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Baskaran D, Dhamodharan D, Behera US, Byun HS. A comprehensive review and perspective research in technology integration for the treatment of gaseous volatile organic compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118472. [PMID: 38452912 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are harmful pollutants emitted from industrial processes. They pose a risk to human health and ecosystems, even at low concentrations. Controlling VOCs is crucial for good air quality. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the various methods used for controlling VOC abatement. The advancement of mono-functional treatment techniques, including recovery such as absorption, adsorption, condensation, and membrane separation, and destruction-based methods such as natural degradation methods, advanced oxidation processes, and reduction methods were discussed. Among these methods, advanced oxidation processes are considered the most effective for removing toxic VOCs, despite some drawbacks such as costly chemicals, rigorous reaction conditions, and the formation of secondary chemicals. Standalone technologies are generally not sufficient and do not perform satisfactorily for the removal of hazardous air pollutants due to the generation of innocuous end products. However, every integration technique complements superiority and overcomes the challenges of standalone technologies. For instance, by using catalytic oxidation, catalytic ozonation, non-thermal plasma, and photocatalysis pretreatments, the amount of bioaerosols released from the bioreactor can be significantly reduced, leading to effective conversion rates for non-polar compounds, and opening new perspectives towards promising techniques with countless benefits. Interestingly, the three-stage processes have shown efficient decomposition performance for polar VOCs, excellent recoverability for nonpolar VOCs, and promising potential applications in atmospheric purification. Furthermore, the review also reports on the evolution of mathematical and artificial neural network modeling for VOC removal performance. The article critically analyzes the synergistic effects and advantages of integration. The authors hope that this article will be helpful in deciding on the appropriate strategy for controlling interested VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Baskaran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Jeonnam 59626, South Korea; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai-600077, India
| | - Duraisami Dhamodharan
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd, University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Uma Sankar Behera
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Jeonnam 59626, South Korea
| | - Hun-Soo Byun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Jeonnam 59626, South Korea.
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Samdan C. Synthesis and characterization of cylindrical electrode with sucrose binder as advanced electrode materials for copper 3D-electro-oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:99511-99528. [PMID: 37612557 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
This study produced a biomass-based cylindrical electrode containing sucrose (an organic binder). The Cu2+ removal performance of the synthesized sucrose-bonded cylindrical electrode was evaluated in a 3-phase 3-dimensional electro-oxidation reactor (3D-EO) and the classical electro-oxidation method (2D-EO). Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDs) was grafted onto activated carbon and used as microelectrode in 3D-EO reactors. SDs grafting resulted in a 57% reduction in the micropores of activated carbon. Therefore, the surface area of carbon after grafting decreased from 1328 m2/g to 580 m2/g. The sucrose-bonded cylindrical electrode has a rich carbon structure and consists of 84.04 wt% C, 12.10 wt% O and 3.20 wt%Si. According to CV measurement, the sucrose-bonded cylindrical electrode gives a surface reaction against Cu2+ at voltages lower than -0.62 V. Increasing the potential difference from 1V to 3V in 2D-EO and 3D-EO processes led to the removal of Cu2+ from the solution. The 3D-EO reactor achieved a removal rate of 87.12% at 3V. The 100 ppm solution was treated with a 3D-EO reactor containing 6 g/L of PC/SDs400Ws for 60 min, successfully removing 91.22% of Cu2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Samdan
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Chemical Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey.
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AlJaberi FY, Ahmed SA, Makki HF, Naje AS, Zwain HM, Salman AD, Juzsakova T, Viktor S, Van B, Le PC, La DD, Chang SW, Um MJ, Ngo HH, Nguyen DD. Recent advances and applicable flexibility potential of electrochemical processes for wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161361. [PMID: 36610626 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study examined >140 relevant publications from the last few years (2018-2021). In this study, classification was reviewed depending on the operation's progress. Electrocoagulation (EC), electrooxidation (EO), electroflotation (EF), electrodialysis (ED), and electro-Fenton (EFN) processes have received considerable attention. The type of action (individual or hybrid) for each electrochemical procedure was evaluated, and statistical analysis was performed to compare them as a new manner of reviewing cited papers providing a massive amount of information efficiently to the readers. Individual or hybrid operation progress of the electrochemical techniques is critical issues. Their design, operation, and maintenance costs vary depending on the in-situ conditions, as evidenced by surveyed articles and statistical analyses. This work also examines the variables affecting the elimination efficacy, such as the applied current, reaction time, pH, type of electrolyte, initial pollutant concentration, and energy consumption. In addition, owing to its efficacy in removing toxins, the hybrid activity showed a good percentage among the studies reviewed. The promise of each wastewater treatment technology depends on the type of contamination. In some cases, EO requires additives to oxidise the pollutants. EF and EFN eliminated lightweight organic pollutants. ED has been used to treat saline water. Compared to other methods, EC has been extensively employed to remove a wide variety of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forat Yasir AlJaberi
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Muthanna University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq.
| | - Shaymaa A Ahmed
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hasan F Makki
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Samir Naje
- College of Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim Province, 51001 Babylon, Iraq
| | - Haider M Zwain
- College of Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim Province, 51001 Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Dawood Salman
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Refining Engineering, College of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basra University, Iraq
| | - Tatjána Juzsakova
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Sebestyen Viktor
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - B Van
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 550000 Danang, Viet Nam; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 550000 Danang, Viet Nam.
| | - Phuoc-Cuong Le
- The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang, Danang 550000, Viet Nam.
| | - D Duong La
- Institute of Chemistry and Materials, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - S Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Um
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 442-760, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, HCM City 755414, Viet Nam.
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Samdan C, Bozkurt T. Optimization of the effect of microelectrodes on Ni 2+ removal in three-dimensional electrode system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:47311-47327. [PMID: 36738410 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25552-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated Ni+2 removal performance in 3DER reactors where electrocoagulation mechanisms and microelectrodes are used together. EDTA modification was carried out on the granule-activated carbon surface to increase the efficiency and affinity of microelectrodes against Ni+2 molecules. The grafting was examined using BET, FT-IR, SEM, EDS, and the elemental mapping methods. With the surface analyses made in this study, it was revealed that EDTA modification on granulated activated carbon was successfully performed. Also, 8.48%wt by mass of EDTA grafting on granular activated carbon was possible. EDTA functionalization did not affect the surface pore structures of CAC much. Under 10 V potential, 97.82% Ni removal efficiency was obtained with 2D in 35 min, while 96.69% removal in 10 min and 100% removal in 15 min were obtained in the 3D reactor. The Ni+2 removal mechanism in 3DER reactors has been determined to conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The k2 value obtained for 10 V (1.36 10-2) is 27 times the k2 value obtained for 5 V for 3DER reactors. In addition, using central composite design (CCD), operational parameters such as time, concentration, and potential difference affecting Ni+2 removal in 3DER reactors have been optimized. The most influential parameter is the applied voltage, followed by time and concentration. It has been determined that 3DER reactors using EDTA-modified microelectrodes are highly efficient and suitable for Ni+2 removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Samdan
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Chemical Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Tugce Bozkurt
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Chemical Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Fiori I, Santacruz W, Dionisio D, Motheo AJ. Electro-oxidation of tetracycline in ethanol-water mixture using DSA-Cl 2 anode and stimulating/monitoring the formation of organic radicals. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136487. [PMID: 36156319 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies reported a new strategy of electro-oxidation of organic compounds using methanol as solvent. Considering its well-known toxicity, this work sought to evaluate the use of ethanol as an alternative solvent for pollutants degradation. Therefore, thorough analyses were performed in order to evaluate tetracycline (TC) electro-oxidation using DSA-Cl2 anode in ethanol-H2O solutions. The effects of solvent mixture, pH and current density on the degradation efficiency were evaluated. TC degradation in methanol-water and ethanol-water media resulted in very close removals of 95% and 90%, respectively, after 15 min of electrolysis at 10 mA cm-2. In ethanol medium, the increase in current densities from 10 to 25 mA cm-2 did not lead to significant changes in removal efficiency. The variation of the initial pH of the solution showed that the best removal efficiencies were obtained at neutral pH resulting in TC removals up to 90%, which is actually related to the molecular structure of TC. Through analysis using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), the formation of radicals such as hydroxyethyl (CH3●CHOH), hydroxyl (●OH) and ethoxy (CH3CH2O●) were detected, which effectively contributed toward the pollutant oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Fiori
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, CEP, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - William Santacruz
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, CEP, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Dawany Dionisio
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, CEP, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Artur J Motheo
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, CEP, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil.
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Homogeneous Photo-Fenton Degradation and Mineralization of Model and Simulated Pesticide Wastewaters in Lab- and Pilot-Scale Reactors. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The homogeneous photocatalytic degradation of model pesticide clopyralid (CLPR) has been investigated under various experimental setups. Lab-scale experiments under UV-A radiation in an acidic environment showed that the degradation rate generally increased when increasing either Fe3+ or H2O2 concentration up to a point beyond which (i.e., 100 mg L−1 for peroxide or 7 mg L−1 for ferric ions) Fenton reagents had little or even detrimental effect on degradation. Thus, there is an optimum concentration of Fenton reagents for maximizing treatment performance, beyond which degradation rates are not enhanced. Excessive concentrations of peroxide and/or catalyst may (i) introduce unnecessary treatment costs, (ii) reduce performance due to scavenging effects, and (iii) raise environmental concerns associated with the disposal of, e.g., high concentrations of iron in the receiving water courses. Switching from UV-A to visible light led to similar rates of degradation, i.e., 86% and 82.2%, respectively, after 90 min of reaction, highlighting the potential of using renewable energy, i.e., natural sunlight, to drive the process. Treatment for 120 min also led to 90% mineralization and quantitative release of nitrogen originally present in the pesticide; this was also accompanied by complete elimination of eco-toxicity to Vibrio fischeri. Pilot-scale experiments were performed in a fountain-type reactor using a commercial pesticide formulation containing CLPR. Both the degradation and mineralization rates increased with increasing the intensity of the incident UV-A radiation from 1.88 to 4.03 mW cm−2. Experiments were also conducted with different liquid volumes, i.e., from 3 to 8 L. Illumination of 5 L wastewater resulted in 80% mineralization after 60 min and this only slightly decreased to 73% at 8 L. Overall, the findings underline the promising perspectives of the application of the treatment method in upgrading the quality of water and liquid waste containing pesticides.
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de Mello R, Motheo AJ, Sáez C, Rodrigo MA. Combination of granular activated carbon adsorption and electrochemical oxidation processes in methanol medium for benzene removal. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ansari M, Sharifian M, Farzadkia M. Removal of lindane in water by non-thermal plasma: Parametric optimization, kinetic study, energy yield evaluation, and toxicity assessment. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Su Y, Muller KR, Yoshihara-Saint H, Najm I, Jassby D. Nitrate Removal in an Electrically Charged Granular-Activated Carbon Column. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16597-16606. [PMID: 34874719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate removal from groundwater remains a challenge. Here, we report on the development of a flow-through, electrically charged, granular-activated carbon (GAC)-filled column, which effectively removes nitrate. In this system, the GAC functioned as an anode, while a titanium sheet acted as a cathode. The high removal rate of nitrate was achieved through a combination of electrosorption and electrochemical transformation to N2. The column could be readily regenerated in situ by reversing the polarity of the applied potential. We demonstrate that in the presence of chloride, the mechanism responsible for the observed nitrate removal involves a combination of electroadsorption of nitrate to the anodically charged GAC, electroreduction of nitrate to ammonium, and the oxidation of ammonium to N2 gas by reactive chlorine and other oxidative radicals (with nearly 100% N2 selectivity). Given the ubiquitous presence of chloride in groundwater, this method represents a ready, green, and sustainable treatment process with significant potential for the remediation of contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Su
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Katherine R Muller
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Hira Yoshihara-Saint
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Issam Najm
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - David Jassby
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Electro-Absorbers: A Comparison on Their Performance with Jet-Absorbers and Absorption Columns. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This work focuses on the removal of perchloroethylene (PCE) from gaseous streams using absorbers connected with electrolyzers. Two types of absorption devices (jet absorber and absorption column) were compared. In addition, it has been evaluated the different by-products generated when a simultaneous electrolysis with diamond anodes is carried out. PCE was not mineralized, but it was transformed into phosgene that mainly derivates into carbon tetrachloride. Trichloroacetic acid was also formed, but in much lower amounts. Results showed a more efficient absorption of PCE in the packed column, which it is associated to the higher gas–liquid contact surface. Jet absorber seems to favor the production of carbon tetrachloride in gaseous phase, whereas the packed column promotes a higher concentration of trichloroacetic acid in liquid. It was also evaluated the scale up of the electrolytic stage of these electro-absorption devices by using a stack with five perforated electrode packages instead of a single cell. Clarification of the effect of the applied current density on the speciation attained after the electrolysis of the absorbent has been attempted. Experiments reveal similar results in terms of PCE removal and a reduced generation of gaseous intermediates at lower current densities.
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