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Wang D, Wang X, Gu X, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Di X. Systematic screening of hepatoprotective components from traditional Chinese medicine: Zuojin Pill as an example. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117556. [PMID: 38072292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zuojin Pill (ZJP), composed of Coptis chinensis Franch. and Euodia ruticarpa (A. Juss.) Benth. in a mass ratio of 6:1, is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula recorded in "Danxi's Experiential Therapy", an ancient medical book from the Ming Dynasty of China. It is used to treat liver fire invading the stomach, which is caused by liver stagnation transforming into fire and disharmony between the liver and stomach. AIM OF THE STUDY To develop a systematic strategy to screen hepatoprotective components from TCM using ZJP as a model sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS A CCl4-induced mouse model of acute liver injury was used for the verification of the hepatoprotective effects of ZJP. UPLC-Q-Exactive Plus Orbitrap MS/MS was used for the identification of the components in mouse serum after intragastric administration of ZJP. The hepatoprotective activities of the components found in mouse serum were tested in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes induced by CCl4. RESULTS Nine components with significant hepatoprotective activity including berberine, epiberberine, coptisine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, rutaecarpin, dehydroevodiamine, evocarpine and chlorogenic acid were successfully screened out. CONCLUSIONS Our developed strategy has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost, and would provide a powerful tool for screening potential hepatoprotective components from TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwu Wang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaoting Gu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yanhui Jiang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Youping Liu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xin Di
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Inositol hexakisphosphate induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest in non-Hodgkin’s Burkitt lymphoma cells and mediates anti-angiogenic, antitumor effects in T-cell lymphoma bearing Swiss albino mice. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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3
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Xie SZ, Zhai XY, Xi SY, Qiu YK, Zhang YM, Kong XJ, Li YH, Zhu L, Wang Z, Zhang SG, Huang SQ, Lu DW, Wang Z. The Protective Effects of Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. Against Acute Liver Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:764282. [PMID: 34899319 PMCID: PMC8651617 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.764282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. (ZDP) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been used for several decades to treat patients with liver diseases. Whether ZDP is best administered as a single agent or adjunctive therapy has yet to be determined as does the mechanism whereby it exerts its effects on antagonizing acute liver injury (ALI). Aim of the study: To investigate the protective effects of ZDP on ALI induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and the potential underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Sixty adult mice were randomized into six study groups (n = 10/group). Three groups were treated with different concentrations of ZDP (2.5, 1.25, 0.625 g/kg), one with bifendate (0.0075 g/kg) alone (positive control) and one with physiologic saline (normal, negative control). All groups were treated for 14 days. Two hours after the last administration, the normal group received an intraperitoneal injection of peanut oil, and the other five groups received an intraperitoneal injection of an equal dose of CCl4 peanut oil solution. At 24 h, the liver index, histology and serum or tissue levels and/or protein expression of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), Akt, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65), inhibitor of NF-κB α (IκB-α), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), E-cadherin and vimentin were determined. Results: Compared to the model controls, the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration and hepatocyte injury of liver tissue was relieved in the bifendate and three ZDP groups; liver index in the ZDP (2.5, 1.25 g/kg) groups and serum liver function indices in the ZDP (2.5, 1.25 and 0.625 g/kg) groups were decreased; antioxidants SOD, CAT and GSH in liver tissue were increased but the lipid peroxidation index MDA was decreased; protein expression of inflammatory cytokines Akt, p-Akt, NF-κB p65, IκB-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the liver was ameliorated, and E-cadherin expression was increased. The results of liver histopathology also showed that ZDP had a significant effect on ALI. Conclusion: ZDP has obvious protective effects on CCl4-induced ALI as a single therapy and appears to act by inhibiting oxidation, reducing the release of inflammatory factors and promoting hepatocyte repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Zhi Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Haicang Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Sheng-Yan Xi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying-Kun Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu-Mei Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yun-Hong Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shan-Gang Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shu-Qiong Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Da-Wei Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and the identification of possible reductants for the assessment of in vitro cytotoxic and in vivo antitumor effects. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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5
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Frank D, Savir S, Gruenbaum BF, Melamed I, Grinshpun J, Kuts R, Knyazer B, Zlotnik A, Vinokur M, Boyko M. Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32420997 DOI: 10.3791/60695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) plays a crucial role in the development of hepatic failure, which is characterized by severe liver dysfunction including complications such as hepatic encephalopathy and impaired protein synthesis. Appropriate animal models are vital to test the mechanism and pathophysiology of ALI and investigate different hepatoprotective strategies. Due to its ability to perform chemical transformations, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is widely used in the liver to induce ALI through the formation of reactive oxygen species. CCl4 exposure can be performed intraperitoneally, by inhalation, or through a nasogastric or orogastric tube. Here, we describe a rodent model, in which ALI is induced by CCl4 exposure through an orogastric tube. This method is inexpensive, easily performed, and has minimal hazard risk. The model is highly reproducible and can be widely used to determine the efficacy of potential hepatoprotective strategies and assess markers of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Frank
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Shiri Savir
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | | | - Israel Melamed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Julia Grinshpun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Ruslan Kuts
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Boris Knyazer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Alexander Zlotnik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Max Vinokur
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Matthew Boyko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev;
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Im AR, Nam J, Ji KY, Cha S, Yoon J, Seo YK, Chae S, Kim JY. Wrinkle reduction using a topical herbal cream in subjects classified by Sasang constitutional medicine as Soyang type: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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7
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Zhang H, Jacob JA, Jiang Z, Xu S, Sun K, Zhong Z, Varadharaju N, Shanmugam A. Hepatoprotective effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Rhizophora apiculata. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3517-3524. [PMID: 31190808 PMCID: PMC6535432 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s198895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver plays a vital role in the elimination of xenobiotics that can induce hepatotoxicity in living organisms.Silver nanoparticles have evolved recently as an alternative in various industries and are used for their biomedical applications.Rhizophora apiculata is a least studied mangrove-based plant that has been used in the traditional medicine of Southeast Asia for its healing properties. It is a well-known fact that the generation of free radicals has been associated with oxidative stress. Methods: Hence, in this study we used carbon tetrachloride as a hepatotoxin to induce liver damage. The protective effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Rhizophora apiculata on hepatotoxin-induced liver damage in experimental mice were assessed. Results: The results of the assessment indicate that silver nanoparticles were effective in protecting the liver from damages induced by carbon tetrachloride. Conclusion: Among existing literature, this is the first ever approach for hepatoprotective effect of nanoparticles derived using plant extract from mangrove ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Joe Antony Jacob
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ziyu Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Senlei Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Sun
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehao Zhong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Nithya Varadharaju
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Achiraman Shanmugam
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
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8
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Du J, Ding X, Zhang X, Zhao X, Shan H, Wang F. Berberine attenuate staphylococcal enterotoxin B-mediated acute liver injury via regulating HDAC expression. AMB Express 2018; 8:158. [PMID: 30276552 PMCID: PMC6167266 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) has been documented to be implicated in the pathogenesis of liver injury in the experimental models of hepatitis. However, the underlying mechanism of SEB-induced acute liver injury (ALI) remains to be further explored. In our study, we explored the therapeutic effectiveness of berberine (BBR), a natural isoquinoline alkaloid, in the SEB-induced ALI. In our study, we found that injection of SEB into d-galactosamine (d-gal)-sensitized mice induced ALI, as demonstrated by an increase of levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, massive infiltration of immune cells into the liver, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. However, intragastric administration of BBR attenuated SEB-induced ALI in mice. Meanwhile, we discovered that BBR treatment suppressed activation of splenocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in SEB-stimulated splenocytes. Moreover, mechanistic analyses demonstrated that BBR was effective at inhibiting the expression of class I HDAC, but not class II, in SEB-stimulated splenocytes. Furthermore, trichostatin A, a standard HDAC inhibitor, alleviated activation of splenocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in SEB-stimulated splenocytes. Taken together, we inferred from these results that BBR attenuated SEB-mediated ALI through repressing the class I HDAC enzyme, suggesting that BBR may constitute a novel therapeutic modality to prevent SEB-mediated inflammation and ALI.
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9
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Update on the Benefits and Mechanisms of Action of the Bioactive Vegetal Alkaloid Berberine on Lipid Metabolism and Homeostasis. CHOLESTEROL 2018; 2018:7173920. [PMID: 30057809 PMCID: PMC6051272 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7173920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Elevation of circulating levels of blood cholesterol, especially LDL cholesterol, and/or the decrease of HDL cholesterol levels have long been recognized as primary risk factors for developing atherosclerosis that leads to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Hypertriglyceridemia is an independent risk factor that is known to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Thus, various interventional efforts aimed at reducing hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia have been practiced clinically for decades to reduce morbidity and mortality risk associated with deleterious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. As such, many drugs have been developed and clinically used to treat hypocholesteremia and/or hypertriglyceridemia; however, dietary approaches including supplements along with changes in nutrition and lifestyle have become increasingly attractive and acceptable methods used to control borderline or moderately increased levels of blood cholesterol and triacylglycerols. In this regard, the use of a plant/herbal bioactive compound, berberine (BBR), has recently been studied extensively in terms of its efficacy as well as its mechanisms of action and safety as an alternative intervention that beneficially modulates blood lipids. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on BBR research, new concepts and directions in terms of product development and current challenges, and future prospects of using BBR to manage diseases and complications associated with dyslipidemia.
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10
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He SM, Liang YL, Cong K, Chen G, Zhao X, Zhao QM, Zhang JJ, Wang X, Dong Y, Yang JL, Zhang GH, Qian ZL, Fan W, Yang SC. Identification and Characterization of Genes Involved in Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Coptis Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:731. [PMID: 29915609 PMCID: PMC5995273 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The dried rhizomes of Coptis chinensis have been extensively used in heat clearing, dampness drying, fire draining, and detoxification by virtue of their major bioactive components, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs). However, C. teeta and C. chinensis are occasionally interchanged, and current understanding of the molecular basis of BIA biosynthesis in these two species is limited. Here, berberine, coptisine, jatrorrhizine, and palmatine were detected in two species, and showed the highest contents in the roots, while epiberberine were found only in C. chinensis. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of the roots and leaves of C. teeta and C. chinensis, respectively, identified 53 and 52 unigenes encoding enzymes potentially involved in BIA biosynthesis. By integrating probable biosynthetic pathways for BIAs, the jatrorrhizine biosynthesis ill-informed previously was further characterized. Two genes encoding norcoclaurine/norlaudanosoline 6-O-methyltransferases (Cc6OMT1 and Cc6OMT2) and one gene encoding norcoclaurine-7OMT (Ct7OMT) catalyzed enzymatically O-methylate (S)-norcoclaurine at C6 that yield (S)-coclaurine, along with a smaller amount of O-methylation occurred at C7, thereby forming its isomer (isococlaurine). In addition, scoulerine 9-OMT (CtSOMT) was determined to show strict substrate specificity, targeting (S)-scoulerine to yield (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine. Taken together, the integration of the transcriptome and enzyme activity assays further provides new insight into molecular mechanisms underlying BIA biosynthesis in plants and identifies candidate genes for the study of synthetic biology in microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Mei He
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Li Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Kun Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Geng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qi-Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jia-Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Province Key Laboratory, Biological Big Data College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jian-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Long Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng-Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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11
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Wei DD, Wang JS, Duan JA, Kong LY. Metabolomic Assessment of Acute Cholestatic Injuries Induced by Thioacetamide and by Bile Duct Ligation, and the Protective Effects of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:458. [PMID: 29867467 PMCID: PMC5952270 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction, a traditional Chinese formula, has been reported to protect liver from various injuries. Two cholestasis models of rats induced by thioacetamide and by bile duct ligation were established and treated with Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-based urinary metabolic profiles were analyzed by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and univariate analysis to excavate differential metabolites associated with the injuries of the two models and the treatment effects of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction. The two cholestatic models shared common metabolic features of excessive fatty acid oxidation, insufficient glutathione regeneration and disturbed gut flora, with specific characteristics of inhibited urea cycle and DNA damage in thioacetamide-intoxicated model, and perturbed Kreb's cycle and inhibited branched chain amino acid oxidation in bile duct ligation model. With good treatment effects, Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction could regain the balance of the disturbed metabolic status common in the two cholestasis injuries, e.g., unbalanced redox system and disturbed gut flora; and perturbed urea cycle in thioacetamide-intoxicated model and energy crisis (disturbed Kreb's cycle and oxidation of branched chain amino acid) in bile duct ligation model, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Wei
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Li YH, Zhou YH, Ren YZ, Xu CG, Liu X, Liu B, Chen JQ, Ding WY, Zhao YL, Yang YB, Wang S, Liu D. Inhibition of Streptococcus suis Adhesion and Biofilm Formation in Vitro by Water Extracts of Rhizoma Coptidis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:371. [PMID: 29713285 PMCID: PMC5911698 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is difficult to treat and responsible for various infections in humans and pigs. It can also form biofilms and induce persistent infections. Rhizoma Coptidis is a medicinal plant widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Although the inhibitory effects of Rhizoma Coptidis on biofilm formation have been investigated in several studies, the ability of Rhizoma Coptidis to inhibit S. suis biofilm formation and the underlying mechanisms have not yet been reported. In this study, we showed that sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (25 and 50 μg mL-1) of water extracts of Rhizoma Coptidis (Coptis deltoidea C.Y.Cheng & P.K.Hsiao, obtained from Sichuan Province) were sufficient to inhibit biofilm formation, as shown in the tissue culture plate (TCP) method and scanning electron microscopy. Real-time PCR and iTRAQ were used to measure gene and protein expression in S. suis. Sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (25 and 50 μg mL-1) of Rhizoma Coptidis water extracts inhibited S. suis adhesion significantly in an anti-adherence assay. Some genes, such as gapdh, sly, and mrp, and proteins, such as antigen-like protein, CPS16V, and methyltransferase H, involved in adhesion were significantly modulated in cells treated with 50 μg mL-1 of Rhizoma Coptidis water extracts compared to untreated cells. The results from this study suggest that compounds in Rhizoma Coptidis water extracts play an important role in inhibiting adhesion of S. suis cells and, therefore, biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Hui Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Zhi Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Chang-Geng Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Jian-Qing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Wen-Ya Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Bei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Di Liu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Metabolism of Rhizoma coptidis in Human Urine by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 43:441-452. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-018-0463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Zhang QS, Wang GW, Han ZQ, Chen XM, Na R, Jin H, Li P, Bu R. Metabolic profile of Rhizoma coptidis in human plasma determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:63-73. [PMID: 28926137 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Rhizoma coptidis extract and its alkaloids show various pharmacological activities, but its metabolic profile in human plasma has not been thoroughly investigated. In the present research, the metabolism of Rhizoma coptidis at a clinical dose (5 g/60 kg/day) was systematically analyzed to determine its biotransformation processes in human plasma. METHODS In this research, the metabolites of Rhizoma coptidis in human plasma after oral administration of Rhizoma coptidis extract at a clinical dose were investigated using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with high-resolution LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The structural elucidation of the constituents was confirmed by comparing their retention times (tR ) and MSn fragments with those of standards and literature reports. RESULTS In total, two prototypes and twelve metabolites were detected in human plasma. The two prototypes were confidently identified using reference standards. Of the compounds detected, M7 (berberrubinen-9-O-glucuronide) was the most abundant based on its peak area, which indicates that this compound might be a pharmacokinetic marker for Rhizoma coptidis alkaloids in humans. Based on the metabolites detected in human plasma, a possible metabolic pathway for Rhizoma coptidis in vivo was proposed. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the alkaloids in Rhizoma coptidis were extensively biotransformed in vivo mainly via conjugation with glucuronic acid (GluA) or sulfuric acid (SulA) to form phase II metabolites, and the GluA metabolites are likely the dominant form in human plasma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in vivo evaluation of the metabolic profile of the whole Rhizoma coptidis extract in human plasma, which is essential for determining the chemicals responsible for the pharmacological activities of Rhizoma coptidis in vivo. Moreover, it would be beneficial for us to further systematically study the pharmacokinetic behavior of Rhizoma coptidis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Shan Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, P.R. China
| | - Gao-Wa Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Han
- Medical Institution Conducting Clinical Trials for Human Used Drug of Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, PR China
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- Mongolian Medicine College of Pharmacy of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, PR China
| | - Risu Na
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, P.R. China
| | - Haburi Jin
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, P.R. China
| | - Renbatu Bu
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, P.R. China
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Resveratrol pretreatment reduces circulating inflammatory interleukins in CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bfopcu.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Su G, Wang H, Gao Y, Chen G, Pei Y, Bai J. ¹H-NMR-Based Metabonomics of the Protective Effect of Coptis chinensis and Berberine on Cinnabar-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Rats. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111855. [PMID: 29099071 PMCID: PMC6150353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coptis chinensis Franch has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for treating infectious and inflammatory diseases for over two thousand years. Berberine (BN), an isoquinoline alkaloid, is the main component of Coptis chinensis. The pharmacological basis for its therapeutic effects, which include hepatoprotective effects on liver injuries, has been studied intensively, yet the therapy of liver injuries and underlying mechanism remain unclear. We investigated the detoxification mechanism of Coptis chinensis and berberine using metabolomics of urine and serum in the present study. After the treatment with Coptis chinensis and berberine, compared with the cinnabar group, Coptis chinensis and berberine can regulate the concentration of the endogenous metabolites. PLS-DA score plots demonstrated that the urine and serum metabolic profiles in rats of the Coptis chinensis and berberine groups were similar those of the control group, yet remarkably apart from the cinnabar group. The mechanism may be related to the endogenous metabolites including energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism and metabolism of intestinal flora in rats. Meanwhile, liver and kidney histopathology examinations and serum clinical chemistry analysis verified the experimental results of metabonomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyue Su
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Yuxian Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Yuehu Pei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Jiao Bai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Zhou H, Zhang P, Hou Z, Xie J, Wang Y, Yang B, Xu Y, Li Y. Research on the Relationships between Endogenous Biomarkers and Exogenous Toxic Substances of Acute Toxicity in Radix Aconiti. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121623. [PMID: 27898008 PMCID: PMC6273418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix Aconiti, a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been widely used throughout China for disease treatment due to its various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, cardiotonic, and analgesic effects. However, improper use of Radix Aconiti often generated severe acute toxicity. Currently, research on the toxic substances of Radix Aconiti is not rare. In our previous study, acute toxic biomarkers of Radix Aconiti have been found. However, few studies were available to find the relationships between these endogenous biomarkers and exogenous toxic substances. Therefore, in this study, toxic substances of Radix Aconiti have been found using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology. Then, we used biochemical indicators as a bridge to find the relationships between biomarkers and toxic substances of Radix Aconiti through Pearson correlation analysis and canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Finally, the CCA results showed that LysoPC(22:5) is related to 14-acetyl-talatisamine, mesaconitine, talatisamine and deoxyaconitine in varying degrees; l-acetylcarnitine is negatively correlated with deoxyaconitine and demethyl-14-acetylkaracoline; shikimic acid has a good correlation with karacoline, demethyl-14-acetylkaracoline and deoxyaconitine; and valine is correlated with talatisamine and deoxyaconitine. Research on these relationships provides an innovative way to interpret the toxic mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine, and plays a positive role in the overall study of TCM toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Zhou
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan West Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Pengjie Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan West Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Zhiguo Hou
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan West Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Jiabin Xie
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan West Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yuming Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan West Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan West Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan West Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yubo Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan West Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
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New Exploration of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Hepatology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3056438. [PMID: 27525018 PMCID: PMC4971296 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3056438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Kim E, Ahn S, Rhee HI, Lee DC. Coptis chinensis Franch. extract up-regulate type I helper T-cell cytokine through MAPK activation in MOLT-4 T cell. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 189:126-131. [PMID: 27224239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried rhizome of Coptis chinensis Franch. (Huanglian) has been widely used in Asian traditional medicine. It was already known that Coptis chinensis Franch. rhizome has various pharmacological properties including its anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activity. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the immune-enhancement effect of the Coptis chinensis Franch. rhizome extract on helper T cells and its signaling mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS MOLT-4 human T cell line was used to investigate the effect of the Coptis chinensis Franch. rhizome extract. Cell viability was measured by the MTT assay and cytokine expression level was analyzed by ELISA and qRTPCR. MAPKs signal molecule's activation level was detected by immunoblotting. RESULTS The expression of IFN-γ, a cytokine of type I helper T (Th1) cell, increased; however, IL-4 was not affected by the Coptis chinensis Franch. rhizome extract. Other Th1 cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-6, also increased. These data suggest that the Coptis chinensis Franch. rhizome extract activates MOLT-4 cell to Th1 cell, not type II helper T cell. Furthermore, the Coptis chinensis Franch. rhizome extract activates the Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) signaling pathways. CONCLUSION The results obtained from this study suggest that the Coptis chinensis Franch. rhizome extract should be used as an immune enhancer in anti-inflammatory medicine, adjuvant materials, and as a supplement to treat weakened immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sejin Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Ik Rhee
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Deug-Chan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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NLRP3 inflammasome as a target of berberine in experimental murine liver injury: interference with P2X7 signalling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:1793-806. [PMID: 27439970 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Berberine (BRB) is commonly used in herbal medicine, but its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. In the present study, we tested BRB in steatohepatitis induced by a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet, in acute acetaminophen intoxication and in cultured murine macrophages. BRB markedly improved parameters of liver injury and necroinflammation induced by the MCD diet, although increased mortality was observed by mechanisms independent of bacterial infections or plasma levels of BRB. The MCD diet induced up-regulation of all components of the NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR and PYD domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome, and increased hepatic levels of mature IL-1β (interleukin 1β). All of these parameters were significantly reduced in mice treated with BRB. In mice administered an acetaminophen overdose, a model dependent on inflammasome activation, BRB reduced mortality and ALT (alanine aminotransferase) elevation, and limited the expression of inflammasome components. In vitro, LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in RAW264.7 murine macrophages was markedly decreased by pre-incubation with BRB. BRB significantly limited the activation of the purinergic receptor P2X7, involved in the late phases of inflammasome activation. Upon P2X7 knockdown, the ability of BRB to block LPS-induced secretion of IL-1β was lost. These data indicate that administration of BRB ameliorates inflammation and injury in two unrelated murine models of liver damage. We demonstrate for the first time that BRB interferes with activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in vivo and in vitro, through a mechanism based on interference with activation of P2X7, a purinergic receptor involved in inflammasome activation.
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Effects of Coptidis Rhizoma on Cell Cycle, DNA Damage, and Apoptosis in L929 Murine Fibroblast Cells. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(16)60046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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He K, Hu Y, Ma H, Zou Z, Xiao Y, Yang Y, Feng M, Li X, Ye X. Rhizoma Coptidis alkaloids alleviate hyperlipidemia in B6 mice by modulating gut microbiota and bile acid pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1696-709. [PMID: 27287254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is hypothesized that Rhizoma Coptidis (RC) alkaloids exert their hypolipidemic effects primarily by targeting the gastrointestinal tract and liver. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic mechanisms of RC alkaloids (at a daily dose of 140mg/kg for 35days) in high-fat and high-cholesterol induced hyperlipidemic B6 mice. After treatment, serum lipid parameters were determined, the expression of lipid metabolism related genes and pathways such as the sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) and bile acid signaling in mice were also investigated. Meanwhile, Illumina sequencing was used to investigate the differences in gut microbiota of B6 mice. The results indicated that RC alkaloids reduced the body weight gain and serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total bile acids (TBA) and lipopolysaccharide of B6 mice. Liver fat deposition and epididymal adipose cell size were also deceased in therapy group. RC alkaloids feeding significantly promoted the abundance of Sporobacter termitidis, Alcaligenes faecalis, Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut of mice, whereas, the abundance of Escherichia coli, Desulfovibrio C21_c20, Parabacteroides distasonis was suppressed. The observed antihyperlipidemic effects of RC alkaloids can also be attributed to their action as agonists of FXR and TGR5, activators for SREBP2, LDLR, UCP2 and CYP7A1, inhibitors of HMGCR, TXNIP, TLR4 and JNK. Therefore, this study expands current knowledge on hypolipidemic mechanisms of RC alkaloids and presents new evidence supporting a key role for RC alkaloids as regulators of lipid homeostasis by modulation gut microbiota and hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai He
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan University of Medicine, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Yinran Hu
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hang Ma
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zongyao Zou
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yubo Xiao
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan University of Medicine, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Min Feng
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xuegang Li
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Yang CH, Ting WJ, Shen CY, Hsu HH, Lin YM, Kuo CH, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Tsai Y, Huang CY. Anti-apoptotic effect of San Huang Shel Shin Tang cyclodextrin complex (SHSSTc) on CCl4 -induced hepatotoxicity in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:663-670. [PMID: 25447754 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic loading is heavier in liver especially when injured or inflammation. San Huang Shel Shin Tang (SHSST) was an old traditional herbal decoction, which composed with Rheum officinale Baill, Scutellaria baicalnsis Geprgi and Coptis chinensis Franch (1:1:2 in weight), can provide a liver protection effects. We used a beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) drug modification method in reduce of the necessary dose of the SHSST. As the results, the FAS-FADD expressions leaded apoptosis in CCl4 intraperitoneal (IP) injection induced acute liver injury in rats. Silymarin, baicalein, SHSST, and SHSST β-CD complex (SHSSTc) pretreatments protected liver through the decreasing of the expressions of FAS-FADD and downstream caspase-3 and caspase-8. Particularly, SHSSTc (30 mg/kg day) treatment enhanced cell survival pathway activation through the PI3K, Akt and Bad phosphorylation. Compared with SHSST as well as silymarin and baicalein, SHSSTc provided a magnificent liver protection effect, especially in survival pathway activation/TUNEL-apoptotic cell reduction/serum cholesterol level suppression. All these data suggested that β-CD complex modified the SHSST and promoted the bioavailability and liver protection effects. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 663-670, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsun Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Ting
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yao Shen
- Department of Nursing, MeiHo University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Hsu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Taipei Physical Education College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hai Tsai
- Departmen of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuhsin Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Yeh YL, Ting WJ, Kuo WW, Hsu HH, Lin YM, Shen CY, Chang CH, Padma VV, Tsai Y, Huang CY. San Huang Shel Shin Tang beta-cyclodextrin complex augmented the hepatoprotective effects against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:150. [PMID: 27234802 PMCID: PMC4884430 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND San Huang Shel Shin Tang (SHSST) is a traditional herbal decoction used as a hepato-protective agent and is composed of Rheum officinale Baill, Scutellaria baicalnsis Geprgi and Coptis chinensis Franch (2:1:1 w/w). Beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) modification may potentially increase the solubility and spectral properties of SHSST. METHODS In this research, the hepato-protective effects of unmodified SHSST, β-CD modified SHSST complex (SHSSTc) and silymarin were evaluated in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. RESULTS SHHSTc (40 mg/kg/day) and silymarin (100 mg/kg/day) both decreased the CCl4-induced cirrhosis pathway-related transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and apoptosis pathway-related caspase-8 protein expressions, but SHSST (40 mg/kg/day) did not reduce TGF-β and caspase-8 significantly . Moreover, SHHSTc (40 mg/kg/day) enhanced the activation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) mediated survival pathway than the silymarin (100 mg/kg/day) to protect the liver from damage induced by CCl4. CONCLUSIONS β-CD modification promotes hepato-protective effects of SHSST and reduces the required-dosage of the SHSST.
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Berberine Inhibition of Fibrogenesis in a Rat Model of Liver Fibrosis and in Hepatic Stellate Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:8762345. [PMID: 27239214 PMCID: PMC4867075 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8762345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aim. To examine the effect of berberine (BBR) on liver fibrosis and its possible mechanisms through direct effects on hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Methods. The antifibrotic effect of BBR was determined in a rat model of bile duct ligation- (BDL-) induced liver fibrosis. Multiple cellular and molecular approaches were introduced to examine the effects of BBR on HSC. Results. BBR potently inhibited hepatic fibrosis induced by BDL in rats. It exhibited cytotoxicity to activated HSC at doses nontoxic to hepatocytes. High doses of BBR induced apoptosis of activated HSC, which was mediated by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and Bcl-2/Bax imbalance. Low doses of BBR suppressed activation of HSC as evidenced by the inhibition of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and cell motility. BBR did not affect Smad2/3 phosphorylation but significantly activated 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling, which was responsible for the transcriptional inhibition by BBR of profibrogenic factors α-SMA and collagen in HSC. Conclusion. BBR is a promising agent for treating liver fibrosis through multiple mechanisms, at least partially by directly targeting HSC and by inhibiting the AMPK pathway. Its value as an antifibrotic drug in patients with liver disease deserves further investigation.
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Wang N, Tan HY, Li L, Yuen MF, Feng Y. Berberine and Coptidis Rhizoma as potential anticancer agents: Recent updates and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 176:35-48. [PMID: 26494507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The antineoplastic property of Coptidis Rhizoma and berberine was correlated with its traditional use of clearing internal fire, removing damp-heat and counteracting toxic pathogens. AIM OF THE STUDY The anti-tumor effect of Coptidis Rhizoma and berberine was extensively studied since our last comprehensive review in 2009. This study aims to summarize the recent updates and give rise to perspectives of Coptidis Rhizoma and berberine as potential novel antineoplastic agents. METHODS Quality studies in recent 5 years were retrieved from PubMed, Medline and CNKI with keywords including Coptis, Coptidis Rhizoma, huanglian, berberine, tumor and cancer. Studies were focused on the pharmacological actions of Coptidis Rhizoma and berberine in cancer progression. RESULTS It was shown that Coptidis Rhizoma extract and berberine may repress tumor progression by regressing abnormal cell proliferation, arresting cell cycle and inducing cell death. Studies also highlighted the actions of Coptidis Rhizoma extract and berberine in inhibiting tumor cell invasion and angiogenesis, which in turn abolish cancer metastasis. Some studies have also been conducted to reveal the potential effect of Coptidis Rhizoma extract and berberine in regulating tumor stromal microenvironment, as well as in preventing carcinogenesis. Most of the results have been demonstrated with in vivo models, but results of high-quality clinical trials are not yet available. Unspecified cancer type and staging, fluctuated dose information and variants of targets across studies of berberine/ Coptidis Rhizoma impede their clinical use for cancer treatment. CONCLUSION Recent advances highlighted by this review may shed light on future direction of studies featuring Coptidis Rhizoma and berberine as novel antineoplastic agents, which should be repeatedly proven in future animal and clinical studies. Although more evidences on its specificity and clinical efficacy are necessary to support its clinical use, Coptidis Rhizoma and berberine are highly expected to be effective, safe and affordable treatments for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Fung Yuen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Queen Mary Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Hong M, Li S, Tan HY, Wang N, Tsao SW, Feng Y. Current Status of Herbal Medicines in Chronic Liver Disease Therapy: The Biological Effects, Molecular Targets and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28705-45. [PMID: 26633388 PMCID: PMC4691073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver dysfunction or injury is a serious health problem worldwide. Chronic liver disease involves a wide range of liver pathologies that include fatty liver, hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The efficiency of current synthetic agents in treating chronic liver disease is not satisfactory and they have undesirable side effects. Thereby, numerous medicinal herbs and phytochemicals have been investigated as complementary and alternative treatments for chronic liver diseases. Since some herbal products have already been used for the management of liver diseases in some countries or regions, a systematic review on these herbal medicines for chronic liver disease is urgently needed. Herein, we conducted a review describing the potential role, pharmacological studies and molecular mechanisms of several commonly used medicinal herbs and phytochemicals for chronic liver diseases treatment. Their potential toxicity and side effects were also discussed. Several herbal formulae and their biological effects in chronic liver disease treatment as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms are also summarized in this paper. This review article is a comprehensive and systematic analysis of our current knowledge of the conventional medicinal herbs and phytochemicals in treating chronic liver diseases and on the potential pitfalls which need to be addressed in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hor Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sai-Wah Tsao
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Li S, Tan HY, Wang N, Zhang ZJ, Lao L, Wong CW, Feng Y. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26087-124. [PMID: 26540040 PMCID: PMC4661801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 921] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex antioxidant system has been developed in mammals to relieve oxidative stress. However, excessive reactive species derived from oxygen and nitrogen may still lead to oxidative damage to tissue and organs. Oxidative stress has been considered as a conjoint pathological mechanism, and it contributes to initiation and progression of liver injury. A lot of risk factors, including alcohol, drugs, environmental pollutants and irradiation, may induce oxidative stress in liver, which in turn results in severe liver diseases, such as alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Application of antioxidants signifies a rational curative strategy to prevent and cure liver diseases involving oxidative stress. Although conclusions drawn from clinical studies remain uncertain, animal studies have revealed the promising in vivo therapeutic effect of antioxidants on liver diseases. Natural antioxidants contained in edible or medicinal plants often possess strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging abilities as well as anti-inflammatory action, which are also supposed to be the basis of other bioactivities and health benefits. In this review, PubMed was extensively searched for literature research. The keywords for searching oxidative stress were free radicals, reactive oxygen, nitrogen species, anti-oxidative therapy, Chinese medicines, natural products, antioxidants and liver diseases. The literature, including ours, with studies on oxidative stress and anti-oxidative therapy in liver diseases were the focus. Various factors that cause oxidative stress in liver and effects of antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases were summarized, questioned, and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lixing Lao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chi-Woon Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Cui HM, Zhang QY, Wang JL, Chen JL, Zhang YL, Tong XL. Poor permeability and absorption affect the activity of four alkaloids from Coptis. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7160-8. [PMID: 26352530 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Coptidis rhizoma (Coptis) and its alkaloids exert various pharmacological functions in cells and tissues; however, the oral absorption of these alkaloids requires further elucidation. The present study aimed to examine the mechanism underlying the poor absorption of alkaloids, including berberine (BER), coptisine (COP), palmatine (PAL) and jatrorrhizine (JAT). An ultra‑performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was validated for the determination of BER, COP, PAL and JAT in the above experimental medium. In addition, the apparent oil‑water partition coefficient (Po/w); apparent permeability coefficient (Papp), determined using a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) plate; membrane retention coefficient (R %); and effect of P‑glycoprotein (P‑gp) inhibitor on the Papp of the four alkaloids were investigated. The intestinal absorption rate constant (Ka) and absorption percentage (A %) of the four alkaloids were also determined. The results of the present study demonstrated that the Po/w of the four alkaloids in 0.1 mol·l‑1 HCl medium was significantly higher (P<0.01), compared with those of the alkaloids in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The Papp of BER was 1.0‑1.2x10‑6 cm·s‑1, determined using a PAMPA plate, and the Papp of BER, COP, PAL and JAT decreased sequentially. The concentrations of the four alkaloids on the apical‑to‑basolateral (AP‑BL) surface and the basolateral‑to‑apical (BL‑AP) surface increased in a linear manner, with increasing concentrations between 10 and 100 µmol. In addition, the transportation of BER on the BL‑AP surface was significantly faster (P<0.01), compared with that on the AP‑BL surface and, following the addition of verpamil (a P‑gp inhibitor), the Papp (AP‑BL) of the four alkaloids increased, whereas the Papp (BL‑AP) was significantly decreased (P<0.01). The rat intestinal perfusion experiment demonstrated that the four alkaloids were poorly absorbed; however, the Ka of BER was significantly higher, compared with the three other alkaloids. Furthermore, the A % and Ka provided evidence that the absorption of BER was increased in the jejunum, compared with in the ileum. In conclusion, the four alkaloids from Coptis appeared to be poorly absorbed, determined using a shake flask, pre‑coated PAMPA plates, a Caco‑2 cell monolayer model and intestinal perfusion; however, absorption was higher in the jejunum than in the ileum. Among the four alkaloids, the permeability of BER was markedly higher than the others, and P‑gp efflux had a significant effect on the absorption of those alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ming Cui
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine Research and Development Center, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Yan Zhang
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine Research and Development Center, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Long Wang
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine Research and Development Center, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Long Chen
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine Research and Development Center, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ling Zhang
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine Research and Development Center, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
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YANG CHENGHSUN, TING WEIJEN, SHEN CHIAYAO, HSU HISHSIEN, LIN YUEHMIN, CHANG SHENGHUANG, TSAI FUUJEN, PADMA VISWANADHAVIJAYA, HUANG CHIHYANG, TSAI YUHSIN. SHSST-cyclodextrin complex inhibits TGF-β/Smad3/CTGF to a greater extent than silymarin in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6053-9. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Yuan Y, Wang X, Lu X, Marunaka Y, Wang X. Effect of Coptidis Rhizoma extracts in a water-based solution on insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biomed Res 2015; 35:321-7. [PMID: 25355439 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.35.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate effects and molecular mechanisms of Coptidis Rhizoma extracts (CRE) on the improvement of insulin resistance induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in adipocytes. We examined whether CRE administration could directly influence the insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Potential roles of CRE in glucose consumption, mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor (PPAR-γ), expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) protein, and phosphorylation of IRS-1 Ser307 were also investigated in the present study. Our data demonstrated that TNF-α significantly reduced levels of glucose consumption and IRS-1 protein expression, while TNF-α increased the phosphorylation of IRS-1 Ser307 in adipocytes 24 h after the challenge, suggesting that TNF-α induced a condition with the occurrence of insulin resistance. Those alterations induced by TNF-α were prevented and the mRNA expression of PPAR-γ was up-regulated by the administration of CRE. Thus, our results indicate that CRE can be used to prevent from the TNF-α-induced insulin resistance through PPAR-γ pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Wei D, Liao S, Wang J, Yang M, Kong L. Cholestatic liver injury model of bile duct ligation and the protection of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction by NMR metabolomic profiling. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12224d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile duct ligation (BDL) induced cholestasis in rats and the treatment effects of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction (HLJDD) were investigated by NMR-based metabolomics approach: biphasic feature of BDL model and bilateral adjustment of HLJDD were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Shanting Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Junsong Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- PR China
| | - Minghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
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33
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Cui HM, Zhang QY, Wang JL, Chen JL, Zhang YL, Tong XL. In vitro studies of berberine metabolism and its effect of enzyme induction on HepG2 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 158 Pt A:388-396. [PMID: 25456436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Berberine (BER) and BER-original herbal medicines have a variety of pharmacological functions and have been widely used in clinical. However, its effect of enzyme induction on cytochrome P450 (CYP) in human hepatocytes is unknown. MATERIAL AND METHOD Metabolism of berberine and its effect on main metabolic enzymes in HepG2 cell in vitro was investigated. Cocktail probe drugs, mRNA expression and protein expression were used to evaluate the metabolism potency. Meanwhile, an UPLC-MS/MS method was validated for the analysis of BER and four probe drugs in HepG2 cell. RESULT BER significantly increased the metabolism of midazolam, phenacetin and tolbutamide by inducing the CYP1A2 and 3A4 enzyme in a dose-dependent manner, the mRNA and protein expression of CYP1A2 and 3A4 were increased by berberine at 1000ng·mL(-1). The activity of CYP1A2 and 3A4 could be induced by BER more than 500ng·mL(-1) in HepG2 cell, which was confirmed by the increase of its mRNA and protein expression. CONCLUSION BER increases the metabolism of cocktail drugs such as midazolam, phenacetin and tolbutamide by increasing the mRNA and protein expression of CYP1A2 and 3A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ming Cui
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Qiu-Yan Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jia-Long Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jian-Long Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yu-Ling Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Tong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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Yi L, Liang ZT, Peng Y, Guo P, Wong LL, Wan XJ, Ho HM, Yi T, Zhao ZZ. Histochemical evaluation of alkaloids in rhizome of Coptis chinensis using laser microdissection and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2014; 7:519-30. [PMID: 25209714 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Traditional macroscopic and microscopic identification methods of medicinal materials are economical and practical, but usually experience-based due to few chemical supports. Here histochemical evaluation on bioactive components of Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) in anatomic sections using laser microdissection and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LMD-LC-MS) was developed to correlate the inner quality and outer features of materials from different growing areas. Results of a total 33 peaks representing potential different alkaloids were detected and 8 common peaks were identified as the major alkaloids, namely magnoflorine, thalifendine, columbamine, epiberberine, jatrorrhizine, coptisine, palmatine, and berberine. Six major alkaloids were quantified in the top and middle sections of raw materials and in their tissues and cells at the same time. Histochemical analyses showed consistent results with direct determination in raw materials and explained the reason why top sections of all samples contained higher contents of alkaloids by giving out attributions of each alkaloid in different anatomic sections. Besides, results manifested the distribution and accumulation rules of alkaloids in diverse tissues and cells of CR. This study demonstrates an effective and scientific way to correlate bioactive components and morphological features of medicinal materials, which is beneficial to future research, agriculture and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zhi-Tao Liang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Peng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Guo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lai-Lai Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hing-Man Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Andritoiu CV, Ochiuz L, Andritoiu V, Popa M. Effect of apitherapy formulations against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in Wistar rats after three weeks of treatment. Molecules 2014; 19:13374-91. [PMID: 25178061 PMCID: PMC6270670 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190913374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body is exposed nowadays to increasing attacks by toxic compounds in polluted air, industrially processed foods, alcohol and drug consumption that increase liver toxicity, leading to more and more severe cases of hepatic disorders. The present paper aims to evaluate the influence of the apitherapy diet in Wistar rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, by analyzing the biochemical determinations (enzymatic, lipid and protein profiles, coagulation parameters, minerals, blood count parameters, bilirubin levels) and histopathological changes at the level of liver, spleen and pancreas. The experiment was carried out on six groups of male Wistar rats. Hepatic lesions were induced by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (dissolved in paraffin oil, 10% solution). Two mL per 100 g were administered, every 2 days, for 2 weeks. Hepatoprotection was achieved with two apitherapy diet formulations containing honey, pollen, propolis, Apilarnil, with/without royal jelly. Biochemical results reveal that the two apitherapy diet formulations have a positive effect on improving the enzymatic, lipid, and protein profiles, coagulation, mineral and blood count parameters and bilirubin levels. The histopathological results demonstrate the benefits of the two apitherapy diet formulations on reducing toxicity at the level of liver, spleen and pancreas in laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lacramioara Ochiuz
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, Iasi 700115, Romania.
| | - Vasile Andritoiu
- Apitherapy Medical Center, Balanesti, Nr. 336-337, Gorj 217036, Romania.
| | - Marcel Popa
- Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Iasi 700050, Romania.
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Othman MS, Safwat G, Aboulkhair M, Abdel Moneim AE. The potential effect of berberine in mercury-induced hepatorenal toxicity in albino rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 69:175-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Yang CH, Ting WJ, Day CH, Ju DT, Yeh YL, Chung LC, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Tsai Y, Huang CY. SHSST cyclodextrin complex prevents the fibrosis effect on CCl₄-induced cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in rats through TGF-β pathway inhibition effects. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:8037-48. [PMID: 24815066 PMCID: PMC4057717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15058037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with liver cirrhosis also have subtle cardiac structure or function abnormalities. This cardiac dysfunction commonly occurs in 56% of waiting orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) patients and is defined as cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM). Up to now, there is no standard treatment because CCM does not have a solidly established diagnosis and is based on high clinical suspicion. The liver function of CCM is particularly limited, making patients vulnerable to more drug treatments. Here, we use silymarin (100 mg/kg/day), baicalein (30 mg/kg/day), San Huang Shel Shin Tang (SHSST, 30 mg/kg/day) and β-cyclodextrin modified SHSST (SHSSTc, 30 and 300 mg/kg/day) treatments for a CCl4-induced CCM rat model. The results show that silymarin, baicalein and SHSST treatments can only slightly reduce the collagen accumulation in CCM rat hearts. However, SHSSTc treatment protects the heart in CCM and significantly inhibits collagen acumination and the fibrosis regulating transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway expression. SHSSTc treatments further reduced the heart weight and the ratio between left ventricular weight (LVW) and tibia length (TL). This experimental data show that water solubility improved β-cyclodextrin modified Chinese herbal medicine formula (SHSSTc) can provide an excellent heart protection effect through TGF-β pathway inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsun Yang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Jen Ting
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Cecilia Hsuan Day
- Department of Nursing, Mei Ho University, 23 Pingguang Road, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
| | - Da-Tong Ju
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Chenggong Road, Neihu District, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Lan Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nanxiao Street, Changhua 50006, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Chin Chung
- Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, China Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, 60, Section 1, Erren Road, Rende District, Tainan 71710, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Jenn Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Hai Tsai
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, 500 Lioufeng Road, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Yuhsin Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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In Vitro Screening for Antihepatic Steatosis Active Components within Coptidis Rhizoma Alkaloids Extract Using Liver Cell Extraction with HPLC Analysis and a Free Fatty Acid-Induced Hepatic Steatosis HepG2 Cell Assay. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:459390. [PMID: 24454495 PMCID: PMC3878276 DOI: 10.1155/2013/459390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A high-throughput method was developed and applied to screen for the active antihepatic steatosis components within Coptidis Rhizoma Alkaloids Extract (CAE). This method was a combination of two previously described assays: HepG2 cell extraction with HPLC analysis and a free fatty acid-induced (FFA) hepatic steatosis HepG2 cell assay. Two alkaloids within CAE, berberine and coptisine, were identified by HepG2 cell extraction with HPLC analysis as high affinity components for HepG2. These alkaloids were also determined to be active and potent compounds capable of lowering triglyceride (TG) accumulation in the FFA-induced hepatic steatosis HepG2 cell assay. This remarkable inhibition of TG accumulation (P < 0.01) by berberine and coptisine occurred at concentrations of 0.2 μg/mL and 5.0 μg/mL, respectively. At these concentrations, the effect seen was similar to that of a CAE at 100.0 μg/mL. Another five alkaloids within CAE, palmatine, epiberberine, jateorhizine, columbamine, and magnoline, were found to have a lower affinity for cellular components from HepG2 cells and a lower inhibition of TG accumulation. The finding of two potent and active compounds within CAE indicates that the screening method we developed is a feasible, rapid, and useful tool for studying traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in treating hepatic steatosis.
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Qian J, Wang L, Yuan X, Wang L, Chen T. Dose-related regulatory effect of intravenous immunoglobulin on dendritic cells-mediated immune response. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 36:33-42. [PMID: 24308297 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2013.864668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been successfully applied in immune-related diseases of adults and neonates, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the distinct impacts of IVIG on cultured dendritic cells (DCs) from newborn and healthy adult. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples were collected from eight full-term newborns and eight healthy adult volunteers. DCs from cord blood and peripheral blood were both cultured in the RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% fetal calf serum, 50 ng/ml granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and 10 ng/ml recombinant human interleukin-4 (rhIL-4) for 5 d with therapeutic IVIG (20 mg/ml) or physiological IVIG (10 mg/ml). Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs, 1 μg/ml) were added on the fifth day to induce the maturation of immature DCs. The phagocytosis of monocytes, expression of MR (mannose receptor), CD14, CD1a, CD80, CD83, CD86 and MHC II were examined by flow cytometry. The expression of IL-4 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR, while IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-10 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) commercial kits. RESULTS IVIG of therapeutic dose inhibited the phagocytosis, differentiation and maturation of DCs, whereas physiological dose exhibited an accelerated role in vitro, especially on DCs from neonates, but aroused different effects on cytokine secretion. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The different responses are generally due to immature immune system of neonate, which has a limit capacity to maintain immunity homeostasis. Modulation of DCs phagocytosis, differentiation, maturation and cytokine secretion by IVIG is of potential relevance to its dosage and immune status of patients.
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Teng H, Choi YH. Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of bioactive alkaloid compounds from Rhizoma Coptidis (Coptis chinensis Franch.). Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Teng H, Choi YH. Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of bioactive alkaloid compounds from rhizoma coptidis (Coptis chinensis Franch.) using response surface methodology. Food Chem 2013; 142:299-305. [PMID: 24001845 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The optimum extraction conditions for the maximum recovery of total alkaloid content (TAC), berberine content (BC), palmatine content (PC), and the highest antioxidant capacity (AC) from rhizoma coptidis subjected to ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). Central composite design (CCD) with three variables and five levels was employed, and response surface plots were constructed in accordance with a second order polynomial model. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the quadratic model was well fitted and significant for responses of TAC, BC, PC, and AA. The optimum conditions obtained through the overlapped contour plot were as follows: ethanol concentration of 59%, extraction time of 46.57min, and temperature of 66.22°C. Verification experiment was carried out, and no significant difference was found between observed and estimated values for each response, suggesting that the estimated models were reliable and valid for UAE of alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Teng
- School of Food Science and Bio-Technology, Kyungpook National University, 1370-Sankyunk Dong, Puk Gu, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
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Rao BG, Rao YV, Rao TM. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant capacity of Melochia corchorifolia extracts. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2013; 6:537-43. [PMID: 23768825 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(13)60092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Domitrović R, Jakovac H, Marchesi VV, Blažeković B. Resolution of liver fibrosis by isoquinoline alkaloid berberine in CCl₄-intoxicated mice is mediated by suppression of oxidative stress and upregulation of MMP-2 expression. J Med Food 2013; 16:518-28. [PMID: 23734997 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the result of chronic liver injury, and it represents a widespread medical problem. The aim of this study is to investigate the antifibrotic activity of isoquinoline alkaloid berberine in carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced damage in mice. Hepatic fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of CCl₄ (2 mL/kg, 20% v/v in olive oil) twice a week for 8 weeks. Berberine at the doses of 3 and 9 mg/kg and silymarin at the dose of 50 mg/kg were given i.p. once daily for the next 2 weeks. CCl₄ intoxication increased the levels of serum transaminases and induced oxidative stress in the liver. Hepatic fibrosis was evidenced by a massive deposition of collagen, which coincided with increased expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and the activation of hepatic stellate cells. The high-dose berberine (9 mg/kg) ameliorated oxidative stress, decreased TNF-α and TGF-β1 expression, increased the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and stimulated the elimination of fibrous deposits. Berberine at the dose of 9 mg/kg exhibited stronger therapeutic activity against hepatic fibrosis than silymarin at the dose of 50 mg/kg. In vitro analyses show an important scavenging activity of berberine against oxygen and nitrogen reactive species. The results of this study suggest that berberine could ameliorate liver fibrosis through the suppression of hepatic oxidative stress and fibrogenic potential, concomitantly stimulating the degradation of collagen deposits by MMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Domitrović
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
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Wang H, Bai J, Chen G, Li W, Xiang R, Su G, Pei Y. A metabolic profiling analysis of the acute hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of Zhusha Anshen Wan compared with cinnabar in rats using (1)H NMR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:572-80. [PMID: 23376283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zhusha Anshen Wan (ZSASW), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, composed of cinnabar (cinnabaris), Coptidis Rhizoma (Coptis chinensis French.), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Angelica sinensis (oliv.) Diels), uncooked Rehmanniae Radix (Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.), honey fried Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.), has been widely used for sedative therapy. Cinnabar, the chief component of ZSASW, has been proved to possess the toxicities. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, a metabonomics approach based on high-resolution (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was applied to investigate the protective effects of ZSASW on the toxic effects induced by cinnabar alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control group, ZSASW group and cinnabar group. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed to identify different metabolic profiles of urine and serum from rats. Liver and kidney histopathology examinations and serum clinical chemistry analysis were also performed. RESULTS The significant difference in metabolic profiling of urine and serum of the rats was observed between cinnabar treated group, control group, and the changes of endogenous metabolites related to the toxicities were identified. The results were also certified by the liver and kidney histopathology examinations and biochemical analysis of blood. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the four combined herbal medicines of ZSASW had the effects of protecting from the toxicity induced by cinnabar alone. This work showed that the NMR-based metabonomics approach might be a promising approach to study detoxification of Chinese medicines and reasonable combination of TCM prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
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Antimicrobial activity of Leucas aspera engineered silver nanoparticles against Aeromonas hydrophila in infected Catla catla. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 109:20-4. [PMID: 23603038 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This research describes green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing Leucas aspera. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and inductively coupled plasmon optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). UV-vis analysis proved the wavelength of the sample to be 429 nm, resembling the surface resonance peak (SPR) specific for AgNPs. DLS analysis indicated particles with superior stability with an average diameter of 189.3 nm. TEM results showed that the particles were in the size range of 29-45 nm. FTIR prediction indicated the presence of possible polyphenol and protein encapsulates on the AgNPs. Antimicrobial activity of the AgNPs was tested against Aeromonas hydrophila. Catla catla, the model organism used for the experiment was divided into six groups with 15 animals in each group. In vivo analysis of biochemical parameters and histological architecture provided evidence for the antibacterial effect of AgNPs in the fish model.
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Yi J, Ye X, Wang D, He K, Yang Y, Liu X, Li X. Safety evaluation of main alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 145:303-310. [PMID: 23159469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhizoma Coptidis (RC), a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for the treatment of heat-clearing and detoxifying, but there is very little information on its safety. AIM OF THE STUDY To provide information on the safety of RC, we evaluated the toxicity of the crude RC and RC alkaloids (berberine, coptisine, palmatine and epiberberine) including cytotoxicity, acute toxicity in mice and sub-chronic toxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxicity of RC alkaloids was tested in HepG2 and 3T3-L1 cells by the MTT assay. The acute toxicity of RC alkaloids was tested in mice and the mortality was calculated at the end of experiment. For sub-chronic toxicity study, the rats were treated with the RC alkaloids at a dose of 156 mg/kg/day and RC at a dose of 521 mg/kg/day for 90 days. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, organ weights, urinalysis and hematological parameters, gross necropsy and histopathology were monitored during the study period. RESULTS The cell assay indicates that the IC(50) values of berberine, coptisine, palmatine and epiberberine in HepG2 cells were 48.17, 64.81, 112.80 and 120.58 μg/mL, which in 3T3-L1 cells were 41.76, 56.48, 84.32 and 104.18 μg/mL, respectively. In the acute toxicity assay, the LD(50) values of four alkaloids were 713.57, 852.12, 1533.68 and 1360 mg/kg, respectively. However, in the sub-chronic toxicity study, no mortality and morbidity were observed which could be related to RC alkaloids and RC treatment. Besides, there was no abnormality in clinical signs, body weights, organ weights, urinalysis, hematological parameters, gross necropsy and histopathology in any of the animals after the oral administration of RC alkaloids and RC. CONCLUSIONS Taking these results together, we came to the conclusion that the toxicity of berberine is the maximum and palmatine is the minimal in four RC alkaloids. The currently recommended doses of RC alkaloids and RC consumed are relatively safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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Wang N, Feng Y, Cheung F, Chow OY, Wang X, Su W, Tong Y. A comparative study on the hepatoprotective action of bear bile and Coptidis Rhizoma aqueous extract on experimental liver fibrosis in rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2012. [PMID: 23190573 PMCID: PMC3543725 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Bear bile and Coptidis Rhizoma have been used in Chinese medicine with a long tradition in treating heat-diseases. Both bear bile and Coptidis Rhizoma are used to treat liver diseases in clinical practice of Chinese Medicine. Since bears are currently endangered, it raises the question whether the use of bear bile is ethical. To look for substitute for bear bile, the aim of this study is to compare the anti-fibrotic effects of Coptidis Rhizoma and its major component berberine with the actions of bear bile and its major compound tauroursodeoxycholic acid on experimental liver fibrosis in rats. METHOD Quality assessment was conducted with high performance liquid chromatography. The experimental liver fibrosis in rats was induced by carbon tetrachloride, alcohol, and bile duct ligation respectively. The biochemical criteria in the blood and tissue samples were measured to evaluate the anti-fibrotic properties and underlying mechanisms of the drugs. RESULTS Coptidis Rhizoma Aqueous Extract (CRAE), berberine, and bear bile exerted anti-fibrotic properties on various liver fibrosis models in rats. CRAE and berberine significantly reduced the peroxidative stress in liver through increasing the superoxide dismutase enzyme activity. CRAE and berberine were able to excrete bilirubin products from the liver and protect hepatocytes from cholestatic damage. The effect of CRAE and berberine are comparable to that of bear bile. CONCLUSION Instead of using bear bile, CRAE and berberine can be potential substitutes in treating liver fibrosis.
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Gruenbaum BF, Boyko M, Delgado B, Douvdevany A, Gruenbaum SE, Melamed I, Gideon M, Cesnulis E, Shapira Y, Zlotnik A. Cell-free DNA as a potential marker to predict carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in rats. Hepatol Int 2012. [PMID: 26201806 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-012-9414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Finding an optimal biomarker for the noninvasive evaluation of acute liver injury (ALI) may be of great value in predicting clinical outcomes and investigating potential treatments. We investigated cell-free DNA (CFD) as a potential biomarker to predict carbon tetrachloride-induced ALI in rats. METHODS Forty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups. ALI was induced by carbon tetrachloride via a nasogastric tube at 1, 2.5, or 5 ml/kg of a 50 % solution. Fifteen additional rats underwent a sham procedure. Blood samples were drawn at time t which was 0 (baseline), 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h for the measurements of CFD, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and total bilirubin. Prothrombin time and histology were examined at 24 and 120 h following injection of 5 ml/kg carbon tetrachloride in 18 additional rats and in 10 control rats. RESULTS CFD levels in rats subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced ALI were significantly increased in all blood samples starting at 12 h after the induction of ALI (p < 0.001), reaching peak levels at 24 h. Blood GOT, GPT, and total bilirubin were elevated in all blood samples starting at 3 h after the induction of ALI (p < 0.0001), reaching peak levels by 48 h. A positive correlation was demonstrated between CFD levels and GOT (R (2) = 0.92), GPT (R (2) = 0.92), and total bilirubin (R (2) = 0.76). CFD levels correlated with liver damage seen on histological examination, as well as predicted liver damage, at 24 h after ALI. CONCLUSIONS CFD may be a useful biomarker for the prediction and measurement of ALI. There is no evidence to suggest that CFD is superior to other available noninvasive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fredrick Gruenbaum
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 151, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Matthew Boyko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 151, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Bertha Delgado
- Department of Pathology, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Amos Douvdevany
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Shaun Evan Gruenbaum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Israel Melamed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Micky Gideon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Evaldas Cesnulis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yoram Shapira
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 151, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Alexander Zlotnik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 151, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel.
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Ma BL, Ma YM. Pharmacokinetic properties, potential herb–drug interactions and acute toxicity of oralRhizoma coptidisalkaloids. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 9:51-61. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.722995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Suriyakalaa U, Antony JJ, Suganya S, Siva D, Sukirtha R, Kamalakkannan S, Pichiah PBT, Achiraman S. Hepatocurative activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles fabricated using Andrographis paniculata. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 102:189-94. [PMID: 23018020 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The current investigation was aimed to determine the hepatocurative role of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized rapidly using Andrographis paniculata. The nanoparticles fabricated at varying temperatures were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) alongside zeta potential measurement. UV-vis spectroscopic readings indicated a prominent peak at 423 nm. TEM analysis indicated that the biosynthesized nanospheres were in the size range of 13-27 nm. EDX spectrum indicated strong signal for AgNPs with 90.1% purity. The total concentration of AgNps was 216.7 mg/L after synthesis as by ICP-OES. Zeta potential was -34.3 mV indicating stable AgNPs. In vitro radical scavenging assay proved strong antioxidant effect of the AgNPs compared to 5% aqueous leaf extract. CCl(4) was used to induce hepatic injury in mice model. The biosynthesized AgNPs at three different doses (25, 50, 100mg/kg BW of the animal) were used for treatment. Silymarin was used as a standard. Low dose (25mg/kg BW) was effective in revival of all biological parameters to near normal in all intoxicated groups indicating the curing effects on CCl(4) induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udhayaraj Suriyakalaa
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 24, Tamil Nadu, India
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