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Pehlivan U, Ozdemir S, Ozer H, Dede OH. Fuel properties and incineration behavior of poultry litter blended with sweet sorghum bagasse and pyrolysis oil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 357:120844. [PMID: 38579469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The incineration of poultry litter (PL) effectively reduces the volume of waste in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal of "affordable and clean energy". However, mono-incineration is associated with considerable challenges due to the varying moisture, structural and chemical composition and low energy yield. The aim of the present work was to investigate the influence of sweet sorghum bagasse (SS) and pyrolysis oil (PO) on improving the fuel properties of PL and mitigating ash related burdens during incineration. The different biomass feedstocks were produced by combining PL with SS at 0.0% (T0), 25% (T1), 50% (T2), 75% (T3) and compared with 100% SS (T4). In order to achieve high energy potential and low ash deposition, the parallel samples were additionally mixed with 10% PO to improve the energy value. The experimental results show that increasing the proportion of SS and adding PO to the mixtures increases the volatile matter and decreases the moisture and ash content. The addition of PO also increases the carbon and hydrogen content. The use of SS and PO thus increased the values of the ignitability index and apparently also the flammability by 30.0%-49.4% compared to pure PL. SS and PO shifted the HHV of the starting material from 16.90 to 18.78 MJ kg-1. In addition, SS + PO improved the flame volume and red color intensity of the PL blends based on the image analysis method. However, the presence of SS and PO did not sufficiently improve the ash-related index values, which requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umit Pehlivan
- Department of Renewable Energy Systems, Institute of Natural Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187, Esentepe, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Saim Ozdemir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sakarya University, 54187, Esentepe, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Hasan Ozer
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sakarya University, 54187, Esentepe, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Omer Hulusi Dede
- Department of Environmental Protection Technologies, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, 54040, Esentepe, Sakarya, Turkey.
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Gadhi T, Mahar RB, Qureshi TA, Bawani MR, Khokhar DA, Pinjaro MA, Ansari I, Bonelli B. Valorization of Textile Sludge and Cattle Manure Wastes into Fuel Pellets and the Assessment of Their Combustion Characteristics. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:456-463. [PMID: 38222515 PMCID: PMC10785078 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The textile wastewater sludge (TWS) treatment and disposal are environmentally challenging due to toxic organics and metals. At the same time, cattle manure (CM), with better combustion performance, i.e., calorific value and uniform burning capability, is still underutilized in many parts of the world. This study evaluated and assessed the TWS and CM blending compatibility to convert them into fuel pellets for the direct combustion option and to stabilize toxic contaminants in TWS. After initial drying, grinding, and particle size control of the raw TWS and CM, both were blended at different ratios. The blended and nonblended TWS and CM samples were converted into pellets and analyzed for proximate and ultimate analyses, namely, moisture content, fixed carbon, CHNO, gross calorific value (GCV), bulk density, ash content, and metals, to evaluate the efficacy for energy applications. Out of three blended ratios, i.e., 75:25 (W/W%; CM/TWS), 50:50, and 25:75, the 75:25 blended pellet composition was found appropriate for fuel application. For the 75:25 blend, the obtained GCV was 12.77 MJ/kg, elemental carbon was 27.5%, volatiles were 41.7%, and residue ash was 42.8% of the total weight. Moreover, the blending ratios of 75:25 and 50:50 revealed that elemental and metal (Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Na, Mg, Mn) concentrations in TWS were stabilized to below threshold limits in the obtained residue ash for safe handling. The explored methods of TWS and CM waste processing, blending, and pelletization proposed a new technique for their sustainable waste valorization into energy sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer
A. Gadhi
- U.S.
Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water (USPCASW), Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan
| | - Rasool Bux Mahar
- U.S.
Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water (USPCASW), Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan
| | - Tayyab A. Qureshi
- Aror
University of Art, Architecture, Design and Heritage, Sukkur 65170, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Raheel Bawani
- Department
of Mining Engineering, Mehran University
of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan
| | - Danish A. Khokhar
- U.S.
Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water (USPCASW), Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan
| | - Munawar A. Pinjaro
- Department
of Mining Engineering, Mehran University
of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ansari
- Department
of Energy and Environment, GSESIT Hamdard
University, Karachi 75300, Pakistan
| | - Barbara Bonelli
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, and INST Unit of Torino-Politecnico, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
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Zidanes UL, das Chagas CM, Lorenço MS, da Silva Araujo E, Dias MC, Setter C, Braz RL, Mori FA. Utilization of rice production residues as a reinforcing agent in bioadhesives based on polyphenols extracted from the bark of trees from the Brazilian Cerrado biome. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127813. [PMID: 37935293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The scarcity of nonrenewable resources and the increase in environmental pollution have intensified the search for materials that exhibit specific characteristics and are nontoxic, renewable, and sustainable. Thus, the objective of this work was to produce natural polyphenol adhesives reinforced with rice husk and its ash to increase the mechanical resistance and moisture resistance of the glue line in wood bonded joints. Polyphenols were extracted from the bark of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (barbatimão). Adhesives were produced with a 50 % solid and 50 % liquid composition. Rice husk and husk ash underwent X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF). Adhesives and reinforcement material were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The adhesives were glued in a mechanical press in specimens made of Pinus elliottii, which were subjected to shear testing of the wet and dry glue line. As a result, the chemical components present in rice husk and its ash positively influenced the properties of the adhesives. The mechanical glue line shear test showed that the adhesive reinforced with rice husk ash did not show a statistically significant difference. However, natural adhesives based on polyphenols from barbatimão strengthened with rice husk and ash showed improved properties, demonstrating how much it pays to use the residue of rice production to reinforce the matrix of tannin adhesives. Thus, it can be determined that reinforcement with rice husk and ash is efficient in improving some properties of natural adhesives based on polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uasmim Lira Zidanes
- Department of Forest Science, Federal University of Lavras, C.P.3037, 37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Camila Maria das Chagas
- Department of Forest Science, Federal University of Lavras, C.P.3037, 37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Lorenço
- Department of Forest Science, Federal University of Lavras, C.P.3037, 37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Matheus Cordazzo Dias
- Department of Forest Engineering, State University of Amapá, AP. Av. Pres. Vargas, 650- Central, Macapá, AP 68900-070, Brazil
| | - Carine Setter
- Department of Forest Science, Federal University of Lavras, C.P.3037, 37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Leite Braz
- Department of Forest Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, C.P. 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fábio Akira Mori
- Department of Forest Science, Federal University of Lavras, C.P.3037, 37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Resende DR, da Silva Araujo E, Lorenço MS, Lira Zidanes U, Akira Mori F, Fernando Trugilho P, Lúcia Bianchi M. Use of neural network and multivariate statistics in the assessment of pellets produced from the exploitation of agro-industrial residues. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:71882-71893. [PMID: 35606590 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The production of pellets from residual biomass generated monocropping by Brazilian agribusiness is an environmentally and economically interesting alternative in view of the growing demand for clean, low-cost, and efficient energy. In this way, pellets were produced with sugarcane bagasse and coffee processing residues, in different proportions with charcoal fines, aiming to improve the energy properties and add value to the residual biomass. The pellets had their properties compared to the commercial quality standard. Artificial neural networks and multivariate statistical models were used to validate the best treatments for biofuel production. The obtained pellets presented the minimum characteristics required by DIN EN 14961-6. However, the sugarcane bagasse biomass distinguished itself for use in energy pellets, more specifically, the treatment with 20% of fine charcoal because of its higher net calorific value (17.85 MJ·kg-1) and energy density (13.30 GJ·m-3), achieving the characteristics required for type A pellets in commercial standards. The statistical techniques were efficient and grouped the treatments with similar properties, as well as validated the sugarcane biomass mixed with charcoal fines for pellet production. Thus, these results demonstrate that waste charcoal fines mixed with agro-industrial biomass have great potential to integrate the production chain for energy generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieimes Ribeiro Resende
- School of Agricultural Sciences of Lavras, Federal University of Lavras, PO Box 3037, Lavras, MG, 372000-900, Brazil.
| | - Elesandra da Silva Araujo
- School of Agricultural Sciences of Lavras, Federal University of Lavras, PO Box 3037, Lavras, MG, 372000-900, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Lorenço
- School of Agricultural Sciences of Lavras, Federal University of Lavras, PO Box 3037, Lavras, MG, 372000-900, Brazil
| | - Uasmim Lira Zidanes
- School of Agricultural Sciences of Lavras, Federal University of Lavras, PO Box 3037, Lavras, MG, 372000-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio Akira Mori
- School of Agricultural Sciences of Lavras, Federal University of Lavras, PO Box 3037, Lavras, MG, 372000-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Fernando Trugilho
- School of Agricultural Sciences of Lavras, Federal University of Lavras, PO Box 3037, Lavras, MG, 372000-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Bianchi
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, PO Box 3037, Lavras, MG, 372000-900, Brazil
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Núñez-Delgado A, Dominguez JR, Zhou Y, Race M. New trends on green energy and environmental technologies, with special focus on biomass valorization, water and waste recycling: editorial of the special issue. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 316:115209. [PMID: 35533594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this editorial piece, the Editors of the Virtual Special Issue (VSI) "New Trends on Green Energy and Environmental Technologies, with Special Focus on Biomass Valorization, Water and Waste Recycling", present summarized data corresponding to the accepted submissions, as well as additional comments regarding the thematic of the VSI. Overall, 83 manuscripts were received, with final publication of those having the highest quality, accepted after peer-reviewing. The Editors think that the result is a set of very interesting papers that increase the knowledge on the matter, and which would be useful for researchers and the whole society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avelino Núñez-Delgado
- Dept. Soil Sci. and Agric. Chem., Univ. Santiago de Compostela, Engineering Polytech. School, Campus Univ. S/n, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Joaquín R Dominguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Physical Chemistry, University of Extremadura, Spain
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Marco Race
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via di Biasio 43, 03043, Cassino, Italy
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Ibitoye SE, Jen TC, Mahamood RM, Akinlabi ET. Densification of agro-residues for sustainable energy generation: an overview. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:75. [PMID: 34414064 PMCID: PMC8363485 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00427-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The global demand for sustainable energy is increasing due to urbanization, industrialization, population, and developmental growth. Transforming the large quantities of biomass resources such as agro-residues/wastes could raise the energy supply and promote energy mix. Residues of biomass instituted in the rural and industrial centers are enormous, and poor management of these residues results in several indescribable environmental threats. The energy potential of these residues can provide job opportunities and income for nations. The generation and utilization of dissimilar biomass as feedstock for energy production via densification could advance the diversity of energy crops. An increase in renewable and clean energy demand will likely increase the request for biomass residues for renewable energy generation via densification. This will reduce the environmental challenges associated with burning and dumping of these residues in an open field. Densification is the process of compacting particles together through the application of pressure to form solid fuels. Marketable densification is usually carried out using conventional pressure-driven processes such as extrusion, screw press, piston type, hydraulic piston press, roller press, and pallet press (ring and flat die). Based on compaction, densification methods can be categorized into high-pressure, medium-pressure, and low-pressure compactions. The common densification processes are briquetting, pelletizing, bailing, and cubing. They manufacture solid fuel with desirable fuel characteristics-physical, mechanical, chemical, thermal, and combustion characteristics. Fuel briquettes and pellets have numerous advantages and applications both in domestic and industrial settings. However, for biomass to be rationally and efficiently utilized as solid fuel, it must be characterized to determine its fuel properties. Herein, an overview of the densification of biomass residues as a source of sustainable energy is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segun E. Ibitoye
- grid.412988.e0000 0001 0109 131XDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 South Africa ,grid.412974.d0000 0001 0625 9425Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Tien-Chien Jen
- grid.412988.e0000 0001 0109 131XDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 South Africa
| | - Rasheedat M. Mahamood
- grid.412988.e0000 0001 0109 131XDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 South Africa ,grid.412974.d0000 0001 0625 9425Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Esther T. Akinlabi
- grid.412988.e0000 0001 0109 131XDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 South Africa ,Directorate, Pan African University for Life and Earth Sciences Institute, Ibadan, Nigeria
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