 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2318787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
A light pink-coloured, rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium isolated from an unproductive crude oil production area was considered as a sample for this study. The 16S rRNA gene sequence identified the isolate as Methylobacterium komagatae. Comparing the standard colour measurement values set by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) method confirms the colourant produced by the biomass of this microorganism as a 'light pink' colouration. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and High-Resolution Mass Spectroscopy process help in the structural elucidation of the sample. It indicates the presence of magnesium (Mg) as a central metal atom in the bacterial colourant, i.e. 'bacteriochlorophyll' (BChl) (MgC55H74N4O). The recovered bacterial colourant was applied to cotton fabric and cotton yarns to dye and examine their fastness quality. The result shows the cotton fabrics retained colourant in normal washing while it got reduced after detergent-based washing. Therefore, its fastness quality must be improved to equalise with current colourants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hridoyjit Phukon
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Agro-technology and Rural Development Division (ARDD), North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Kumar Harshvardhan
- Agro-technology and Rural Development Division (ARDD), North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Neelav Sarma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Agro-technology and Rural Development Division (ARDD), North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mohan Lal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Agro-technology and Rural Development Division (ARDD), North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Dipul Kalita
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Agro-technology and Rural Development Division (ARDD), North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
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3
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Guilherme Sebastião V, Batista D, Rebellato AP, Alves Macedo J, Steel CJ. Sustainable production of naturally colored extruded breakfast cereals from blends of broken rice and vegetable flours. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113078. [PMID: 37689858 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing demand for practical and healthy food products. Obtaining naturally colored breakfast cereals with the incorporation of functional ingredients is a promising alternative for consumers that are looking for healthiness. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using vegetable flours, rich in pigments, to obtain naturally colored breakfast cereals through thermoplastic extrusion. Vegetables considered "unsuitable for the retail market", classified as "type B", were used to prepare different flours from carrot (CF), spinach (SF) and beetroot (BF). Extrudates were produced from a mixture of 90% broken rice (BR) and 10% vegetable flour (CF, SF or BF). Besides giving the extrudates a natural color, the use of vegetable flours also provided nutritional and functional enrichment due to increased mineral, protein, lipid, fiber and phenolic compound contents, and greater antioxidant capacity. However, some of these components, such as fibers, affect extrudate physical structure and technological characteristics, evidenced by reduced expansion, hardness, paste viscosity and greater interaction with water present in milk under consumption conditions. In general, the evaluated flours proved to be an alternative for imparting a natural color to extruded breakfast cereals, in addition to positively contributing to their nutritional and functional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Guilherme Sebastião
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Batista
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Rebellato
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Alves Macedo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Joy Steel
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Pereira JAM, Berenguer CV, Câmara JS. Delving into Agri-Food Waste Composition for Antibacterial Phytochemicals. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050634. [PMID: 37233675 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics in the healthcare, veterinary, and agricultural industries has led to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), resulting in significant economic losses worldwide and a growing healthcare problem that urgently needs to be solved. Plants produce a variety of secondary metabolites, making them an area of interest in the search for new phytochemicals to cope with AMR. A great part of agri-food waste is of plant origin, constituting a promising source of valuable compounds with different bioactivities, including those against antimicrobial resistance. Many types of phytochemicals, such as carotenoids, tocopherols, glucosinolates, and phenolic compounds, are widely present in plant by-products, such as citrus peels, tomato waste, and wine pomace. Unveiling these and other bioactive compounds is therefore very relevant and could be an important and sustainable form of agri-food waste valorisation, adding profit for local economies and mitigating the negative impact of these wastes' decomposition on the environment. This review will focus on the potential of agri-food waste from a plant origin as a source of phytochemicals with antibacterial activity for global health benefits against AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A M Pereira
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Cristina V Berenguer
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - José S Câmara
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
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5
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A review of the antibiotic ofloxacin: current status of ecotoxicology and scientific advances in its removal from aqueous systems by adsorption technology. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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Valanciene E, Malys N. Advances in Production of Hydroxycinnamoyl-Quinic Acids: From Natural Sources to Biotechnology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122427. [PMID: 36552635 PMCID: PMC9774772 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxycinnamoyl-quinic acids (HCQAs) are polyphenol esters formed of hydroxycinnamic acids and (-)-quinic acid. They are naturally synthesized by plants and some micro-organisms. The ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid, the chlorogenic acid, is an intermediate of lignin biosynthesis. HCQAs are biologically active dietary compounds exhibiting several important therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and other activities. They can also be used in the synthesis of nanoparticles or drugs. However, extraction of these compounds from biomass is a complex process and their synthesis requires costly precursors, limiting the industrial production and availability of a wider variety of HCQAs. The recently emerged production through the bioconversion is still in an early stage of development. In this paper, we discuss existing and potential future strategies for production of HCQAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Valanciene
- Bioprocess Research Centre, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (N.M.)
| | - Naglis Malys
- Bioprocess Research Centre, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (N.M.)
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7
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Kumar V, Sharma N, Umesh M, Selvaraj M, Al-Shehri BM, Chakraborty P, Duhan L, Sharma S, Pasrija R, Awasthi MK, Lakkaboyana SR, Andler R, Bhatnagar A, Maitra SS. Emerging challenges for the agro-industrial food waste utilization: A review on food waste biorefinery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127790. [PMID: 35973569 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Modernization and industrialization has undoubtedly revolutionized the food and agro-industrial sector leading to the drastic increase in their productivity and marketing thereby accelerating the amount of agro-industrial food waste generated. In the past few decades the potential of these agro-industrial food waste to serve as bio refineries for the extraction of commercially viable products like organic acids, biochemical and biofuels was largely discussed and explored over the conventional method of disposing in landfills. The sustainable development of such strategies largely depends on understanding the techno economic challenges and planning for future strategies to overcome these hurdles. This review work presents a comprehensive outlook on the complex nature of agro-industrial food waste and pretreatment methods for their valorization into commercially viable products along with the challenges in the commercialization of food waste bio refineries that need critical attention to popularize the concept of circular bio economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India.
| | - Neha Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mridul Umesh
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Manickam Selvaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badria M Al-Shehri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pritha Chakraborty
- School of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Jain (Deemed To Be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Lucky Duhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Shivali Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, India
| | - Ritu Pasrija
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Siva Ramakrishna Lakkaboyana
- Department of Chemistry, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai 600062, India
| | - Rodrigo Andler
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (Cenbio), Universidad Católica del Maule
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland
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Leong YK, Chang JS. Valorization of fruit wastes for circular bioeconomy: Current advances, challenges, and opportunities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127459. [PMID: 35700899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The demands for fruits and processed products have significantly increased following the surging human population growth and rising health awareness. However, an enormous amount of fruit waste is generated during their production life-cycle due to the inedible portion and perishable nature, which become a considerable burden to the environment. Embracing the concept of "circular economy", these fruit wastes represent sustainable and renewable resources and can be integrated into biorefinery platforms for valorization into a wide range of high-value products. To fully realize the potential of fruit waste in circular bioeconomy and provide insights on future commercial-scale applications, this review presented the recycling and utilization of fruit wastes in various applications, particularly focusing on pollutant bioremediation, renewable energy and biofuel production, biosynthesis of bioactive compounds and low-cost microbial growth media. Furthermore, the challenges of efficient valorization of fruit wastes were discussed and future prospects were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong Kit Leong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan.
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9
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Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Peel Extracts as Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Additives Used in Alfalfa Sprouts. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172588. [PMID: 36076774 PMCID: PMC9455905 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous and ethanolic pomegranate peel extracts (PPE) were studied as a source of phenolic compounds with antimicrobial, anti-quorum sensing, and antioxidant properties. The aqueous extract showed higher total phenolic and flavonoid content (153.43 mg GAE/g and 45.74, respectively) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH radical inhibition: 86.12%, ABTS radical scavenging capacity: 958.21 mg TE/dw) compared to the ethanolic extract. The main phenolic compounds identified by UPLC-DAD were chlorogenic and gallic acids. The aqueous PPE extract showed antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, Candida tropicalis (MICs 19–30 mg/mL), and anti-quorum sensing activity expressed as inhibition of Chromobacterium violaceum violacein production (%). The aqueous PPE extracts at 25 mg/mL applied on alfalfa sprouts reduced psychrophilic bacteria (1.12 Log CFU/100 g) and total coliforms (1.23 Log CFU/100 g) and increased the antioxidant capacity of the treated sprouts (55.13 µmol TE/100 g (DPPH) and 126.56 µmol TE/100 g (ABTS)) compared to untreated alfalfa. This study emphasizes PPE’s antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in alfalfa sprouts preservation.
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10
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Hassoun A, Bekhit AED, Jambrak AR, Regenstein JM, Chemat F, Morton JD, Gudjónsdóttir M, Carpena M, Prieto MA, Varela P, Arshad RN, Aadil RM, Bhat Z, Ueland Ø. The fourth industrial revolution in the food industry-part II: Emerging food trends. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:407-437. [PMID: 35930319 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2106472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The food industry has recently been under unprecedented pressure due to major global challenges, such as climate change, exponential increase in world population and urbanization, and the worldwide spread of new diseases and pandemics, such as the COVID-19. The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) has been gaining momentum since 2015 and has revolutionized the way in which food is produced, transported, stored, perceived, and consumed worldwide, leading to the emergence of new food trends. After reviewing Industry 4.0 technologies (e.g. artificial intelligence, smart sensors, robotics, blockchain, and the Internet of Things) in Part I of this work (Hassoun, Aït-Kaddour, et al. 2022. The fourth industrial revolution in the food industry-Part I: Industry 4.0 technologies. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1-17.), this complimentary review will focus on emerging food trends (such as fortified and functional foods, additive manufacturing technologies, cultured meat, precision fermentation, and personalized food) and their connection with Industry 4.0 innovations. Implementation of new food trends has been associated with recent advances in Industry 4.0 technologies, enabling a range of new possibilities. The results show several positive food trends that reflect increased awareness of food chain actors of the food-related health and environmental impacts of food systems. Emergence of other food trends and higher consumer interest and engagement in the transition toward sustainable food development and innovative green strategies are expected in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo Hassoun
- Sustainable AgriFoodtech Innovation & Research (SAFIR), Arras, France
- Syrian AcademicExpertise (SAE), Gaziantep, Turkey
| | | | - Anet Režek Jambrak
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Joe M Regenstein
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Farid Chemat
- Green Extraction Team, INRAE, Avignon University, Avignon, France
| | - James D Morton
- Department of Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - María Gudjónsdóttir
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - María Carpena
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| | - Miguel A Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| | - Paula Varela
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Nofima - Norwegian Institute of Food, Ås, Norway
| | - Rai Naveed Arshad
- Institute of High Voltage & High Current, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zuhaib Bhat
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, SKUAST-J, Jammu, India
| | - Øydis Ueland
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Nofima - Norwegian Institute of Food, Ås, Norway
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11
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Sridhar A, Vaishampayan V, Senthil Kumar P, Ponnuchamy M, Kapoor A. Extraction techniques in food industry: Insights into process parameters and their optimization. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 166:113207. [PMID: 35688271 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This review presents critical evaluation of the key parameters that affect the extraction of targeted components, giving due consideration to safety and environmental aspects. The crucial aspects of the extraction technologies along with protocols and process parameters for designing unit operations have been emphasized. The parameters like solvent usage, substrate type, concentration, particle size, temperature, quality and storage of extract as well as stability of extraction have been elaborately discussed. The process optimization using mathematical and computational modeling highlighting information and communication technologies have been given importance aiming for a green and sustainable industry level scaleup. The findings indicate that the extraction processes vary significantly depending on the category of food and its structure. There is no single extraction method or universal set of process conditions identified for extracting all value-added products from respective sources. A comprehensive understanding of process parameters and their optimization as well as synergistic combination of multiple extraction processes can aid in enhancement of the overall extraction efficiency. Future efforts must be directed toward the design of integrated unit operations that cause minimal harm to the environment along with investigations on economic feasibility to ensure sustainable extraction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Sridhar
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Vijay Vaishampayan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India.
| | - Muthamilselvi Ponnuchamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Ashish Kapoor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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12
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Ghosh M, Singh AK. Potential of engineered nanostructured biopolymer based coatings for perishable fruits with Coronavirus safety perspectives. PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS 2022; 163:106632. [PMID: 34931104 PMCID: PMC8674086 DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2021.106632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fresh fruits are prioritized needs in order to fulfill the required health benefits for human beings. However, some essential fruits are highly perishable with very short shelf-life during storage because of microbial growth and infections. Thus improvement of fruits shelf-life is a serious concern for their proper utlization without generation of huge amount of fruit-waste. Among various methods employed in extension of fruits shelf-life, design and fabrication of edible nanocoatings with antimicrobial activities have attracted considerable interest because of their enormous potential, novel functions, eco-friendly nature and good durability. In recent years, scientific communities have payed increased attention in the development of advanced antimicrobial edible coatings to prolong the postharvest shelf-life of fruits using hydrocolloids. In this review, we attempted to highlight the technical breakthrough and recent advancements in development of edible fruit coating by the application of various types of agro-industrial residues and different active nanomaterials incorporated into the coatings and their effects on shelf-life of perishable fruits. Improvements in highly desired functions such as antioxidant/antimicrobial activities and mechanical properties of edible coating to significantly control the gases (O2/CO2) permeation by the incorporation of nanoscale natural materials as well as metal nanoparticles are reviewed and discussed. In addition, by compiling recent knowledge, advantages of coatings on fruits for nutritional security during COVID-19 pandemic are also summarized along with the scientific challenges and insights for future developments in fabrication of engineered nanocoatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushumi Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab 147004, India
| | - Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab 147004, India
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13
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Hussin F, Aroua MK, Szlachta M. Biochar derived from fruit by-products using pyrolysis process for the elimination of Pb(II) ion: An updated review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132250. [PMID: 34547565 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution is one of the most concerning global environmental problems in this century with the severity and complexity of the issue increases every day. One of the major contributors to water pollution is the discharge of harmful heavy metal wastes into the rivers and water bodies. Without proper treatment, the release of these harmful inorganic waste would endanger the environment by contaminating the food chains of living organisms, hence, leading to potential health risks to humans. The adsorption method has become one of the cost-effective alternative treatments to eliminate heavy metal ions. Since the type of adsorbent material is the most vital factor that determines the effectiveness of the adsorption, continuous efforts have been made in search of cheap adsorbents derived from a variety of waste materials. Fruit waste can be transformed into valuable products, such as biochar, as they are composed of many functional groups, including carboxylic groups and lignin, which is effective in metal binding. The main objective of this study was to review the potential of various types of fruit wastes as an alternative adsorbent for Pb(II) removal. Following a brief overview of the properties and effects of Pb(II), this study discussed the equilibrium isotherms and adsorption kinetic by various adsorption models. The possible adsorption mechanisms and regeneration study for Pb(II) removal were also elaborated in detail to provide a clear understanding of biochar produced using the pyrolysis technique. The future prospects of fruit waste as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) was also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farihahusnah Hussin
- Research Centre for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilisation (CCDCU), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua
- Research Centre for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilisation (CCDCU), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Małgorzata Szlachta
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland; Geological Survey of Finland, P.O. Box 96, FI-02151, Espoo, Finland
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14
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Maity S, Nanda S, Sarkar A. Colocasia esculenta stem as novel biosorbent for potentially toxic metals removal from aqueous system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:58885-58901. [PMID: 33641096 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biosorption is an ingenious technique that uses biological materials to acquire trace metal ions from wastewater. In the present study, the ability of Colocasia esculenta stem biomass was explored for the biosorption of toxic trace metals. The maximum removal was observed for arsenate (As5+) with 58.63%, followed by chromium (Cr6+) with 56.56%, and cadmium (Cd2+) with 41.2%. However, for copper (Cu2+), nickel (Ni2+), and zinc (Zn2+), low adsorption was observed. Batch sorption tests revealed that adsorbent dosage of 0.5g, 0.5g, and 0.3g; time of 10 h, 4 h, and 10 h; room temperature range of 25-30°C; pH range of 7.0-4.5; and initial concentration of 30 μg/L, 20 mg/L, and 30 mg/L were the optimum conditions for the removal of As5+, Cr6+, and Cd2+, respectively. Scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analysis of Colocasia esculenta stem biomass before and after adsorption revealed that the trace metals successfully get adsorbed on the surface of the biosorbent. The equilibrium data fitted well with the adsorption isotherm model of Langmuir (for As5+, Cr6+, and Cd2+), Dubinin-Radushkevich (for As5+ and Cr6+), and Flory-Huggins (for Cd2+), and the kinetic data of As5+, Cr6+, and Cd2+ biosorption were best described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process for all concerned trace metals acts in a spontaneous manner and is endothermic in nature. Thus, the use of Colocasia esculenta stem biomass proved to be an efficient and economical alternative for the treatment of effluents contaminated with these trace metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Maity
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Soumyashree Nanda
- Department of Botany and Biotechnology, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Angana Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India.
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15
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Ramli ANM, Hamid HA, Zulkifli FH, Zamri N, Bhuyar P, Manas NHA. Physicochemical properties and tenderness analysis of bovine meat using proteolytic enzymes extracted from pineapple (
Ananas comosus
) and jackfruit (
Artocarpus heterophyllus
) by‐products. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aizi Nor Mazila Ramli
- College of Computing and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Gambang Malaysia
| | - Hazrulrizawati Abd Hamid
- College of Computing and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Gambang Malaysia
| | - Farah Hanani Zulkifli
- College of Computing and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Gambang Malaysia
| | - Normaiza Zamri
- College of Computing and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Gambang Malaysia
| | - Prakash Bhuyar
- Department of Biotechnology Garden City College Bangalore India
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16
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Sudhakar C, Shobana C, Selvankumar T, Selvam K. Prodigiosin production from Serratia marcescens strain CSK and their antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic effect and in silico study of caspase-3 apoptotic protein. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:1984-1997. [PMID: 34582588 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study emphasizes the production and optimization of prodigiosin (PG) pigment from Serratia marcescens strain CSK, which was isolated from Shevaroy Hills, Salem district, Tamil Nadu, India. The response surface methodology analysis was applied for the optimization process of PG production. The maximum production of PG (2950 mg/L) was obtained at pH 7.0 with the addition of tryptophan (4.0 g/L) and sucrose (3.0 g/L) with 60 h of incubation. Further, the PG was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The purified PG exhibited strong antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Also, PG's cytotoxic effects against human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells were observed through acridine orange-ethidium bromide (AO-EB) and Hoechst staining. Molecular dockingstudies revealed that PG could bind positively to the caspase-3 (breast cancer protein 1RE1) binding site with a binding energy score of 17.37 kcal/mol. Overall, the novel PG was found to be an anticancer drug for potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sudhakar
- PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Kalippatti, Namakkal, India
| | - C Shobana
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore, India
| | - T Selvankumar
- PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Kalippatti, Namakkal, India
| | - K Selvam
- PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Kalippatti, Namakkal, India
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17
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Safety Evaluation of Fungal Pigments for Food Applications. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090692. [PMID: 34575730 PMCID: PMC8466146 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigments play a major role in many industries. Natural colors are usually much safer when compared to synthetic colors and may even possess some medicinal benefits. Synthetic colors are economical and can easily be produced compared to natural colors. In addition, raw plant materials for natural colors are limited and season dependent. Microorganisms provide an alternative source for natural colors and, among them, fungi provide a wide range of natural colorants that could easily be produced cheaply and with high yield. Along with pigment, some microbial strains are also capable of producing a number of mycotoxins. The commercial use of microbial pigments relies on the safety of colorants. This review provides a toxicity evaluation of pigments from fungal origins for food application.
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18
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Biswas R, Sarkar A. A two-step approach for arsenic removal by exploiting an autochthonous Delftia sp. BAs29 and neutralized red mud. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:40665-40677. [PMID: 32939655 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater arsenic contamination represents a global threat to human health. Among the proposed bioremediation applications, microbial transformation of arsenite (As (III)) seems to be the most favorable approach as it can be easily coupled with several adsorption techniques, without producing lethal by-products or demanding chemical addition. This study highlights the potential contribution of a highly efficient As (III) transforming bacteria Delftia sp. BAs29 followed by the adsorption of transformed arsenate (As (V)) using neutralized red mud under suitable treatment conditions. Diverse experimental conditions elucidated (inflow As (III) concentrations, flow rate) the rate and oxidation efficiency to mediate the process. Red mud is a waste by-product from the Bayer's process of the alumina industry, which when neutralized aids the removal of As (V). The neutralized red mud was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) microanalysis, Scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Arsenate adsorption using neutralized red mud was also studied as a function of pH and time, adsorbent dosage, and initial As (V) concentration. The adsorption process was significantly affected by the solution pH, which on decreasing gradually increased the adsorption efficiency. The maximum monolayer capacity for adsorption of 274.1 mg/g As (V) was found at optimum conditions of pH 4.0 and a contact time of 30 min at a temperature of 30 °C, respectively. Furthermore, this process significantly contributed in fabricating a two-step bio-filter column for the removal of total arsenic from groundwater. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimi Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Angana Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, India.
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19
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Improved Sugar Recovery from Orange Peel by Statistical Optimization of Thermo-Alkaline Pretreatment. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Orange peel, which is a by-product of oranges, contains carbohydrates that can be converted into sugars and used in the fermentation process. In this study, the thermal alkaline pretreatment process was chosen because of its simplicity and lesser reaction time. In addition, the reaction factors were optimized using response surface methodology. The determined optimal conditions were as follows: 60.1 g/L orange peels loading, 3% KOH and 30 min. Under the optimal conditions, glucan content (GC) and enzymatic digestibility (ED) were found to be 32.8% and 87.8%, respectively. Enzymatic hydrolysis was performed with pretreated and non-pretreated orange peels using three types of enzyme complex (cellulase, cellobiase and xylanase). The minimum concentrations of enzyme complex required to obtain maximum ED were 30 FPU (filter paper unit), 15 CBU (cellobiase unit), and 30 XNU (xylanase unit) based on 1 g-biomass. Additionally, ED of the treated group was approximately 3.7-fold higher than that of the control group. In conclusion, the use of orange peel as a feedstock for biorefinery can be a strategic solution to reduce wastage of resources and produce sustainable bioproducts.
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20
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Padhan B, Poddar K, Sarkar D, Sarkar A. Production, purification, and process optimization of intracellular pigment from novel psychrotolerant Paenibacillus sp. BPW19. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 29:e00592. [PMID: 33537212 PMCID: PMC7840853 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pigment producing Paenibacillus sp. BPW19 was identified by phylogenetic analysis. Optimization of culture conditions for maximum biomass production. Psychrotolerant property of Paenibacillus sp. BPW19 was evaluated. Erucic acid occurred as major component in the extracted intracellular pigment.
A pink pigment-producing bacterial strain was isolated from wastewater and identified as Paenibacillus sp. BPW19. The motile bacterial strain was Gram-positive, acid fermenting, glucose, sucrose utilizing and rod-shaped with an average cell length of 1.55 μm as studied under the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope. Even though being psychrotolerant, the cell growth condition of BPW19 was optimized as 25 ºC along with pH 8, and 2.25% inoculum concentration considering the operational ease of the production. Sonication assisted solvent extraction produced 5.41% crude pigment which showed zones of exclusion against gram-negative strains Escherichia coli DH5α, Enterobacter sp. EtK3, and Klebsiella sp. SHC1. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis of the crude pigment exhibited the dominant presence of major compounds as dotriacontane; 3,7 dimethyl 7 octanal; 1-eicosene and erucic acid. While column chromatography (ethanol:chloroform in 1:4 (v/v) ratio) purified pigment was identified as erucic acid using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance with a net yield of 3.06%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyashree Padhan
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Kasturi Poddar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Debapriya Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Angana Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
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21
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A Novel Process for the Recovery of Betalains from Unsold Red Beets by Low-Temperature Enzyme-Assisted Extraction. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020236. [PMID: 33498835 PMCID: PMC7911046 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Food waste management plays a central role in the circular economy. To our knowledge, only a few studies have investigated the use of unsold fruit and vegetables from supermarkets as a substitute source for the extraction of natural colorants. Thus, the aim of this paper was to suggest a green, tailored protocol that avoids the use of organic solvents for the recovery of betalains from unsold red beets for use as a food colorant. The recovery of such pigments was carried out by a tailored enzymatic mix, blended considering the polysaccharide composition of the beetroot cell wall; thus, it consisted of: cellulase (37%), xylanase (35%), and pectinase (28%). The enzyme-assisted extraction protocol was optimized, and the most suitable conditions (in terms of pigment yield and color attributes) for the recovery of betalains from unsold beets appeared to be: 25 U/g total dose of enzymatic mix, temperature 25 °C, and processing time 240 min.
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22
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Poddar K, Padhan B, Sarkar D, Sarkar A. Purification and optimization of pink pigment produced by newly isolated bacterial strain Enterobacter sp. PWN1. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPigment-producing bacteria were isolated from kitchen wastewaters of the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela. A pink non-virulent bacterial strain PWN1 was selected based on the India Ink Broth and Coomassie Brilliant Blue (R-250) dye assay. According to morphological and biochemical characterization, the strain PWN1was a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile, non-coliform bacterium and could utilize only glucose and adonitol as sole carbon source. The pigment was found to be a growth-associated product, and the pigment production was accelerated after 40 h of bacterial culture. Further, 16S rRNA gene-based molecular identification showed its similarity with Enterobacter sp. The pigments were extracted by the solvent extraction method using chloroform and ethanol (3:1). The extracted pigments were then purified through thin-layer chromatography and column chromatography. To maximize pigment production, the culture condition was optimized for maximum biomass production using statistical software Design Expert v13. A quadratic model was structured describing the process efficiently and it suggested a moderate temperature, pH, and a high inoculum concentration which generated biomass of 3.81 ± 0.02 g/L. At optimized condition, 1 L of cell culture produced 3.77 g of biomass which produced a crude pigment of 0.234 g after solvent extraction and 0.131 g after column chromatography, implying a yield of 6.2% for crude pigment and 3.47% for purified pigment from biomass. The yield of the obtained pigment was high enough to draw interest for industrial production, although the application of the pigment is considerable for further study.
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Production of Bio-Based Pigments from Food Processing Industry By-Products (Apple, Pomegranate, Black Carrot, Red Beet Pulps) Using Aspergillus c arbonarius. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040240. [PMID: 33105686 PMCID: PMC7712229 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Food processing industry by-products (apple, pomegranate, black carrot, and red beet pulps) were evaluated as raw materials in pigment production by the filamentous fungi Aspergillus carbonarius. The effect of fermentation conditions (solid and submerged-state), incubation period (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 d), initial substrate pH (4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5), and pulp particle size (<1.4, 1.4–2.0, 2–4, and >4 mm) on fungal pigment production were tested to optimize the conditions. Pigment extraction analysis carried out under solid-state fermentation conditions showed that the maximum pigment production was determined as 9.21 ± 0.59 absorbance unit at the corresponding wavelength per gram (AU/g) dry fermented mass (dfm) for pomegranate pulp (PP) by A. carbonarius for 5 d. Moreover, the highest pigment production was obtained as 61.84 ± 2.16 AU/g dfm as yellowish brown at initial pH 6.5 with < 1.4 mm of substrate particle size for 15-d incubation period. GC×GC-TOFMS results indicate that melanin could be one of the main products as a pigment. SEM images showed that melanin could localize on the conidia of A. carbonarius.
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Dietary Fiber from Underutilized Plant Resources—A Positive Approach for Valorization of Fruit and Vegetable Wastes. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12135401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Agri-food industries generate enormous amounts of fruit and vegetable processing wastes, which opens up an important research area aimed towards minimizing and managing them efficiently to support zero wastes and/or circular economy concept. These wastes remain underutilized owing to a lack of appropriate processing technologies vital for their efficient valorization, especially for recovery of health beneficial bioactives like dietary fibers. Dietary fiber finds wide applications in food and pharmaceutical industries and holds high promise as a potential food additive and/or as a functional food ingredient to meet the techno-functional purposes important for developing health-promoting value-added products. Based on this, the present review has been designed to support ‘zero waste’ and ‘waste to wealth’ concepts. In addition, the focus revolves around providing updated information on various sustainability challenges incurred towards valorization of fruit and vegetable wastes for extraction of health promoting dietary fibers.
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Solid-state fermentation for single-cell protein enrichment of guava and cashew by-products and inclusion on cereal bars. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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