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Pan Y, Jia X, Ding R, Xia S, Zhu X. Interference of two typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the induced anti-grazing defense of Tetradesmus obliquus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 275:116263. [PMID: 38547727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) cause severe ecological impacts by contaminating natural water bodies, affecting various biological groups, and altering interspecies relationships and ecological functions. This study examined the effects of two typical PAHs, phenanthrene (Phe) and naphthalene (Nap), on the anti-grazing defense mechanisms of Tetradesmus obliquus, a primary producer in freshwater food chains. Four non-lethal concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg L-1) of Phe and Nap were tested and the population growth, photosynthetic capacity, pigment content, and morphological defense of T. obliquus were analyzed. The results indicated that Phe and Nap inhibited both the growth rate and formation of defensive colonies of T. obliquus induced by Daphnia grazing cues, and the inhibition ratio increased with concentration. Phe and Nap significantly shortened the defense colony formation time of T. obliquus. Phe and Nap significantly suppressed photosynthesis in the early stages; however, the photosynthetic efficiency recovered over time. These findings highlight the high sensitivity of grazing-induced colony formation in T. obliquus to Phe and Nap at non-lethal concentrations, which could affect the interactions between phytoplankton and zooplankton in aquatic ecosystems. Our study underscores the influence of Phe and Nap on the defense mechanisms of phytoplankton and the consequential effects on ecological interactions within freshwater ecosystems, providing insight into the complex impacts of pollutants on phytoplankton-zooplankton relationships. Therefore, it is necessary to consider interspecific interactions when assessing the potential negative effects of environmental pollutants on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqiang Pan
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xuanhe Jia
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Ruowen Ding
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Siyu Xia
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xuexia Zhu
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, 6 Xianxialing Road, Qingdao 266061, China.
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2
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Cao Y, Wang J, Xin M, Wang B, Lin C. Spatial distribution and partition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water and sediment of the southern Bohai Sea: Yellow River and PAH property influences. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 248:120873. [PMID: 37980864 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The marginal Bohai Sea, connected to the northwestern Pacific Ocean, is threatened by human activity. The Yellow River, the second largest river in China, drains large amounts of water, silts, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into the southern Bohai Sea; however, to what extent the Yellow River inputs influence the spatial distributions and partitions of PAHs in the southern Bohai Sea is not well known. Therefore, this study collected surface water, bottom water, and sediment samples from the southern Bohai Sea and analyzed them to examine the spatial distributions and partitions of 15 priority PAHs. The results showed that PAH concentrations ranged from 26.9 to 50.1 ng L-1 in surface water, 18.8 to 44.1 ng L-1 in bottom water, and 7.4 to 143.9 ng g-1 in sediment, with higher proportions of four-, five-, and six-ring PAHs in sediment than in water. PAH inputs from the Yellow River and sea coastal currents determined the spatial distribution of PAH concentrations in water and sediment, with an overall decrease from the estuary to the southeast. However, the solid dilution effect of input silts from the Yellow River and the liquid dilution effect of water from the Yellow River and Yellow Sea led to lower PAH concentrations in the water and sediment of the southern Bohai Sea than those in other areas of the Bohai Sea. PAH exchange between the atmosphere and seawater led to significantly higher individual PAH concentrations (except for acenaphthylene) in the surface water than in the bottom water, with ratios significantly related to the PAH n-octanol-water partition coefficient, organic carbon-water partition coefficient, and Henry's law constants. These parameters also determined PAH partitioning between the bottom water and sediment. Individual and total PAH concentrations in the sediment were significantly correlated with organic matter, clay, and silt contents. Therefore, the partitions and spatial distributions of PAHs in the southern Bohai Sea comprehensively depend on PAH properties, PAH inputs from the Yellow River and the atmosphere, sea currents, and seawater and sediment properties. The ecological risks posed by individual PAHs in both water and sediment were negligible or acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Cao
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Ming Xin
- The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 6 Xianxialing Road, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Baodong Wang
- The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 6 Xianxialing Road, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Chunye Lin
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Zhang Y, Lv W, Wang F, Niu X, Wang G, Wu X, Zhang X, Chen X. Room temperature in-situ preparation of hydrazine-linked covalent organic frameworks coated capillaries for separation and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Front Chem Sci Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-022-2252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Huang CW, Huang WY, Lin C, Li YL, Huang TP, Bui XT, Ngo HH. Ecological risk assessment and corrective actions for dioxin-polluted sediment in a chemical plant's brine water storage pond. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160239. [PMID: 36402325 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the known high toxicity of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs, or dioxins), there are few case studies of PCDD/Fs contamination in sediment and there remains much to learn regarding their ecological impact. In this study, we performed an environmental risk assessment of a brine water storage pond near a chemical plant with high PCDD/Fs pollution potential before and after corrective actions. We found PCDD/F accumulation in the pond's fish and crab from the brine water storage pond, and the PCDD/Fs concentrations in biota higher than Taiwan's food safety standard (3.5 pg-TEQ/g). Furthermore, we found a high degree of pollution using different indices, including contamination factor (CF), modified degree of contamination (mCd), and pollution index (PI), in the pond's sediment. Before corrective actions, we also found high risk in the PCDD/F contamination in the sediment using various biological risk indices, including potential ecological risk index (RI) and risk quotient (RQ). After the corrective actions, including institutional/engineering control and remediation, the CF, mCd, and PI had decreased by 20-41 % and RI and RQ by 41-56 %. In addition, despite the slight reduction of pollution and risk index values in the whole pond, significant reduction was observed in the sediment of highly polluted area A owing to the lower disturbing suction dredging. In conclusion, the corrective actions used in this study helped decrease the pollution and ecological risk associated with this site's PCDD/Fs polluted sediment to some extent, suggesting that contamination and risk could be reduced to acceptable levels if these corrective actions are continued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wei Huang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Huang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology, College of Maritime, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Lin Li
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Po Huang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology & Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Dept. Water Science & Technology, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
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Xie F, Cai G, Zhang D, Li G, Li H, Xu B, Zhang J, Wang J. Distribution, Source Apportionment and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Surface Sediments at the Basin Scale: A Case Study in Taihu Basin, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 110:27. [PMID: 36574080 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As a systematic research at basin scale, this study investigated the spatial distribution, source apportionment and ecological risks of eighteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments at different functional regions (rivers, lakes and reservoirs) from Taihu basin. Results showed that the mean values of 18 PAHs (defined as ∑18PAHs) in river sediments (1277 ng/g) was much higher than those observed in lake sediments (243 ng/g) and reservoir sediments (134 ng/g). The accumulation of PAHs in river sediments was largely impacted by the local social-economic development and energy consumption. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) and isomer ratios analysis of PAHs suggest that relative contributions to PAHs in sediments were 15% for gasoline and heavy oil combustion, 9% for oil spills, 30% for coal combustion, 23% for traffic source, and 23% for diagenetic source. Ecological risk assessment based upon risk quotient (RQ) method indicated that sediments at Taihu basin have suffered moderate risk of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazhi Xie
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Gege Cai
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Daode Zhang
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guolian Li
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haibin Li
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Baile Xu
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jiamei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Jizhong Wang
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Li JM, Yao CL, Lin WH, Surampalli RY, Zhang TC, Tseng TY, Kao CM. Toxicity determination, pollution source delineation, and microbial diversity evaluation of PAHs-contaminated sediments for an urban river. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10810. [PMID: 36433735 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Feng-Sang River is a metropolitan river in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. In this study, Feng-Sang River sediments were analyzed to investigate the distributions and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), potentially carcinogenic PAHs (TEQcarc ), and toxic equivalence quotient (TEQ) were applied to evaluate influences of PAHs on ecosystems and microbial diversities. Results indicate that PAHs concentrations varied between seasons and locations. The concentrations of ∑16 PAHs ranged from 73.6 to 603.8 ng/kg in dry seasons and from 2.3 to 199.3 ng/kg in wet seasons. This could be because of the flushing effect during wet seasons, which caused the movement and dilution of the PAH-contaminated sediments. Diagnostic ratio analysis infers that high PAHs levels were generated by combustion processes and vehicle traffic, and results from multivariate descriptive statistical analysis also demonstrate that the vehicular traffic pollution could be the major emission source of PAHs contamination. Comparisons of PAHs with SQGs indicate that PAHs concentrations in sediment were below the effects range low (ERL) values, and thus, the immediate threat to organisms might not be significant. The diagnostic ratio analyses are effective methods for PAH source appointment. The metagenomic assay results imply that sediments contained essential microbial species with eminent diversity. The detected PAH-degrading bacteria (Desulfatiglans, Dechloromonas, Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium, Rhodobacter, Clostridium, and Exiguobacterium) played a key role in PAHs biotransformation, and Dechloromonas and Rhodobacter had a higher relative abundance. Results of microbial diversity analyses indicate that the contaminated environment induced the changes of governing microbial groups in sediments. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Diagnostic ratio analyses are effective methods for PAHs source appointment. Microbial composition in sediments are highly affected by anthropogenic pollution. Combustion and vehicle traffic contribute to urban river sediments pollution by PAHs. Dechloromonas and Rhodobacter are dominant PAHs-degrading bacteria in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Min Li
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ling Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Han Lin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rao Y Surampalli
- Global Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Lenexa, Kansas, USA
| | - Tian C Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tsung-Yu Tseng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Kao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Zhang Y, Yin J, Qv Z, Chen H, Li H, Zhang Y, Zhu L. Deriving freshwater sediment quality guidelines of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using method of species sensitivity distribution and application for risk assessment. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119139. [PMID: 36155002 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment has long been of great concern because of their toxic effects to benthic organisms. Sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) are the basis to evaluate the potential ecological risks of PAHs in sediments. Species sensitivity distribution (SSD) has been widely applied in deriving water quality criteria, but seldom employed in SQGs. In this study, SSD was used to derive the freshwater SQGs for four representative PAHs (naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene) based on the sediment toxicity results. A linear relationship between the SQGs and octanol-water partition coefficient (log KOW) was developed, and applied to predict the SQGs of other twelve PAHs. The obtained SQGs were in the range of 0.46 - 1.79 mg/kg with a geometric mean of 0.97 mg/kg, which was proposed as the SQGs for total PAHs. Based on these SQGs, the risk quotients of PAHs in the sediments collected from Haihe River of China were calculated, and the toxic effects were also tested using three representative benthic organisms. As the risk quotients of the PAHs and heavy metals in the sediments were summed up, good correlations were found (p = 0.074 and 0.018) between them and the observed toxicities of the sediments. The SQGs developed for PAHs was promising in ecological risk assessment for contaminated freshwater sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation & Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation & Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhiqian Qv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation & Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Huijuan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation & Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation & Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation & Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation & Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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8
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Wang W, Xu J, Qu X, Lin D, Yang K. An improved method to predict polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface freshwater by reducing the input parameters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151597. [PMID: 34774943 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface freshwater are critical for understanding their spatio-temporal distribution, regulation effectiveness, and the subsequent health risks. In this study, by exploring the correlation of PAHs concentrations in surface freshwater (CPAHs) in China reported in the past twenty years with their emission (EPAHs), a novel relationship of CPAHs with EPAHs and PAHs properties (i.e., logKow and Sw) was established. For PAHs individual, percent sample deviation between the measured concentrations and the calculated concentrations are in the range of 18% to 48%, suggesting that the calculated concentrations of PAHs are well consistent with the measured PAHs concentration in surface freshwater. Moreover, spatial distribution of predicted PAHs concentrations in surface freshwater of China is also matched well with measured ones. Compared with other environmental models, the established relationships in this work can reduce the number of model parameters from dozens to three, as well as decrease percent sample deviation from several orders of magnitude to less than 50%. The established relationship of PAHs concentrations in surface freshwater with EPAHs, Sw, and logKow of PAHs, are valuable to facilitate the prediction of PAHs concentrations in surface freshwater by reducing monitoring costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jialu Xu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, China.
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Wang W, Xu J, Qu X, Lin D, Yang K. Current and Future Trends of Low and High Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Water and Sediments of China: Insights from Their Long-Term Relationships between Concentrations and Emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3397-3406. [PMID: 35235289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the temporal trend of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in China using data reported over the past 20 years. We found that the total concentrations of low molecular weight PAHs (CΣLPAHs) in surface water and sediments were positively correlated with their total emissions (EΣLPAHs), which increased between 2000 and 2008, then decreased until 2017. Additionally, the total concentrations of high molecular weight PAHs (C∑HPAHs) in surface water and sediments were positively correlated with their total emissions (EΣHPAHs), which increased significantly from 2000 to 2014 and then plateaued. Two future scenarios were assessed to explore C∑LPAHs and C∑HPAHs in surface water and sediments. PAH emissions were reduced by technological improvement in 2030 for coal consumption in Scenario 1 and for control of biomass burning in Scenario 2. Scenario 1 was more efficient than Scenario 2 in reducing C∑HPAHs in the surface water and sediments of China for the areas where CΣHPAHs in surface water exceeded the annual average standard (i.e., 30 ng L-1), with reductions of 38 and 24% in Scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. The observed relationships in this study can provide tools for emission reduction policies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jialu Xu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, China
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10
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Wang W, Qu X, Lin D, Yang K. Octanol-water partition coefficient (logK ow) dependent movement and time lagging of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from emission sources to lake sediments: A case study of Taihu Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117709. [PMID: 34243082 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the movement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from emission sources to sediments is important for achieving long-term pollution control of PAHs in sediments. In this study, by exploring the correlation of individual PAHs concentrations (CPAHs) in Taihu Lake sediments reported in the past twenty years with their annual emissions (EPAHs) in the lake region, it was observed that mean concentrations of PAHs with low logKow (i.e., logKow≤4.00) in Taihu Lake sediments were correlated best with their emissions without lagging between the sediment sampling time and the PAHs emitting time. However, for PAHs with middle logKow (i.e., 4.00<logKow≤4.57) or high logKow (i.e., logKow>4.57), their mean concentrations in sediments were correlated best with the emissions of PAHs emitted 1 or 2 years before the sediment sampling time. The longer lagging time of PAHs with middle or high logKow from emission sources to lake sediments could be attributed to their retardation in soils and river sediments around the lake. Moreover, the retardation in soils and river sediments is dependent on PAHs logKow and degradation half-life, indicating the dependence of PAHs concentration in sediments on their environmental behaviors, including sorption and degradation. Kow dependent movement and the time lagging observed in Taihu Lake for PAHs from emission sources to sediments could be valuable for developing measures to control PAHs, especially for congeners with high logKow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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