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Karkou E, Angelis-Dimakis A, Parlapiano M, Savvakis N, Siddique O, Vyrkou A, Sgroi M, Fatone F, Arampatzis G. Process innovations and circular strategies for closing the water loop in a process industry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:122748. [PMID: 39362161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
By implementing advanced wastewater treatment technologies coupled with digital tools, high-quality water is produced to be reused within the industry, enhancing process efficiency and closing loops. This paper investigates the impact of three innovation tools (process, circular and digital) in a Solvay chemical plant. Four technologies of the wastewater treatment plant "WAPEREUSE" were deployed, predicting their performance by process modelling and simulation in the PSM Tool. The environmental impact was assessed using Life Cycle Assessment and compared to the impact of the current industrial effluent discharge. The circularity level was assessed through three alternative closed-loop scenarios: (1) conventional treatment and discharge to sea (baseline), (2) conventional and advanced treatment by WAPEREUSE and discharge to sea, (3) conventional and advanced treatment by WAPEREUSE and industrial water reuse through cross-sectorial symbiotic network, where effluents are exchanged among the process industry, municipality and a water utility. Scenario 1 has the lowest pollutants' removal efficiency with environmental footprint of 0.93 mPt/m3. WAPEREUSE technologies decreased COD by 98.3%, TOC by 91.4% and nitrates by 94.5%. Scenario 2 had environmental footprint of 1.12 mPt/m3. The cross-sectorial symbiotic network on the industrial value chain resulted in higher industrial circularity and sustainability level, avoiding effluents discharge. Scenario 3 is selected as the best option with 0.72 mPt per m3, reducing the environmental footprint by 21% and 36% compared to Scenarios 1 and 2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Karkou
- School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece.
| | - Athanasios Angelis-Dimakis
- Department of Physical and Life Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, HD1 3DH, Huddersfield, United Kingdom.
| | - Marco Parlapiano
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 12, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Savvakis
- School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece
| | - Owais Siddique
- Department of Physical and Life Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, HD1 3DH, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia Vyrkou
- Department of Physical and Life Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, HD1 3DH, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Massimiliano Sgroi
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 12, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Francesco Fatone
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 12, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - George Arampatzis
- School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece
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2
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Karkou E, Teo CJ, Savvakis N, Poinapen J, Arampatzis G. Industrial circular water use practices through the application of a conceptual water efficiency framework in the process industry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:122596. [PMID: 39321677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Increased industrial water demand and resource depletion require the incorporation of sustainable and efficient water and wastewater management solutions in the industrial sector. Conventional and advanced treatment technologies, closed-water loops at different levels from an industrial process to collaborative networks among industries within the same or another sector and digital tools and services facilitate the materialization of circular water use practices. To this end, the scope of this paper is the application of the Conceptual Water Efficiency Framework (CWEF), which has been developed within the AquaSPICE project aspiring to enhance water circularity within industries in a holistic way. Four water-intensive process industries (two chemical industries, one oil refinery plant and one meat production plant) are examined, revealing its adaptability, versatility and flexibility according to the requirements of each use case. It is evident that the synergy of process, circular and digital innovations can promote sustainability, contribute to water conservation in the industry, elaborating a compact approach to be replicated from other industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Karkou
- School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece.
| | - Chuan Jiet Teo
- KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3430 BB, Nieuwegein, Netherlands; Institute of Environmental Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Strasse 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Savvakis
- School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece
| | - Johann Poinapen
- KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3430 BB, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - George Arampatzis
- School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece
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Chen K, Shi X, Zhang Z, Chen S, Ma J, Zheng T, Alfonso L. Using unsupervised learning to classify inlet water for more stable design of water reuse in industrial parks. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 89:1757-1770. [PMID: 38619901 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The water reuse facilities of industrial parks face the challenge of managing a growing variety of wastewater sources as their inlet water. Typically, this clustering outcome is designed by engineers with extensive expertise. This paper presents an innovative application of unsupervised learning methods to classify inlet water in Chinese water reuse stations, aiming to reduce reliance on engineer experience. The concept of 'water quality distance' was incorporated into three unsupervised learning clustering algorithms (K-means, DBSCAN, and AGNES), which were validated through six case studies. Of the six cases, three were employed to illustrate the feasibility of the unsupervised learning clustering algorithm. The results indicated that the clustering algorithm exhibited greater stability and excellence compared to both artificial clustering and ChatGPT-based clustering. The remaining three cases were utilized to showcase the reliability of the three clustering algorithms. The findings revealed that the AGNES algorithm demonstrated superior potential application ability. The average purity in six cases of K-means, DBSCAN, and AGNES were 0.947, 0.852, and 0.955, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Chen
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Suzhou Sujing Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd, 2 Weixin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shijun Chen
- Suzhou Sujing Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd, 2 Weixin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Ma
- Suzhou Sujing Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd, 2 Weixin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Zheng
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China E-mail:
| | - Leonardo Alfonso
- IHE Delft Institute of Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, The Netherlands
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He J, Xia S, Li W, Deng J, Lin Q, Zhang L. Resource recovery and valorization of food wastewater for sustainable development: An overview of current approaches. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119118. [PMID: 37769472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The food processing industry is one of the world's largest consumers of potable water. Agri-food wastewater systems consume about 70% of the world's fresh water and cause at least 80% of deforestation. Food wastewater is characterized by complex composition, a wide range of pollutants, and fluctuating water quality, which can cause huge environmental pollution problems if discharged directly. In recent years, food wastewater has attracted considerable attention as it is considered to have great prospects for resource recovery and reuse due to its rich residues of nutrients and low levels of harmful substances. This review explored and compared the sources and characteristics of different types of food wastewater and methods of wastewater treatment. Particular attention was paid to the different methods of resource recovery and reuse of food wastewater. The diversity of raw materials in the food industry leads to different compositional characteristics of wastewater, which determine the choice and efficiency of wastewater treatment methods. Physicochemical methods, and biological methods alone or in combination have been used for the efficient treatment of food wastewater. Current approaches for recycling and reuse of food wastewater include culture substrates, agricultural irrigation, and bio-organic fertilizers, recovery of high-value products such as proteins, lipids, biopolymers, and bioenergy to alleviate the energy crisis. Food wastewater is a promising substrate for resource recovery and reuse, and its valorization meets the current international policy requirements regarding food waste and environment protection, follows the development trend of the food industry, and is also conducive to energy conservation, emission reduction, and economic development. However, more innovative biotechnologies are necessary to advance the effectiveness of food wastewater treatment and the extent of resource recovery and valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinTao He
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - SuXuan Xia
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seasonings Green Manufacturing, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jing Deng
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - QinLu Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
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Elangovan B, Detchanamurthy S, Senthil Kumar P, Rajarathinam R, Deepa VS. Biotreatment of Industrial Wastewater using Microalgae: A Tool for a Sustainable Bioeconomy. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00971-0. [PMID: 37999921 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Fresh water is one of the essential sources of life, and its requirement has increased in the past years due to population growth and industrialization. Industries use huge quantities of fresh water for their processes, and generate high quantities of wastewater rich in organic matter, nitrates, and phosphates. These effluents have contaminated the freshwater sources and there is a need to recycle this wastewater in an ecologically harmless manner. Microalgae use the nutrients in the wastewater as a medium for growth and the biomass produced are rich in nutrition that can cater growing food and energy needs. The primary and secondary metabolites of microalgae are utilized as biofuel and as active ingredients in cosmetics, animal feed, therapeutics, and pharmaceutical products. In this review, we explore food processing industries like dairy, meat, aquaculture, breweries, and their wastewater for the microalgal growth. Current treatment methods are expensive and energy demanding, which indirectly leads to higher greenhouse gas emissions. Microalgae acts as a potential biotreatment tool and mitigates carbon dioxide due to their high photosynthetic efficiency. This review aims to address the need to recycle wastewater generated from such industries and potentiality to use microalgae for biotreatment. This will help to build a circular bioeconomy by using wastewater as a valuable resource to produce valuable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Elangovan
- R&D, Seagrass Tech Pvt. Ltd, Karaikal, 609604, Puducherry, India
| | | | - P Senthil Kumar
- Centre for Pollution Control and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, 605014, Puducherry, India.
| | - Ravikumar Rajarathinam
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600062, India
| | - Vijaykumar Sudarshana Deepa
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Tadepalligudem, 534101, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Kumkaew P, Suaisom P, Mukkata K, Koonaphapdeelert S, Sawatdeenarunat C, Nitayavardhana S. Biodecolorization of biogas plant effluent derived from anaerobically digested distillery wastewater by naturally selected Pseudomonas putida. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116807. [PMID: 37532210 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Effluent from biogas plants can contribute to serious environmental issues due to its high organic compound content and its dark color. This study utilizes Pseudomonas putida strains isolated from activated sludge in a wastewater treatment plant to reduce the organic compound content and dark color of biogas plant effluent. The treatment of effluent from the anaerobic digestion of distillery wastewater with P. putida in the best evaluated conditions (sample concentration of 50% v/v, agitation and aeration rates of 250 rpm and 1.0 vvm for 6 days) produced significant decolorization and organic removal efficacies of 34.29 ± 0.87% and 38.94 ± 0.63%, respectively. Bioremediation efficiency was dependent on bacterial growth, and the organic content and dissolved oxygen in the sample during cultivation were key factors in bacterial growth. The naturally selected bacterium could tolerate relatively high levels of organic content and work synergistically with other indigenous microorganisms found in the biogas plant effluent. Therefore, the bioremediation of biogas plant effluent using naturally selected P. putida can feasibly be applied in biogas power plants where sterilization is not necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponruedee Kumkaew
- Master's Degree Program in Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Pitchaya Suaisom
- Energy Research and Development Institute - Nakornping, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Mukkata
- Energy Research and Development Institute - Nakornping, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sirichai Koonaphapdeelert
- Energy Research and Development Institute - Nakornping, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chayanon Sawatdeenarunat
- Asian Development College for Community Economy and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand
| | - Saoharit Nitayavardhana
- Energy Research and Development Institute - Nakornping, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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7
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Lejwoda P, Białecka B, Thomas M. Removal of phosphate from brewery wastewater by cerium(III) chloride originating from spent polishing agent: Recovery and optimization studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162643. [PMID: 36889387 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the possibility of using hydrated cerium(III) chloride (CeCl3∙7H2O) recovered from a spent polishing agent containing cerium(IV) dioxide (CeO2) to remove phosphate and other impurities from brewery wastewater (phosphate 43.0 mg/L, total P 19.8 mg/L, pH 7.5, COD(Cr) 827 mg O2/L, TSS 630 mg/L, TOC 130 mg/L, total N 46 mg/L, turbidity 390 NTU, colour 170 mg Pt/L. CCD (Central Composite Design) and RSM (Response Surface Methodology) were applied to optimise the brewery wastewater treatment process. The removal efficiency (mainly of PO43-) was the highest under optimal conditions (pH 7.0-8.5, Ce3+:PO43- molar ratio of 1.5-2.0). Applying recovered CeCl3 under optimal conditions yielded a treated effluent in which the concentration of PO43- decreased by 99.86 %, total P by 99.56 %, COD(Cr) by 81.86 %, TSS by 96.67 %, TOC by 60.38 %, total N by 19.24 %, turbidity by 98.18 %, and colour by 70.59 %. The Ce3+ ion concentration in the treated effluent was 0.058 mg/L. These findings suggest that CeCl3‧7H2O recovered from the spent polishing agent may constitute an optional reagent for phosphate removal from brewery wastewater. The sludge from wastewater treatment can be recycled for Ce and P recovery. The recovered cerium can be reused for wastewater treatment, creating a cyclic cerium cycle in the process, and the recovered phosphorus can be used, for example, for fertilization purposes. The optimised cerium recovery and application is in accordance with the ideas of circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Lejwoda
- Central Mining Institute in Katowice, Department of Environmental Monitoring, Plac Gwarków 1, Katowice 40-166, Poland.
| | - Barbara Białecka
- Central Mining Institute in Katowice, Department of Environmental Monitoring, Plac Gwarków 1, Katowice 40-166, Poland
| | - Maciej Thomas
- Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Warszawska 24, Cracow 31-155, Poland
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Cagno E, Garrone P, Negri M, Rizzuni A. Adoption of water reuse technologies: An assessment under different regulatory and operational scenarios. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115389. [PMID: 35653847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water reuse technologies may alleviate the water scarcity problems that affect many world regions, but their adoption is still limited. In particular, key actors in the adoption of water reuse technologies are water utilities, that provide both urban water and wastewater treatment services. Water utilities are embedded in the urban water system, which includes several stakeholders (urban water users, citizens at large, the environment) that may drive or pose barriers to water reuse adoption. Therefore, to ensure a smooth introduction of water reuse technologies, it is fundamental to understand how water reuse interacts with the existing urban water system and impacts its stakeholders. This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on water reuse by conceptualizing the interaction between water reuse technologies and the urban water system and its stakeholders, and addressing the adoption decision of water utilities by assessing its economic and environmental consequences. Based on a review of literature, policy and other secondary documents, and on primary data coming from interviews with experts from a water utility operating in Southern Italy, the study models the utility's response to a shift from urban to reuse water. It then simulates how reuse water introduction impacts on the utility and other stakeholders of the water system, under various regulatory and operational scenarios defined through a thorough analysis of policy documents and literature. Results show that the adoption of water reuse reduces the utility's margin by cannibalizing urban water demand, but appropriate policy measures may enhance the economic sustainability of reuse. System-level performances, such as impact on freshwater savings, costs for users, effects on the public budget, are also assessed, showing how different regulatory options moderate the intensity of impacts for the different stakeholders of the water system. Furthermore, the adoption of reuse water by the most distant users is found to enhance the economic sustainability of reuse and positively impact the utility's margin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Cagno
- Department of Management, Economics and Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini, 4/B, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Garrone
- Department of Management, Economics and Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini, 4/B, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Negri
- Department of Management, Economics and Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini, 4/B, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Rizzuni
- Department of Management, Economics and Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini, 4/B, 20156, Milan, Italy.
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Application of an efficient, cost-effective and newly developed single-process SAO/PND technology for treating brewery industry effluent. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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10
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Goutam Mukherjee A, Ramesh Wanjari U, Chakraborty R, Renu K, Vellingiri B, George A, C R SR, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A. A review on modern and smart technologies for efficient waste disposal and management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113347. [PMID: 34314963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the current scenario, the word waste management holds much importance in every individual's life. Pollution and the generation of vast waste quantities with no proper waste management process have become one of humanity's biggest threats. This review article provides a complete review of the innovative technologies currently employed to handle and dispose of the waste successfully. This work aims to include the different solid, liquid, gaseous, and radioactive waste management processes. The novel and improved plasma gasification concepts, transmutation, incineration, bio-refineries, microbial fuel cells (MFC) have been thoroughly explained. In addition, some new techniques like Mr. Trash Wheel and the Smart bin approach provide much hope of adequately managing waste. The work's novelty lies in adopting several successful methods of various countries for waste disposal and management. To incorporate or improve India'sIndia's same techniques and processes, we have to tackle the ever-increasing waste disposal problems and find economic and eco-friendly ways of waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biosciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biochemistry, Kamla Nehru Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, 440024, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rituraj Chakraborty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, 680005, Kerala, India
| | - Sundara Rajan C R
- VIT Business School, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Duque AF, Campo R, Val del Rio A, Amorim CL. Wastewater Valorization: Practice around the World at Pilot- and Full-Scale. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189466. [PMID: 34574414 PMCID: PMC8472693 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been rebranded as water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs), which recognize the resource recovery potential that exists in wastewater streams. WRRFs contribute to a circular economy by not only producing clean water but by recovering valuable resources such as nutrients, energy, and other bio-based materials. To this aim, huge efforts in technological progress have been made to valorize sewage and sewage sludge, transforming them into valuable resources. This review summarizes some of the widely used and effective strategies applied at pilot- and full-scale settings in order to valorize the wastewater treatment process. An overview of the different technologies applied in the water and sludge line is presented, covering a broad range of resources, i.e., water, biomass, energy, nutrients, volatile fatty acids (VFA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and exopolymeric substances (EPS). Moreover, guidelines and regulations around the world related to water reuse and resource valorization are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk F. Duque
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 1099-085 Lisboa, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 1099-085 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Riccardo Campo
- DICEA—Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via di S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Angeles Val del Rio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CRETUS Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, E-15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Catarina L. Amorim
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-226-196-200
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Abstract
Biological wastewater treatment processes such as activated sludge and anaerobic digestion remain the most favorable when compared to processes such as chemical precipitation and ion exchange due to their cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, ease of operation, and low maintenance. Since Abattoir Wastewater (AWW) is characterized as having high organic content, anaerobic digestion is slow and inadequate for complete removal of all nutrients and organic matter when required to produce a high-quality effluent that satisfies discharge standards. Multi-integrated systems can be designed in which additional stages are added before the anaerobic digester (pre-treatment), as well as after the digester (post-treatment) for nutrient recovery and pathogen removal. This can aid the water treatment plant effluent to meet the discharge regulations imposed by the legislator and allow the possibility for reuse on-site. This review aims to provide information on the principles of anaerobic digestion, aeration pre-treatment technology using enzymes and a hybrid membrane bioreactor, describing their various roles in AWW treatment. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification are essential to add after anaerobic digestion for nutrient recovery utilizing a single step process. Nutrient recovery has become more favorable than nutrient removal in wastewater treatment because it consumes less energy, making the process cost-effective. In addition, recovered nutrients can be used to make nutrient-based fertilizers, reducing the effects of eutrophication and land degradation. The downflow expanded granular bed reactor is also compared to other high-rate anaerobic reactors, such as the up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and the expanded granular sludge bed reactor (EGSB).
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Treatment of Effluent of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Bioreactor for Water Reuse. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13152123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The low-pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) process is a recent development of reverse osmosis (RO) technology for the reduction in RO energy consumption and operation cost. The goal of this study was to investigate the performance of LPRO processes for the treatment and reuse of effluent discharged from brewery upflow anaerobic sludge blanket bioreactors (UASB). In this study, three different commercially available LPRO membranes were tested to evaluate the water quality that can be achieved under different operational and pretreatment conditions. It was found that the filtration performance and the effluent quality of the LPRO membranes can be considerably affected by the operation conditions and the selection of the pretreatment processes. The ultrafiltration (UF) pretreatment and the control of the operation pressure were found to be essential for mitigating LPRO membrane fouling, which could be caused by Ca2+ associated precipitates and organic gelation, in the treatment of the brewery UASB effluent. Water quality analyses showed that an integrated process of the UASB + UF + LPRO could achieve an effluent quality characterized by concentrations of 10.4–12.5 mg/L of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 1.8–2.1 mg/L of total nitrogen (TN), 1.3–1.8 mg/L of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and 0.8–1.2 mg/L of total phosphorus (TP). The effluent quality and the LPRO performance could be further improved by adding a granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption process between the UF and LPRO processes, which reduced the concentration of COD to 7–10 mg/L and those of TN, TP, NH3-N to below 1 mg/L. For the treatment of the UASB effluent tested in this study, the UF, UF + GAC (retention time 4 hrs), UF + LPRO, and UF + GAC + LPRO, respectively, achieved overall COD removal efficiencies of 89.6–93.7%, 94.5–96.7%, 99.3–99.1% and 99.3–99.4%; TN removal efficiencies of 73.0–78.2%, 89.2–97.2%, 97.1–98.2% and 94.3–99.7%; and TP removal efficiencies of 29.3–46.2%, 77.0–95.4%, 95.9–97.6z% and 98.0–98.3%. This study showed that both UASB + UF + LPRO and UASB + UF + GAC + LPRO are effective treatment processes for treating brewery wastewater toward reuse water quality standards set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Therefore, the results of this study would help to answer whether a LPRO can treat the brewery UASB effluent to meet the requirements of wastewater reuse standards.
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Ratna S, Rastogi S, Kumar R. Current trends for distillery wastewater management and its emerging applications for sustainable environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 290:112544. [PMID: 33862317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol distillation generates a huge volume of unwanted chemical liquid known as distillery wastewater. Distillery wastewater is acidic, dark brown having high biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, contains various salt contents, and heavy metals. Inadequate and indiscriminate disposal of distillery wastewater deteriorates the quality of the soil, water, and ultimately groundwater. Its direct exposure via food web shows toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects on aquatic-terrestrial organisms including humans. So, there is an urgent need for its proper management. For this purpose, a group of researchers applied distillery wastewater for fertigation while others focused on its physico-chemical, biological treatment approaches. But until now no cutting-edge technology has been proposed for its effective management. So, it becomes imperative to comprehend its toxicity, treatment methods, and implication for environmental sustainability. This paper reviews the last decade's research data on advanced physico-chemical, biological, and combined (physico-chemical and biological) methods to treat distillery wastewater and its reuse aspects. Finally, it revealed that the combined methods along with the production of value-added products are one of the best options for distillery wastewater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Ratna
- Rhizosphere Biology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, India.
| | - Swati Rastogi
- Rhizosphere Biology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Rhizosphere Biology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, India
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