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Kuzmenkova N, Golosov V, Ivanov M, Alexandrin M, Korneva I, Grabenko E, Rozhkova A, Bykhalova O. Bottom sediment radioactivity of the six Caucasus lakes located in different altitude zones. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:50690-50702. [PMID: 36800094 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural and artificial radioactivity of bottom sediment in the six lakes of the Western and Central Caucasus have been evaluated. It allowed to define the variation of sedimentation rate during the last 100-150 years using technogenic (137Cs) and natural (210Pb, 226Ra) radionuclides as a chronomarkers. The studied lakes are located in the contrasting geographic conditions, different orographic positions, and have different origin. The average annual precipitation in the area of each of the lakes has been detected to stay relatively constant during the 137Cs fallout period, while the air temperature has markedly increased during the last decades. The detected sedimentation rates are the indirect indicator of climate change in the mountains. They are slightly decreasing owing to the increased protection of soil by vegetation cover in the lower altitude zone; in the upper zones, they are growing due to accelerated glacier retreat. The radioecological situation is estimated as normal. High levels of 137Cs (33 kBq m-2) and 241Am (0.1 kBq m-2) in bottom sediments are attributed to the region-specific geographical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kuzmenkova
- Institute of Geography RAS, Moscow, Russia. .,Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Valentin Golosov
- Institute of Geography RAS, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Environment, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Maxim Ivanov
- Institute of Geography RAS, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Lujanienė G, Šilobritienė B, Tracevičienė D, Šemčuk S, Romanenko V, Garnaga-Budrė G, Kaizer J, Povinec PP. Distribution of 241Am and Pu isotopes in the Curonian Lagoon and the south-eastern Baltic Sea seawater, suspended particles, sediments and biota. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2022; 249:106892. [PMID: 35525077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Distribution trends and temporal variations of 241Am and Pu isotopes in the south-eastern Baltic Sea during the study period of 1999-2001 and 2011-2015 were investigated with the aim to study temporal changes of radionuclide levels in seawater, suspended particles and sediment, to estimate 241Am and 239,240Pu levels in marine biota and to assess the radiation doses received by the biota. The activities of 241Am and 239,240Pu were measured by alpha spectrometry after radiochemical purification. 241Pu was determined radiometrically via the ingrown daughter 241Am after 10-12 years of storage, while the 240Pu/239Pu atom ratio of was measured by accelerator mass spectrometry. The 239,240Pu activities in suspended particles collected in the coastal waters of the Baltic Sea decreased by a factor of ∼3 during the study period, while they decreased about fourfold in the Curonian Lagoon. This could indicate a decrease in the influx of particles containing Pu isotopes into the Baltic Sea. While in the Curonian Lagoon, the 239,240Pu activities in the sediment samples varied insignificantly during the study periods, in the Baltic Sea, the maximum activity decreased by a factor of 6, and the mean/median values decreased by ∼4 times. The assessment tool ERICA was used to calculate the dose rates for biota. The total dose rate from all analysed radionuclides was <0.1 μGy/h, therefore no risk to organisms was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Lujanienė
- SRI Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Savanorių Pr. 231, LT-02300, Lithuania.
| | | | - Diana Tracevičienė
- SRI Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Savanorių Pr. 231, LT-02300, Lithuania
| | - Sergej Šemčuk
- SRI Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Savanorių Pr. 231, LT-02300, Lithuania
| | - Vitaliy Romanenko
- SRI Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Savanorių Pr. 231, LT-02300, Lithuania
| | - Galina Garnaga-Budrė
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipėda University, Herkaus Manto str. 84, LT-92294, Klaipėda, Lithuania
| | - Jakub Kaizer
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavel P Povinec
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Ivanov MM, Kuzmenkova NV, Rozhkova AK, Grabenko EA, Grachev AM, Golosov VN. The anthropogenic fallout radionuclides in soils of Mount Khuko (the Western Caucasus) and their application for determination of sediment redistribution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2022; 248:106880. [PMID: 35390600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this study are to determine the content and origin of anthropogenic fallout radionuclides (FRN) in soils of Mount Khuko, located in the western sector of the Caucasus Mountains and to assess the possibility to use them for evaluation of sediment redistribution for the alpine grasslands,. The field study was carried out in August 2019 near the top of Mount Khuko, located in the western part of the main Caucasus Mountain Ridge. Integral and incremental soil samples were collected from the different morphological units of the studied area. The content of 137Cs and 241Am in soil samples was evaluated using laboratory gamma-spectrometry. A part of samples was selected for Pu isotopes extraction and then alpha-spectrometric analysis. It was established that the 137Cs contamination of soils in the studied area has at least two sources of origin. The first source is the 137Cs bomb-derived fallout after the bomb tests in 1950-60th, which is widespread across the globe. The second source is 137Cs Chernobyl-derived fallout High random variability (Cv = 25-42%) was found within reference sites, located at the undisturbed areas on the local flat interfluves due to high variability of soil characteristics (grain size, density, organic matter content etc.). However minimum spatial variability (range 12,2-14,3 kBq/m2) was identified for the mean value of 137Cs inventories for all 5 reference sites located in the different parts of the studied area. It is difficult to separate individual peaks of the bomb-derived and Chernobyl-derived 137Cs falloutin sediment sinks with low sedimentation rates. Application 239,240Pu as an additional chronological marker allows to identify the origin of above mention peaks in the soils of alpine grasslands and of dry lake bottom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim M Ivanov
- Institute of Geography RAS, Russia; Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia.
| | - Natalia V Kuzmenkova
- Institute of Geography RAS, Russia; Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia.
| | | | | | | | - Valentin N Golosov
- Institute of Geography RAS, Russia; Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia.
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Žukauskaitė Z, Druteikienė R, Tarasiuk N, Tautkus S, Niaura G, Ignatjev I, Baltušnikas A, Konstantinova M, Maceika E, Kazakevičiūtė-Jakučiūnienė L, Buivydas Š, Jasinevičienė D, Gvozdaitė R. Separation of anthropogenic radionuclides from aqueous environment using raw and modified biosorbents. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2022; 244-245:106829. [PMID: 35121277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two types of biosorbents were used to remove 137Cs and plutonium isotopes from aqueous solutions - moss (Ptilium crista - castrensis) and oak sawdust (Quercus robur), both in the form of natural and modified state. Sorbent modification significantly increases the sorbent surface area (for moss sorbents - from 4.0 to 47.2 m2/g, and for sawdust sorbents - from 1.1 to 26.3 m2/g), pore volume (from 10-3 to 10-2), concentration and amount of basic cations and anions, as well as active functional groups on the sorbent surface. The main functional groups on the surface of natural sorbents modified with iron hydroxide interacting with analytes are carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. For carbonized sawdust and its subsequent activation with concentrated HCl, in addition to carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, acetyl groups also become active. Carbonated sawdust treated with HCl showed the highest average removal efficiency and sorption capacity for radiocesium and plutonium isotopes in laboratory column experiments - for 137Cs ∼78.6% and ∼196.6 Bq/g and for 239+240Pu ∼83% and ∼41.5 Bq/g, respectively. The moss and moss modified with iron hydroxide also showed good properties of adsorbing plutonium isotopes in field (in-situ) experiments. The best results on the sorption of 137Cs in field experiments were shown by carbonated sawdust activated with HCl, and for isotopes of plutonium - the raw moss and moss modified with iron hydroxide. The results of the study showed that sorbents can be used not only for purification of water from plutonium isotopes but allow the operational sampling and more accurate measurement of radiocesium and plutonium isotopes in the fresh water reservoirs by the dynamic flow method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Žukauskaitė
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Public Institution, Savanorių ave. 231, LT-02300, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - R Druteikienė
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Public Institution, Savanorių ave. 231, LT-02300, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - N Tarasiuk
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Public Institution, Savanorių ave. 231, LT-02300, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - S Tautkus
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko st. 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - G Niaura
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Public Institution, Savanorių ave. 231, LT-02300, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - I Ignatjev
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Public Institution, Savanorių ave. 231, LT-02300, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - A Baltušnikas
- Lithuanian Energy Institute Public institution, Breslaujos st. 3, LT-44403, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - M Konstantinova
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Public Institution, Savanorių ave. 231, LT-02300, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - E Maceika
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Public Institution, Savanorių ave. 231, LT-02300, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - L Kazakevičiūtė-Jakučiūnienė
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Public Institution, Savanorių ave. 231, LT-02300, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Š Buivydas
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Public Institution, Savanorių ave. 231, LT-02300, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - D Jasinevičienė
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Public Institution, Savanorių ave. 231, LT-02300, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - R Gvozdaitė
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Public Institution, Savanorių ave. 231, LT-02300, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Guo H, Xu Y, Pan S, Liu Z. Distinctive distribution and migration of global fallout plutonium isotopes in an alpine lake and its implications for sediment dating. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130535. [PMID: 33866096 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated plutonium (Pu) isotopes in sediment cores collected from an alpine lake (Lake Heinongpo with 3779 m above sea level) in Southwestern China. 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios in all sediment samples showed the typical global fallout values of ∼0.18 without any influences from other Pu contaminant sources. 239+240Pu activities with surface and subsurface maximums followed by exponential decline with sediment depth were respectively observed in the two sediment cores. The distinctive depth distributions of 239,240Pu in the lake sediments was attributed to the very slow sediment deposition rate due to the lack of terrestrial sediment input, while the alpine snowmelt input was the primary source of Pu in the lake sediments in addition to the direct atmospheric deposition. The total Pu inventory was estimated to be 56.3 ± 1.4 and 63.9 ± 0.8 Bq/m2 respectively in the two sediment cores. The generally higher Pu inventory in the Lake Heinongpo compared with other reported lakes in similar latitude should be mainly attributed to their different Pu input passages. The advection-diffusion equation was further applied to evaluate the downward migration of Pu isotopes in the sediment cores and predict the future evolution of Pu distribution in the sediment cores. The fitted results indicated that the diffusion effect controlled the downward migration of Pu in the sediments, but this diffusive migration will not prevent the peak of global fallout Pu in undisturbed sediment cores from being a valuable time marker for sediment dating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiting Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Coastal and Island Development of Ministry of Education, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yihong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Shaoming Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Coastal and Island Development of Ministry of Education, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Janda J, Tichá J. Determination of the gross activity of uranium, plutonium, americium and strontium in environmental samples using solid-state scintillation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 192:181-186. [PMID: 29982002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid determination of selected gross alpha and beta emitters in environmental matrices by solid-state scintillation technique is discussed. This method is based on sample treatment using microwave reactor and direct measurement of digested products using powder scintillator and alkaline solution as a substitute for traditional liquid scintillation cocktail. The selected group of radionuclides was chosen with respect to their use in nuclear industry, high radiotoxicity, and the possibility of potential misuse. The work aimed at verifying the connection of microwave decomposition using alkaline solution with solid-state scintillation using a powder scintillator YAP:Ce together with an alkaline medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Janda
- University of Defence, NBC Defence Institute, Vita Nejedleho, Vyskov, CZ, Czech Republic.
| | - Jitka Tichá
- University of Defence, NBC Defence Institute, Vita Nejedleho, Vyskov, CZ, Czech Republic
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Pearson AJ, Gaw S, Hermanspahn N, Glover CN. Deterministic and Semiprobabilistic Modeling of the Committed Dose from Radionuclides and the Chemical Burden from Uranium in the New Zealand Diet. J Food Prot 2018; 81:1400-1410. [PMID: 30052073 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To support New Zealand's food safety monitoring, estimates of the current population exposure to ionizing radiation through diet are needed. To calculate the committed dose from radionuclide activities in the food chain, dietary modeling was undertaken for different age and gender groupings of the New Zealand population. Based on a published survey of radionuclide activity concentrations in the New Zealand diet, deterministic and semiprobabilistic models were constructed to derive estimates of the effective dose via the diet. Deterministic estimated annual doses across the different age and gender groupings ranged from a minimum of 48 to 66 μSv/year for teenage girls to a maximum of 126 to 152 μSv/year for adult males. Polonium-210 was the main contributor to ingested dose, with anthropogenic radionuclides contributing very little. For adults, seafood represented the most important source of exposure, with the contribution from this source decreasing for younger age groups. Results of the semiprobabilistic model identified a range of possible ingested doses, with 2.5 to 97.5th percentile ranges of 0.01 to 1.44 μSv/day for adults and 0.02 to 1.84 μSv/day for children. Estimated doses to the New Zealand population show similarities to those of other countries and fall within the expected global range. The current level of exposure to ionizing radiation in the diet does not represent an elevated health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Pearson
- 1 Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2536, Wellington, 6011, New Zealand.,2 University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Sally Gaw
- 2 University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Nikolaus Hermanspahn
- 3 Institute of Environmental Science & Research Ltd., P.O. Box 29-181, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand
| | - Chris N Glover
- 4 Faculty of Science and Technology and Athabasca River Basin Research Institute, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada T9S 3A3; and.,5 Department of Biological Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3
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Gückel K, Shinonaga T, Christl M, Tschiersch J. Scavenged 239Pu, 240Pu, and 241Am from snowfalls in the atmosphere settling on Mt. Zugspitze in 2014, 2015 and 2016. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11848. [PMID: 28928452 PMCID: PMC5605513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Concentrations of 239Pu, 240Pu, and 241Am, and atomic ratio of 240Pu/239Pu in freshly fallen snow on Mt. Zugspitze collected in 2014, 2015 and 2016 were determined by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). For the sub-femtogram (10-15 g) - level of Pu and Am analysis, a chemical separation procedure combined with AMS was improved and an excellent overall efficiency of about 10-4 was achieved. The concentration of 239Pu ranges from 75 ± 13 ag/kg to 2823 ± 84 ag/kg, of 240Pu from 20.6 ± 5.2 to 601 ± 21 ag/kg, and of 241Am was found in the range of 16.7 ± 5.0-218.8 ± 8.9 ag/kg. Atomic ratios of 240Pu/239Pu for most samples are comparable to the fallout in middle Europe. One exceptional sample shows a higher Pu concentration. High airborne dust concentration, wind directions, high Cs concentrations and the activity ratio of 239+240Pu/137Cs lead to the conclusion that the sample was influenced by Pu in Saharan dust transported to Mt. Zugspitze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gückel
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Taeko Shinonaga
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Chemistry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Marcus Christl
- Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, TS, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Tschiersch
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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Leclercq A, Michel H, Philippini V, Barci V, Barci-Funel G. Behaviors and transfers of anthropogenic radionuclides (137Cs, 239+240Pu and 241Am) in a protected alpine wetland (France). J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Matsunaga T, Tsuduki K, Yanase N, Kritsananuwat R, Hanzawa Y, Naganawa H. Increase in rare earth element concentrations controlled by dissolved organic matter in river water during rainfall events in a temperate, small forested catchment. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2014.961989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lehto J, Vaaramaa K, Leskinen A. 137Cs, 239,240Pu and 241Am in boreal forest soil and their transfer into wild mushrooms and berries. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2013; 116:124-132. [PMID: 23124280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Profiles of podzolic soil from boreal forests were sampled from eight sites in Finland and the distribution of (137)Cs in the soil layers was determined. In addition, (239,240)Pu and (241)Am were determined from two soil profiles taken at one sampling site. Inventories of (137)Cs in the soil profiles varied between 1.7 kBq/m(2) and 42 kBq/m(2), reflecting known variation in (137)Cs fallout from the Chernobyl accident. The highest proportions of the radionuclides were found in the organic layer at a depth of less than 5 cm, which on average contained 47% of (137)Cs, 76% of (239,240)Pu and 79% of (241)Am. In the litter, clearly higher proportions of (137)Cs were found compared to (239,240)Pu and (241)Am, probably indicating its more effective recycling from the organic layer back to the surface. Only very minor proportions of (137)Cs were recorded below 20 cm. The concentration of (137)Cs in the soil profiles could be approximated with a declining logarithmic trend. The activity concentrations of (137)Cs were determined for six wild mushroom species and three wild berry species at two sites, as well as the aggregated transfer factors and the distribution of (137)Cs between their various parts. In addition, (239,240)Pu and (241)Am were determined in one mushroom and three berry species at one site. Very high concentrations of (137)Cs, up to 20 kBq/kg (d.w.), were found in mushrooms, and their transfer factors were between 0.1 m(2)/kg and 1.0 m(2)/kg. In berries, the transfer factors were an order of magnitude lower. (137)Cs accumulated more in the caps of mushrooms and in the fruits of berries than in other parts. Transfer factors for (239,240)Pu and (241)Am were two to three orders of magnitude lower than those of (137)Cs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Lehto
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Lujanienė G, Beneš P, Štamberg K, Ščiglo T. Kinetics of plutonium and americium sorption to natural clay. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2012; 108:41-49. [PMID: 21940076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Kinetics of Pu(IV) and Am(III) sorption from natural groundwater to three types of clays were studied at trace concentrations of the elements. Higher K(d) values were determined for sorption of Pu than of Am, and no clear dependence of the K(d) values and the kinetic coefficients on the composition of the clays can be deduced. Kinetic data evaluated by models for six different control processes indicated a sorption mechanism controlled by Pu or Am diffusion in the inert layer on the surface of the clays. Apart from the kinetics of the elements sorption, time-dependent changes in their bonding nature were also studied using a sequential extraction. It was found that Pu(IV) was predominantly associated with amorphous and crystalline Fe oxides as well as natural organic matter sites on the clays, whereas in the case of Am(III) the exchangeable and carbonate sites played the principal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Lujanienė
- SRI Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Radiochemistry Laboratory, Savanorių ave 231, Vilnius, LT-02300, Lithuania.
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Ahmad Z, Mei-Wo Y, Abu Bakar AS, Shahar H. Spatial distributions of 137Cs and 239+240Pu in surface seawater within the Exclusive Economic Zone of East Coast Peninsular Malaysia. Appl Radiat Isot 2010; 68:1839-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Lujanienė G, Beneš P, Štamberg K, Šapolaitė J, Vopalka D, Radžiūtė E, Ščiglo T. Effect of natural clay components on sorption of Cs, Pu and Am by the clay. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-010-0726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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