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Wei DD, Wang JS, Duan JA, Kong LY. Metabolomic Assessment of Acute Cholestatic Injuries Induced by Thioacetamide and by Bile Duct Ligation, and the Protective Effects of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:458. [PMID: 29867467 PMCID: PMC5952270 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction, a traditional Chinese formula, has been reported to protect liver from various injuries. Two cholestasis models of rats induced by thioacetamide and by bile duct ligation were established and treated with Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-based urinary metabolic profiles were analyzed by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and univariate analysis to excavate differential metabolites associated with the injuries of the two models and the treatment effects of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction. The two cholestatic models shared common metabolic features of excessive fatty acid oxidation, insufficient glutathione regeneration and disturbed gut flora, with specific characteristics of inhibited urea cycle and DNA damage in thioacetamide-intoxicated model, and perturbed Kreb's cycle and inhibited branched chain amino acid oxidation in bile duct ligation model. With good treatment effects, Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction could regain the balance of the disturbed metabolic status common in the two cholestasis injuries, e.g., unbalanced redox system and disturbed gut flora; and perturbed urea cycle in thioacetamide-intoxicated model and energy crisis (disturbed Kreb's cycle and oxidation of branched chain amino acid) in bile duct ligation model, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Wei
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang Q, Wang J, Zhang C, Liao S, Li P, Xu D, Lv Y, Yang M, Kong L. The components of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction act synergistically to exert protective effects in a rat ischemic stroke model. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80872-80887. [PMID: 27779107 PMCID: PMC5348361 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction (HLJDD, Oren-gedoku-to in Japanese) is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat ischemic stroke. This study investigated the efficacy of various combinations of the major components of HLJDD, berberine (A), baicalin (B), and jasminoidin (C), on the treatment of ischemic stroke modeled by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. The effects of A, B and C individually and their combinations were investigated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based metabolomics complemented with neurologic deficit scoring, infarct volume measurement, biochemistry, histopathology and immunohistochemistry, as well as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. Ischemic stroke produces severe oxidative stress, which induces further damage. Our results show that the ABC combination treatment increased levels of cellular antioxidants that scavenged reactive oxygen species during ischemia-reperfusion via the nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling cascade. These protective effects were not observed with the other treatments. These results suggest that a combination of component herbs in HLJDD exhibit stronger effects than the individual herbs alone. Our integrated metabolomics approach also provides a tractable, powerful tool for understanding the science behind TCM formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Junsong Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Shanting Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Pei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Dingqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Minghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
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Zhang Q, Wang J, Liao S, Li P, Xu D, Lv Y, Yang M, Kong L. Optimization of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction for Ischemic Stroke Treatment and Mechanistic Study by Metabolomic Profiling and Network Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:165. [PMID: 28400733 PMCID: PMC5368223 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal drug proportions and mechanism deciphering of multicomponent drugs are critical for developing novel therapies to cope with complex diseases, such as stroke. In the present study, orthogonal experimental design was applied to explore the optimal proportion of the four component herbs in Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction (HLJDD) on the treatment of ischemic stroke. The treatment efficacies and mechanisms were assessed using global and amino acids (AAs) targeted metabolomics, as well as correlation network analysis. The global NMR metabolomics results revealed that AAs metabolism was significantly perturbed in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats. The levels of 23 endogenous AAs were then subjected to HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis. These results complemented with neurobehavioral evaluations, cerebral infarct assessments, biochemical evaluations, histological inspections and immunohistochemistry observations strongly demonstrated that HLJDD with optimal proportion of 6 (Rhizoma coptidis): 4 (Radix scutellariae): 1 (Cortex phellodendr): 3 (Fructus Gardeniae) had the best efficacy on ischemic stroke, which could be ascribed to its modulation on AA metabolism. This integrated metabolomics approach showed the potential and applicable in deciphering the complex mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine formulae on the treatment of complicated diseases, which provided new means to assess the treatment effects of herb combinations and to further development of drugs or therapies based on these formulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Junsong Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing, China
| | - Shanting Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Dingqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Minghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
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Zou H, Long J, Zhang Q, Zhao H, Bian B, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhao H, Wang L. Induced cortical neurogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia--Three active components from Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 178:115-124. [PMID: 26657578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction (HLJDD) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) clinical prescription noted for its neuroprotective effects. The total alkaloids, flavonoids, and iridoids are the main active components of HLJDD. In the present study we explored the possible effects of the total alkaloids, flavonoids, and iridoids from HLJDD on behavioral recovery and cortical neurogenesis after stroke. METHODS The stroke model was induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMACO). The total alkaloids (44 mg/kg), flavonoids (50 mg/kg), and iridoids (80 mg/kg) from HLJDD were orally administered for 2h after stroke and daily thereafter. Neurological function was assessed and then rats were sacrificed 7 days after pMACO. Following repeated intraperitoneal injections of the cell proliferation - specific marker 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) after stroke induction, precursor cell proliferation and differentiation was monitored by immunofluorescent staining. The levels of relevant proteins were determined by western blotting and the mRNA expressions were assessed by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Total alkaloids, flavonoids and iridoids from HLJDD showed improved functional outcome after brain ischemia. The total alkaloids and iridoids increased number of BrdU-positive cells and enhanced neuronal differentiation in the cortex. Alkaloids-enhanced neurogenesis might be associated with increased VEGF, Ang-1, and Ang-2 protein expression. And the neuroproliferative effect of alkaloids was partially correlated with increased phosphorylation of AKT, and GSK-3β. Flavonoids treatment was found to promote differentiation of cortical precursor cells into neuronal but not glial cells, which may be at least attributable to the regulation of AKT, GSK-3β mRNA and Ang-1 protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Total alkaloids, iridoids and flavonoids from HLJDD promoted functional recovery likely via enhancing cortical neurogenesis and thus have potential as a treatment for ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jianfei Long
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qiuxia Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Baolin Bian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yali Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing 100069, China.
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