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Schacherl B, Joseph C, Beck A, Lavrova P, Schnurr A, Dardenne K, Geyer F, Cherkezova-Zheleva Z, Göttlicher J, Geckeis H, Vitova T. Np(V) Retention at the Illite du Puy Surface. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11185-11194. [PMID: 37460108 PMCID: PMC10399294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Np(V) retention on Illite du Puy (IdP) was investigated since it is essential for understanding the migration behavior of Np in argillaceous environments. The presence of structural Fe(III) and Fe(II) in IdP was confirmed by Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. In batch sorption experiments, a higher Np sorption affinity to IdP was found than to Wyoming smectite or iron-free synthetic montmorillonite. An increase of the relative Np(IV) ratio sorbed onto IdP with decreasing pH was observed by solvent extraction (up to (24 ± 2)% at pH 5, c0(Np) = 10-6 mol/L). Furthermore, up to (33 ± 5)% Np(IV) could be detected in IdP diffusion samples at pH 5. Respective Np M5-edge high-energy resolution (HR-) XANES spectra suggested the presence of Np(IV/V) mixtures and weakened axial bond covalency of the NpO2+ species sorbed onto IdP. Np L3-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis showed that significant fractions of Np were coordinated to Fe─O entities at pH 9. This highlights the potential role of Fe(II/III) clay edge sites as a strong Np(V) surface complex partner and points to the partial reduction of sorbed Np(V) to Np(IV) via structural Fe(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Schacherl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Joseph
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Aaron Beck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Polina Lavrova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Schnurr
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kathy Dardenne
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Geyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zara Cherkezova-Zheleva
- Institute of Catalysis, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, "Acad. G. Bonchev" Str., Bl.11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jörg Göttlicher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Horst Geckeis
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Zhang X, Ouyang B, Hou G, Chang P, Shao D. Application of poly(amidoxime)/scrap facemasks in extraction of uranium from seawater: from dangerous waste to nuclear power. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022; 331:3475-3484. [PMID: 35818625 PMCID: PMC9261141 DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
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Artificial neural network modeling of the hexavalent uranium sorption onto chemically activated bentonite. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ram R, Kalnins C, Pownceby MI, Ehrig K, Etschmann B, Spooner N, Brugger J. Selective radionuclide co-sorption onto natural minerals in environmental and anthropogenic conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124989. [PMID: 33450517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities can redistribute the constituents of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM), posing potential hazards to populations and ecosystems. In the present study, the co-sorption of several RN from the U decay chain- 238U, 230Th, 226Ra, 210Pb and 210Po, onto common minerals associated with mining activities (chalcopyrite, bornite, pyrite and barite) was investigated, in order to identify the various factors that control long-term NORM mobility and retentivity in environmental acid-mine drainage systems and hydrometallurgical processing. The results show selective RN co-sorption to the various natural minerals, suggesting that mineral-specific mechanisms govern the variability in NORM mobility and retentivity. Both 226Ra and 210Po underwent significant sorption onto the natural minerals investigated in this study. The order of co-sorption in sulfate media for chalcopyrite and bornite was 210Po>226Ra>206Pb>210Pb>238U/230Th. Conversely, both pyrite and barite showed increased affinity for 226Ra; the order of co-sorption in sulfate media was 226Ra>210Po>206Pb/210Pb>238U/230Th for pyrite and 226Ra>206Pb/210Pb>230Th/238U/210Po for barite. Similar orders of co-sorption were observed in the nitrate media: for chalcopyrite and bornite the order was 210Po>226Ra/206Pb/210Pb/238U/230Th compared to 226Ra>210Po/206Pb/210Pb/238U/230Th for pyrite and barite. The behavior of 210Po was found to the anomalous: in both sulfate and nitrate solutions, 210Po had little affinity for barite compared to the sulfides. Thermodynamic modeling indicated the formation of a reduced PoS(s) phase at the surface of sulfide minerals, leading to the suggestion that 210Po likely undergoes reductive precipitation on the surface of sulfide minerals. The high sorption of both 206Pb and 210Pb observed in the sulfate systems were likely as a result of co-precipitation as insoluble anglesite compared to nitrate where they mainly remained in solution. Overall, barite showed the highest affinity for 226Ra, given its propensity to sorb 226Ra (similar ionic size). Both 238U and 230Th were highly mobile in acidic sulfate and nitrate solutions. The results highlighted here identify the various constraints on the natural variability and fractionation of NORM in the environment, as well as the mineral-specific mechanisms that control co-sorption of RN. This information provides a framework for predicting RN transport within soils and ground waters with variable geochemical conditions and in metallurgical extraction processes, in order to develop effective strategies towards NORM mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Ram
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, 9 Rainforest Walk, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Chris Kalnins
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing and School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Kathy Ehrig
- BHP Olympic Dam, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Barbara Etschmann
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, 9 Rainforest Walk, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Nigel Spooner
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing and School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joël Brugger
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, 9 Rainforest Walk, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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Degueldre C, McGowan S. Simulating uranium sorption onto inorganic particles: The effect of redox potential. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 225:106408. [PMID: 33032004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An analytical expression is proposed to simulate the effects of pH and redox potential (E) on the sorption of uranium onto model inorganic particles in aquatic environments instead of following an experimental approach providing a list of empirical sorption data. The expression provides a distribution coefficient (Kd) as function of pH, E and ligand concentration (complex formation) applying a surface complexation model on one type of surface sites (>SuOH). The formulation makes use of the complexation and hydrolysis constants for all species in solution and those sorbed at the surface, using correlations between hydrolysis constants and surface complexation constants, for the specific sorption sites. The model was applied for the sorption of uranium onto aluminol, iron hydroxide and silanol sites, mimicking respectively 'clean' clay or 'dirty' clay and 'clean' sand or 'dirty' sand ('dirty' referring to iron hydroxide contaminated), in absence or presence of carbonates in solution. The calculated distribution coefficients are very sensitive with the presence or absence of carbonates. The Kd values obtained by applying the model are compared with values reported in the literature for the sorption of uranium onto specific adsorbents. It is known that in surface water, U(VI) and its hydroxides are the primary stable species usually observed. However, reduction to U(IV) is possible and may be simulated during sorption or when the redox potential (E) decreases. Similar simulations are also applicable to study the sorption of other redox sensitive elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Degueldre
- Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK.
| | - Steve McGowan
- Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK.
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Ramírez-Guinart O, Kaplan D, Rigol A, Vidal M. Deriving probabilistic soil distribution coefficients (K d). Part 1: General approach to decreasing and describing variability and example using uranium K d values. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 222:106362. [PMID: 32858445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A general approach is presented to derive probabilistic radionuclide distribution coefficients (Kd) in soils from a Kd dataset. The main aim was to derive informed estimates with a low inherent uncertainty by restricting the Kd value data to subsets based on key soil factors and the experimental approach used to calculate the Kd value (e.g., sorption and desorption tests). As an example, the general approach was applied to uranium (U) Kd values that are part of a critically reviewed dataset containing more than 5000 soil Kd entries for 83 elements and an additional 2000 entries of Kd data for 75 elements gathered from a selection of other, non-soil, geological materials. The overall soil U Kd dataset included 196 values spanning a range of four orders of magnitude (1-67,000 L kg-1), with additional 50 entries for other geological materials. Whereas the effect of the experimental approach could be disregarded, major factors in decreasing U Kd variability were pH and organic matter content (OM). Limitation in the number of entries made it difficult to use texture information (sand, silt, clay) to further decrease U Kd variability. The integrated combination of pH + OM permitted some soil groups to have U Kd confidence intervals as narrow as two orders of magnitude. Specifically for U Kd, data in the Mineral (< 20% OM) and Organic (≥ 20% OM) partial datasets were significantly different. Analogue data from geological materials other than soils, such as subsoil, till and gyttja (a lacustrine mud having elevated organic matter (OM) contents), were also statistically evaluated to determine whether they could be used to fill U Kd data gaps. It was shown that U Kd from subsoils and tills, but not gyttjas, could be used to enhance soil U Kd datasets. Selection of probabilistic Kd values for risk modelling can be made more reliably and with less uncertainty by using appropriate geochemical data representative of the study site to narrow the wide range of potential Kd values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Ramírez-Guinart
- Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anna Rigol
- Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miquel Vidal
- Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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A novel nitrogen-containing covalent organic framework adsorbent for the efficient removal of bisphenol A from aqueous solution. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Sawant VM, Gaikar VG. Effective separation of uranyl(II) and thorium(IV) ions from mixtures with neodymium(III) using citric acid and hexabutyl citramide as ligands grafted on mesoporous silica and polystyrene adsorbents. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1614626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Manohar Sawant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology , Mumbai, India
| | - Vilas Gajanan Gaikar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology , Mumbai, India
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Mishra S, Kasar S, Takamasa A, Veerasamy N, Sahoo SK. Measurement of uranium distribution coefficient and 235U/ 238U ratio in soils affected by Fukushima dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 198:36-42. [PMID: 30580113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident resulted radioactive contamination in soil due to deposition of mainly radiocesium as well as many long-lived radionuclides surrounding a large area around FDNPP. Depending upon environmental conditions, radionuclides in soil can be mobilized in aquatic systems. Therefore, the fate and transfer of these radionuclides in the soil water system is very important for radiation protection and dose assessment. In the present study, soil and water samples were collected from contaminated areas around FDNPP. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is used for total uranium concentration. Emphasis has been given on isotope ratio measurement of 235U/238U ratio using thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) that gives us the idea about its contamination during accident. For the migration behavior, its distribution coefficient (Kd) has been determined using laboratory batch method. Chemical characterization of soil with respect to different parameters has been carried out. The effect of these soil parameters on distribution coefficient of uranium has been studied in order to explain the radionuclide mobility in this particular area. The distribution coefficient values for uranium are found to vary from 30 to 36000 L/kg. A large variation in the distribution coefficient values shows the retention or mobility of uranium is highly dependent on soil characteristics in the particular area. This variation is explained with respect to soil pH, Fe, Mn, CaCO3 and organic content. There is a very good correlation of uranium Kd obtained with Fe content. There is no enrichment of 235U has been noticed in the studied area.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mishra
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan; Radiation Safety System Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - S Kasar
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - A Takamasa
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - N Veerasamy
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan; Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
| | - S K Sahoo
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
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Chen Z, Chen W, Jia D, Liu Y, Zhang A, Wen T, Liu J, Ai Y, Song W, Wang X. N, P, and S Codoped Graphene-Like Carbon Nanosheets for Ultrafast Uranium (VI) Capture with High Capacity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800235. [PMID: 30356958 PMCID: PMC6193150 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of functional materials for the highly efficient capture of radionuclides, such as uranium from nuclear waste solutions, is an important and challenging topic. Here, few-layered N, P, and S codoped graphene-like carbon nanosheets (NPS-GLCs) that are fabricated in the 2D confined spacing of silicate RUB-15 and applied as sorbents to remove U(VI)ions from aqueous solutions are presented. The NPS-GLCs exhibit a large capacity, wide pH suitability, an ultrafast removal rate, stability at high ionic strengths, and excellent selectivity for U(VI) as compared to multiple competing metal ions. The 2D ultrathin structure of NPS-GLCs with large spacing of 1 nm not only assures the rapid mass diffusion, but also exposes a sufficient active site for the adsorption. Strong covalent bonds such as P-O-U and S-O-U are generated between the heteroatom (N, P, S) with UO2 2+ according to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and density functional theory theoretical calculations. This work highlights the interaction mechanism of low oxidation state heteroatoms with UO2 2+, thereby shedding light on the material design of uranium immobilization in the pollution cleanup of radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206P. R. China
| | - Wanying Chen
- College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206P. R. China
| | - Dashuang Jia
- College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206P. R. China
| | - Anrui Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206P. R. China
| | - Tao Wen
- College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructures and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Yuejie Ai
- College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Song
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructures and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Xiangke Wang
- College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206P. R. China
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Huynh J, Palacio R, Safizadeh F, Lefèvre G, Descostes M, Eloy L, Guignard N, Rousseau J, Royer S, Tertre E, Batonneau-Gener I. Adsorption of Uranium over NH 2-Functionalized Ordered Silica in Aqueous Solutions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:15672-15684. [PMID: 28406007 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to obtain an in-depth understanding of the U(VI) adsorption mechanism over amino-functionalized mesoporous silica SBA-15 and highlights its high efficiency in aqueous media for U(VI) removal and preconcentration. The samples were synthesized and functionalized by both grafting and co-condensation methods, using different alkyl-substituted amine groups and were characterized using X-ray diffraction, N2 physisorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and elemental C-H-N-S analyses. The properties for U(VI) adsorption were evaluated under discontinuous conditions, with the determination of the effect of several parameters (initial pH, contact time, initial U(VI) concentration, functionalization method, and organic moiety composition). U(VI) adsorption over grafted materials reached equilibrium at around 30 min, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 573 mgU·gads-1 for the most efficient material at its optimal adsorption pH (equal to 6) at 20 °C. Functionalized materials by grafting exhibit better adsorption capacities than co-condensed samples because of higher function surface density and function availability. U(VI) adsorption mechanisms were also studied by measuring the electrophoretic mobilities of the particles, aqueous U(VI) speciation, in situ attenuated total reflection infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and transmission electron microscopy analysis. U(VI) adsorption occurred through the formation of an inner sphere complex. The localization of adsorbed U(VI) has also been determined inside of the mesopores, with the formation of several particles on the nanometer scale, in the size of U-hydroxy phases. Besides, the study of the reusability of amino-functionalized SBA-15 by applying adsorption-desorption cycles was also conducted. The adsorption capacity of the material remains stable for at least four adsorption-desorption cycles without any noticeable capacity decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Huynh
- Université de Poitiers/CNRS, UMR 7285 IC2MP, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers , 5 rue Albert Turpain, 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Ruben Palacio
- Université de Poitiers/CNRS, UMR 7285 IC2MP, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers , 5 rue Albert Turpain, 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Fariba Safizadeh
- Université de Poitiers/CNRS, UMR 7285 IC2MP, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers , 5 rue Albert Turpain, 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Grégory Lefèvre
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech - CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris , 11, Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Michael Descostes
- AREVA-Mining Business Group, Research and Development Department (DR&D) , F-92400 Paris, France
| | - Lilian Eloy
- Université de Poitiers/CNRS, UMR 7285 IC2MP, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers , 5 rue Albert Turpain, 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Nadia Guignard
- Université de Poitiers/CNRS, UMR 7285 IC2MP, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers , 5 rue Albert Turpain, 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Julie Rousseau
- Université de Poitiers/CNRS, UMR 7285 IC2MP, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers , 5 rue Albert Turpain, 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Sébastien Royer
- Université de Poitiers/CNRS, UMR 7285 IC2MP, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers , 5 rue Albert Turpain, 86073 Poitiers, France
- Université Lille, CNRS, ENSCL, Centrale Lille, Université Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du, Solide , F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Tertre
- Université de Poitiers/CNRS, UMR 7285 IC2MP, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers , 5 rue Albert Turpain, 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Isabelle Batonneau-Gener
- Université de Poitiers/CNRS, UMR 7285 IC2MP, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers , 5 rue Albert Turpain, 86073 Poitiers, France
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Joseph C, Mibus J, Trepte P, Müller C, Brendler V, Park DM, Jiao Y, Kersting AB, Zavarin M. Long-term diffusion of U(VI) in bentonite: Dependence on density. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:207-218. [PMID: 27741456 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As a contribution to the safety assessment of nuclear waste repositories, U(VI) diffusion through the potential buffer material MX-80 bentonite was investigated at three clay dry densities over six years. Synthetic MX-80 model pore water was used as background electrolyte. Speciation calculations showed that Ca2UO2(CO3)3(aq) was the main U(VI) species. The in- and out-diffusion of U(VI) was investigated separately. U(VI) diffused about 3mm, 1.5mm, and 1mm into the clay plug at ρ=1.3, 1.6, and 1.9g/cm3, respectively. No through-diffusion of the U(VI) tracer was observed. However, leaching of natural uranium contained in the clay occurred and uranium was detected in all receiving reservoirs. As expected, the effective and apparent diffusion coefficients, De and Da, decreased with increasing dry density. The Da values for the out-diffusion of natural U(VI) were in good agreement with previously determined values. Surprisingly, Da values for the in-diffusion of U(VI) were about two orders of magnitude lower than values obtained in short-term in-diffusion experiments reported in the literature. Some potential reasons for this behavior that were evaluated are changes of the U(VI) speciation within the clay (precipitation, reduction) or changes of the clay porosity and pore connectivity with time. By applying Archie's law and the extended Archie's law, it was estimated that a significantly smaller effective porosity must be present for the long-term in-diffusion of U(VI). The results suggest that long-term studies of key transport phenomena may reveal additional processes that can directly impact long-term repository safety assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Joseph
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Physical & Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-231, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
| | - Jens Mibus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Resource Ecology, P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul Trepte
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Resource Ecology, P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christa Müller
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Resource Ecology, P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vinzenz Brendler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Resource Ecology, P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dan M Park
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Physical & Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-231, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Yongqin Jiao
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Physical & Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-231, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Annie B Kersting
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Physical & Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-231, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Mavrik Zavarin
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Physical & Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-231, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
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Crawford SE, Lofts S, Liber K. The role of sediment properties and solution pH in the adsorption of uranium(VI) to freshwater sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:873-881. [PMID: 27825841 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Uranium (U) can enter aquatic environments from natural and anthropogenic processes, accumulating in sediments to concentrations that could, if bioavailable, adversely affect benthic organisms. To better predict the sorption and mobility of U in aquatic ecosystems, we investigated the sediment-solution partition coefficients (Kd) of U for nine uncontaminated freshwater sediments with a wide range of physicochemical characteristics over an environmentally relevant pH range. Test solutions were reconstituted to mimic water quality conditions and U(VI) concentrations (0.023-2.3 mg U/L) found downstream of Canadian U mines. Adsorption of U(VI) to each sediment was greatest at pH 6 and 7, and significantly reduced at pH 8. There were significant differences in pH-dependent sorption among sediments with different physicochemical properties, with sorption increasing up until thresholds of 12% total organic carbon, 37% fine fraction (≤50 μm), and 29 g/kg of iron content. The Kd values for U(VI) were predicted using the Windermere Humic Aqueous Model (WHAM) using total U(VI) concentrations, and water and sediment physicochemical parameters. Predicted Kd-U values were generally within a factor of three of the observed values. These results improve the understanding and assessment of U sorption to field sediment, and quantify the relationship with sediment properties that may influence the bioavailability and ecological risk of U-contaminated sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Crawford
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada.
| | - Stephen Lofts
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Karsten Liber
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, 117 Science Place, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada; Institute of Loess Plateau, 92 Wucheng Road, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China.
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14
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Xiong Q, Joseph C, Schmeide K, Jivkov AP. Measurement and modelling of reactive transport in geological barriers for nuclear waste containment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:30577-89. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05243b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unit cell illustrating potential diffusion paths (bonds, yellow and red) in the neighbourhood of central particle (green); these join neighbouring cell faces and show where elongated pores may be assigned to the experimental pore system information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrong Xiong
- Research Centre for Radwaste & Decommissioning and Modelling & Simulation Centre
- Dalton Nuclear Institute
- The University of Manchester
- UK
| | - Claudia Joseph
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute
- Physical & Life Sciences Directorate
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
- Livermore
- USA
| | - Katja Schmeide
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- Institute of Resource Ecology
- 01328 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Andrey P. Jivkov
- Research Centre for Radwaste & Decommissioning and Modelling & Simulation Centre
- Dalton Nuclear Institute
- The University of Manchester
- UK
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15
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Payne TE, Harrison JJ, Hughes C, Johansen MP, Thiruvoth S, Wilsher KL, Cendón DI, Hankin SI, Rowling B, Zawadzki A. Trench 'bathtubbing' and surface plutonium contamination at a legacy radioactive waste site. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:13284-93. [PMID: 24256473 PMCID: PMC3854837 DOI: 10.1021/es403278r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Radioactive waste containing a few grams of plutonium (Pu) was disposed between 1960 and 1968 in trenches at the Little Forest Burial Ground (LFBG), near Sydney, Australia. A water sampling point installed in a former trench has enabled the radionuclide content of trench water and the response of the water level to rainfall to be studied. The trench water contains readily measurable Pu activity (~12 Bq/L of (239+240)Pu in 0.45 μm-filtered water), and there is an associated contamination of Pu in surface soils. The highest (239+240)Pu soil activity was 829 Bq/kg in a shallow sample (0-1 cm depth) near the trench sampling point. Away from the trenches, the elevated concentrations of Pu in surface soils extend for tens of meters down-slope. The broader contamination may be partly attributable to dispersion events in the first decade after disposal, after which a layer of soil was added above the trenched area. Since this time, further Pu contamination has occurred near the trench-sampler within this added layer. The water level in the trench-sampler responds quickly to rainfall and intermittently reaches the surface, hence the Pu dispersion is attributed to saturation and overflow of the trenches during extreme rainfall events, referred to as the 'bathtub' effect.
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16
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Li D, Kaplan DI. Sorption coefficients and molecular mechanisms of Pu, U, Np, Am and Tc to Fe (hydr)oxides: a review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 243:1-18. [PMID: 23141377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pu, U, Np, Am and Tc are among the major risk drivers at nuclear waste management facilities throughout the world. Furthermore, uranium mining and milling operations have generated an enormous legacy of radioactively contaminated soils and groundwater. The sorption process of radionulcides onto ubiquitous Fe (hydr)oxides (FHOs; hematite, magnetite, goethite and ferrihydrite) is one of the most vital geochemical processes controlling the transport and fate of radionuclides and nuclear wastes in the subsurface zones. Meanwhile, understanding molecular-level chemical speciation of radionuclides onto FHOs is crucial to model their behavior in subsurface environments, and to develop new technologies for nuclear waste treatment and long-term remediation strategies for contaminated soils and groundwater. This review article aims (1) to provide risk or performance assessment modelers with macroscopic distribution coefficient (K(d)) data of Pu, U, Np, Am and Tc onto FHOs under different conditions (pH, radionuclide concentration, solution ion strength, sorbent loading, partial pressure of CO(2) (P CO(2)), equilibrium time) pertinent to environmental and engineered systems, and (2) to provide a microscopic or molecular-level understanding of the chemical speciation and sorption processes of these radionuclides to FHOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dien Li
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC 29802, USA.
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17
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Comarmond MJ, Payne TE, Harrison JJ, Thiruvoth S, Wong HK, Aughterson RD, Lumpkin GR, Müller K, Foerstendorf H. Uranium sorption on various forms of titanium dioxide--influence of surface area, surface charge, and impurities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:5536-5542. [PMID: 21618967 DOI: 10.1021/es201046x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) has often served as a model substrate for experimental sorption studies of environmental contaminants. However, various forms of Ti-oxide have been used, and the different sorption properties of these materials have not been thoroughly studied. We investigated uranium sorption on some thoroughly characterized TiO(2) surfaces with particular attention to the influence of surface area, surface charge, and impurities. The sorption of U(VI) differed significantly between samples. Aggressive pretreatment of one material to remove impurities significantly altered the isoelectric point, determined by an electroacoustic method, but did not significantly impact U sorption. Differences in sorption properties between the various TiO(2) materials were related to the crystallographic form, morphology, surface area, and grain size, rather than to surface impurities or surface charge. In-situ attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopic studies showed that the spectra of the surface species of the TiO(2) samples are not significantly different, suggesting the formation of similar surface complexes. The data provide insights into the effect of different source materials and surface properties on radionuclide sorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Josick Comarmond
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia.
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