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Yan X, Xia Y, Zhao X, Ti C, Xia L, Chang SX, Yan X. Coupling nitrogen removal and watershed management to improve global lake water quality. Nat Commun 2025; 16:2182. [PMID: 40038252 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-57442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2025] [Indexed: 03/06/2025] Open
Abstract
Lakes play a vital role in nitrogen (N) removal and water quality improvement, yet their efficiency varies due to differing watershed N input and lake characteristics, complicating management efforts. Here we established the N budget for 5768 global lakes using a remote sensing model. We found that watershed N input reduction and lake water quality improvement are nonlinearly related and depends on lake N removal efficiency. A 30% reduction in N loading in watersheds with high N removal efficiencies can improve cumulative water quality by over 70%. Stricter reduction could accelerate achieving water quality goal (≤1 mg N L-1), shortening the time by up to 30 years for most lakes. However, heavily polluted lakes with low N removal efficiencies (50 of 534 lakes with >1 mg N L-1) may not achieve the UN's clean water SDG by 2030, even with a 100% N input reduction. Our research highlights the need for targeted N management strategies to improve global lake water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yongqiu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, PR China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Xu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chaopu Ti
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Longlong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiaoyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, PR China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, PR China.
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Askar MH, Hanrahan BR, King KW, Stinner JH. Field-scale nutrient loss assessment following cover crop and manure rate change. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 337:117709. [PMID: 36989919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication due to elevated nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loss from croplands remains one of the most pressing water quality issues throughout the world. Understanding the effect of implementing conservation management practices is critical for meeting nutrient reduction goals as well as informing conservation programs and policies. A before-after-control-impact (BACI) analysis was used to evaluate the individual and combined effect of cover crops and manure application rate on discharge and nutrient loss using six water years (WY2014-WY2019) of measured data across four distinct drainage zones (1X-NCC; 1X-CC; 2X-NCC; 2X-CC) within an Ohio, USA, crop production field. White mustard significantly reduced mean monthly nitrate (NO3--N) concentration regardless of manure application rate (i.e., 65 m3 ha-1 and 130 m3 ha-1). However, neither the use of white mustard, doubling manure rate, or the combination of the two had a significant impact on mean monthly drainage discharge, dissolved-reactive P (DRP), or total P (TP) loss. Seasonal analysis confirmed that NO3--N concentration in the cover crop zones was signficantly less in fall, winter, and spring. However, significant increases in spring discharge, NO3--N, DRP, and TP loads as well as TP concentration were noted with cover crop and greater manure rate treatments. These findings confirm that cover crops have a reducing effect on NO3--N concentration but may not have any effect on addressing P concerns. Further research is warranted; however, this study highlights that the resource concern (e.g., N or P) should be considered prior to implementing cover crops as a conservation management practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal H Askar
- USDA-ARS Soil Drainage Research Unit, 590 Woody Hayes DR, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Brittany R Hanrahan
- USDA-ARS Soil Drainage Research Unit, 590 Woody Hayes DR, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Kevin W King
- USDA-ARS Soil Drainage Research Unit, 590 Woody Hayes DR, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Jedediah H Stinner
- USDA-ARS Soil Drainage Research Unit, 590 Woody Hayes DR, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Li T, Lü Y, Ma L, Li P. Exploring cost-effective measure portfolios for ecosystem services optimization under large-scale vegetation restoration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116440. [PMID: 36242970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem services-based land management incorporates environmental features and social needs, providing an important opportunity to realize global sustainability goals. Recent decades, the interaction among water-related ecosystem services (ESs) is getting ambiguous during regional vegetation restoration, which entails challenges for coordinating restoration actions, economic resources, and water-soil resources' availability. In this study, we first explored mechanism of trade-offs among five water-related ESs in the Chinese Loess Plateau under vegetation restoration. Given the decreased baseflow and its widespread trade-offs with water quality, we then developed four scenarios aiming at enhancing the baseflow and nutrient retention in a cost-effective way, by engaging a spatially explicit biophysical software tool-the RIOS model. Moreover, we selected four typical watersheds in the Loess Plateau as cases to demonstrate the differentiated information on the budget levels and the activity sites. The results indicated that, a deep mechanism of scale effects of trade-off among ESs was largely related to spatial heterogeneity rather than spatial resolution, which also affected activity portfolios under different ES scenarios. For the entire Loess Plateau, activity of forest maintenance should be concentrated on the cost-effective locations of investment for the enhancement of baseflow and nutrient retention. Under the regular budget scenarios, trade-offs only could be locally alleviated in reality, while dropping the high-cost ES objectives is an advisable strategy for minimizing investment risk. Taking conservation agricultural practices in the plain river basins should be regarded as a priority when budget can be increased. In contrast, an approach of 'governing by non-interference' for typical watersheds of re-vegetation was sensible strategy for avoiding trade-offs aggravation. These findings emphasized interrelation between the mechanism of ESs trade-offs and activity portfolios, which is an important basis for the implementation of conservation activities in real world context, and a rational reference for the simulation of desired ES goals in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China.
| | - Yihe Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Liyang Ma
- College of Marxism, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China.
| | - Pengfei Li
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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Bianca MR, Rice CP, Lupitskyy R, Plummer RE, McCarty GW, Hapeman CJ. Trans enantiomeric separation of MESA and MOXA, two environmentally important metabolites of the herbicide, metolachlor. MethodsX 2022; 9:101884. [PMID: 36325380 PMCID: PMC9618976 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete separation of the trans-enantiomers of the two most abundant, persistent polar metabolites of metolachlor, metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid (MESA) and metolachlor oxanilic acid (MOXA), was achieved using UPLC equipped with a reverse phase chiral column and trace detection with an electrospray triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Various conditions that influenced the separation and instrumental signal were investigated to achieve the optimum separation and instrument response within an analysis time of less than 30 minutes. Different eluting solvent compositions for each metabolite were required for optimized separation of of the 4 enantiomers. Standard curves were responsive to less than 13 ng/mL and 8 ng/mL for the least plentiful MOXA and MESA enantiomers, respectively with a linear coefficient of determination greater than 0.998. Suitability of the method for quantification of the 4 mixed enantiomers of each was demonstrated using natural surface water samples collected from the Choptank River watershed in Eastern Maryland.LC chiral separation parameters were varied to achieve optimal separation of the major enantiomers of the two metolachlor metabolites. LC/MS-MS parameters were adjusted to maximize response and minimize analysis time. Finished methods were used to quantitate enantiomers in archived stream water extracts from agricultural watersheds with corn/soybean production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla R. Bianca
- USDA-ARS, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Maryland 20705, USA 22
| | - Clifford P. Rice
- USDA-ARS, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Maryland 20705, USA 22,Corresponding author.
| | | | - Rebecca E. Plummer
- Formerly USDA-ARS, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Maryland 20705, USA
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