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Choi NR, Lee K, Seo M, Ko SJ, Choi WG, Kim SC, Kim J, Park JW, Kim BJ. Network Pharmacological Analysis and Experimental Validation of the Effect of Smilacis Glabrae Rhixoma on Gastrointestinal Motility Disorder. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1509. [PMID: 37050134 PMCID: PMC10096900 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal motility disorder (GMD) is a disease that causes digestive problems due to inhibition of the movement of the gastrointestinal tract and is one of the diseases that reduce the quality of life of modern people. Smilacis Glabrae Rhixoma (SGR) is a traditional herbal medicine for many diseases and is sometimes prescribed to improve digestion. As a network pharmacological approach, we searched the TCMSP database for SGR, reviewed its constituents and target genes, and analyzed its relevance to gastrointestinal motility disorder. The effects of the SGR extract on the pacemaker activity in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and gastric emptying were investigated. In addition, using the GMD mouse model through acetic acid (AA), we investigated the locomotor effect of SGR on the intestinal transit rate (ITR). As a result of network pharmacology analysis, 56 compounds out of 74 candidate compounds of SGR have targets, the number of targets is 390 targets, and there are 904 combinations. Seventeen compounds of SGR were related to GMD, and as a result of comparing the related genes with the GMD-related genes, 17 genes (active only) corresponded to both. When looking at the relationship network between GMD and SGR, it was confirmed that quercetin, resveratrol, SCN5A, TNF, and FOS were most closely related to GMD. In addition, the SGR extract regulated the pacemaker activity in ICC and recovered the delayed gastric emptying. As a result of feeding the SGR extract to AA-induced GMD mice, it was confirmed that the ITR decreased by AA was restored by the SGR extract. Through network pharmacology, it was confirmed that quercetin, resveratrol, SCN5A, TNF, and FOS were related to GMD in SGR, and these were closely related to intestinal motility. Based on these results, it is suggested that SGR in GMD restores digestion through the recovery of intestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ri Choi
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (N.-R.C.); (M.S.); (W.-G.C.)
| | - Kangwook Lee
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School of Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (K.L.); (S.-J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Mujin Seo
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (N.-R.C.); (M.S.); (W.-G.C.)
| | - Seok-Jae Ko
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School of Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (K.L.); (S.-J.K.); (J.K.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Gyun Choi
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (N.-R.C.); (M.S.); (W.-G.C.)
| | - Sang-Chan Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jinsung Kim
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School of Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (K.L.); (S.-J.K.); (J.K.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Park
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School of Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (K.L.); (S.-J.K.); (J.K.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (N.-R.C.); (M.S.); (W.-G.C.)
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Gao X, Hu Y, Tao Y, Liu S, Chen H, Li J, Zhao Y, Sheng J, Tian Y, Fan Y. Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf aqueous extract ameliorates loperamide-induced constipation in mice by promoting gastrointestinal motility and regulating the gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1017804. [PMID: 36267178 PMCID: PMC9578511 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1017804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow transit constipation (STC) is the most common type of functional constipation. Drugs with good effects and few side effects are urgently needed form the treatment of STC. Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (CC) is an important medicinal and edible spice plant. The wide range of biological activities suggested that CC may have laxative effects, but thus far, it has not been reported. In this study, the loperamide-induced STC mouse model was used to evaluate the laxative effect of the aqueous extract of CC (CCAE), and the laxative mechanism was systematically explored from the perspectives of the enteric nervous system (ENS), neurotransmitter secretion, gastrointestinal motility factors, intestinal inflammation, gut barrier and gut microbiota. The results showed that CCAE not only decreased the serum vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), induced nitric oxide synthases (iNOS), and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in STC mice but also increased the expression of gastrointestinal motility factors in colonic interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), thereby significantly shortening the defecation time and improving the gastrointestinal transit rate. The significantly affected gastrointestinal motility factors included stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit), stem cell factor (SCF), anoctamin 1 (Ano1), ryanodine receptor 3 (RyR3), smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (smMLCK) and Connexin 43 (Cx43). Meanwhile, CCAE could repair loperamide-induced intestinal inflammation and intestinal barrier damage by reducing the expression of the pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β and increasing the expression of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, chemical barrier (Muc-2) and mechanical barrier (Cldn4, Cldn12, Occludin, ZO-1, and ZO-2). Interestingly, CCAE could also partially restore loperamide-induced gut microbial dysbiosis in various aspects, such as microbial diversity, community structure and species composition. Importantly, we established a complex but clear network between gut microbiota and host parameters. Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae and UCG-010 showed the most interesting associations with the laxative phenotypes; several other specific taxa showed significant associations with serum neurotransmitters, gastrointestinal motility factors, intestinal inflammation, and the gut barrier. These findings suggested that CCAE might promote intestinal motility by modulating the ENS-ICCs-SMCs network, intestinal inflammation, intestinal barrier and gut microbiota. CC may be an effective and safe therapeutic choice for STC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yifan Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yafei Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuangfeng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Haowen Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Sheng,
| | - Yang Tian
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yang Tian,
| | - Yuanhong Fan
- Yunnan Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yuanhong Fan,
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Prediction of the Medicinal Mechanisms of Pinellia ternata Breitenbach, a Traditional Medicine for Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, through Network Pharmacology. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101348. [PMID: 35631773 PMCID: PMC9145079 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Pinellia ternata Breitenbach (PTB) is a widely used herbal medicine in China, Japan, and South Korea. It has antiemetic, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and sedative properties. The raw material is toxic, but can be made safer using alum solution or by boiling it for a long time. In addition, PTB seems to be effective for gastrointestinal motility disorders (GMDs), but this is yet to be conclusively proven. Herein, PTB compounds, targets, and related diseases were investigated using the traditional Chinese medical systems pharmacology database and an analysis platform. Information on target genes was confirmed using the UniProt database. Using Cytoscape 3.8.2, a network was established and GMD-related genes were searched using the Cytoscape stringApp. The effects of the PTB extract on the pacemaker potential of interstitial cells of Cajal and GMD mouse models were investigated. In total, 12 compounds were found to target 13 GMD-related genes. In animal experiments, PTB was found to better regulate pacemaker potential in vitro and inhibit GMD signs compared to control groups in vivo. Animal studies showed that the mechanism underlying the effects of PTB is closely related to gastrointestinal motility. The results obtained demonstrated that PTB offers a potential means to treat GMDs, and we suggested that the medicinal mechanism of GMDs can be explained by the relationship between 12 major components of PTB, including oleic acid, and 13 GMD-related genes.
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Moon SB, Choi NR, Kim JN, Kwon MJ, Kim BS, Ha KT, Lim EY, Kim YT, Kim BJ. Effects of black garlic on the pacemaker potentials of interstitial cells of Cajal in murine small intestine in vitro and on gastrointestinal motility in vivo. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 26:37-44. [PMID: 35308125 PMCID: PMC8928804 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2022.2049640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Black garlic (BG) is a newly explored food stuff obtained via fermentation of raw, healthy garlic, especially in Asian countries. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are the pacemaker cells of gastrointestinal (GI) motility. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of BG extract on the pacemaker potentials of the ICC in the small intestines of mice and the possibility of controlling GI motility. The antioxidant activity of BG extract was also investigated. The whole-cell electrophysiological method was used to measure pacemaker potentials of the ICC in vitro, whereas GI motility was measured using the intestinal transit rate (ITR) in vivo. BG extract depolarized the pacemaker potentials of the ICC. Y25130 and RS39604 5-HT receptor antagonists could not inhibit the effect of BG extract on the pacemaker potentials of the ICC, whereas the 5-HT receptor antagonist SB269970 could. Pre-treatment with external Na+ (5 mM) or Ca2+-free solution inhibited the BG extract-induced depolarization of the ICC. With SB203580, PD98059, or c-jun NH2-terminal kinase II inhibitor pre-treatment, BG extract did not induce pacemaker potential depolarization. Moreover, the ITR values were increased by BG extract. Elevation of the ITR due to BG extract was related with increased protein expression of the 5-HT7 receptors. In addition, BG extract showed antioxidant activity. Collectively, these results highlight the ability of BG extract to regulate GI motility and the possibility of using it to develop GI motility modulators in the future. Moreover, BG showed immense potential as an antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Bae Moon
- Department of Surgery, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Ri Choi
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Nam Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Kwon
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Sung Kim
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine and Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine and Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeong Lim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Tai Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Yang H, Jin XJ, Luo H, Li YH. Effects of Morphine on Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Rabbit Colon and Small Intestinal Transit: An Experimental Study. Curr Mol Med 2021; 20:240-246. [PMID: 31702490 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666191023112837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effect of morphine with naloxone on intestinal peristalsis and the number of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in colon tissues of rabbits. METHODS Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into five groups (n=6, each group): saline control group (NS group), low concentration of morphine group (L group), medium concentration of morphine group (M group), high concentration of morphine group (H group), medium concentration of morphine and naloxone mixed with antagonist group (NM group). Rabbits in these five groups were administered with an epidural puncture tube and dorsal epidural analgesia pump, and were continuously infused for seven days. Fecal characteristics were observed, and the ink propulsion rate was calculated. The expression level of ICC C-kit protein in colon tissues was tested by western blot. RESULTS The stool characteristics in the L, M and H groups were more severe than those in the NS and NM groups. Furthermore, the intestinal propulsion rate in the L, M and H groups was lower than that in the NS and NM groups. The C-kit mRNA and protein expression in the colon of rabbits were significantly lower in the L, M and H groups, when compared to the NS and NM groups. CONCLUSION Naloxone blocked the mRNA and protein expression of C-kit, and improved intestinal motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230091, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Xiao-Ju Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230091, China
| | - Yuan-Hai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
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Li C, Qian B, Ni Z, Wang Q, Wang Z, Ma L, Liu Z, Li Q, Wang X. Construction of recombinant lentiviral vector containing human stem cell leukemia gene and its expression in interstitial cells of cajal. Open Life Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis study aims to construct recombinant lentiviral vectors containing the human stem cell leukemia (SCL) gene and investigate their in vitro transfection efficiency in Interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC) of guinea pig bladders. In this study, the human SCL gene was successfully cloned, and the recombinant lentivirus GV287-SCL was successfully constructed. The titer of the recombinant lentivirus was 5 × 108 TU /mL. After transfecting the ICCs with the lentiviral vector at different MOIs, the optimal MOI was determined to be 10.0, and the optimal transfection time was determined to be 3 days. The amplification product of the lentivirus transfection group was consistent with the target fragment, indicating that the SCL gene had been successfully introduced into ICCs. In conclusion, the recombinant lentiviral vector GV287-SCL was successfully constructed and transfected into the in vitro cultured ICCs. The successful expression of SCL in ICCs may provide an experimental basis for the in vivo transfection of the SCL gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, No. 107 North 2nd road, Shihezi, 832008, Xinjiang, China
| | - Biao Qian
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, No. 107 North 2nd road, Shihezi, 832008, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhao Ni
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, No. 107 North 2nd road, Shihezi, 832008, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qinzhang Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, No. 107 North 2nd road, Shihezi, 832008, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zixiong Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, No. 107 North 2nd road, Shihezi, 832008, Xinjiang, China
| | - Luping Ma
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, No. 107 North 2nd road, Shihezi, 832008, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhili Liu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, No. 107 North 2nd road, Shihezi, 832008, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, No. 107 North 2nd road, Shihezi, 832008, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinmin Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, No. 107 North 2nd road, Shihezi, 832008, Xinjiang, China
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Jang Y, Kim EK, Shim WS. Phytotherapeutic effects of the fruits of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. on cancer, inflammation, and digestive dysfunction. Phytother Res 2017; 32:616-624. [PMID: 29250842 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. belongs to the family Rutaceae in the genus Poncirus. Its fruits are widely used to alleviate symptoms of various disorders. The mature fruit (MF) possesses anticancer and antiinflammatory activities. Extracts of the dried, immature fruit, Poncirus fructus (PF) are widely used as a traditional medicine for ameliorating symptoms of digestive dysfunction in East Asia. Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the effects of MF and PF extracts on cancer, inflammation, and gastrointestinal disorders have been extensively studied in the past decade. This review summarizes recent findings on the anticancer and antiinflammatory effects of MF and the prokinetic effects of PF. Although the therapeutic effects of MF and PF have been clearly elucidated, in-depth further clinical studies are still required to completely verify the clinical efficacy and safety of the fruits of P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwoo Jang
- McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Genosco, 767C Concord Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Won-Sik Shim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, South Korea
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Kim I, Bae J, Kim BJ. Carthami flos regulates gastrointestinal motility functions. Integr Med Res 2017; 6:404-408. [PMID: 29296567 PMCID: PMC5741384 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common in the general population. This investigation studied the effects of Carthami flos (CF), a natural product, on GI motility. Methods We checked the intestinal transit rates (ITRs) or gastric emptying in normal and in GI-motility-dysfunction (GMD) mice in vivo. The GMD mice were made by acetic acid or streptozotocin. Results Both ITRs and gastric emptying were increased by CF (0.0025-0.25 g/kg) dose dependently. Also, in the GMD mice models, acetic-acid-induced peritoneal irritation, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, the ITRs were decreased compared to normal mice, and these decreases were inhibited by CF. Conclusion These results suggest that CF is one of the good candidates for the development of a prokinetic agent that may regulate GI-motility functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Byung Joo Kim
- Corresponding author. Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang L, Zhao B, Liu W, Ma R, Wu R, Gao Y. Cotransplantation of neuroepithelial stem cells with interstitial cells of Cajal improves neuronal differentiation in a rat aganglionic model. J Pediatr Surg 2017; 52:1188-1195. [PMID: 28190556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances have raised the possibility of treating Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) with transplanted neural stem cells. Although these cells have been shown to migrate and differentiate after transplantation, the restoration of intestinal motility by grafted cells is also mediated via the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). We therefore aimed to evaluate the effect of cografting with ICC on neural stem cells after transplanted into aganglionic bowel. METHODS Neuroepithelial stem cells (NESCs) and ICCs were isolated from neural tube of embryonic rat (embryonic day 11.5) and colon of neonatal rats respectively. After cotransplantation into the benzalkonium chloride-induced rat aganglionic colon, survival and differentiation of the implanted cells were assessed 8weeks posttransplantation using immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Colonic motility was assessed by measuring the changes of intraluminal pressure responding to inflating stimulation and the response of muscle strips to electrical field stimulation. RESULTS Cotransplantation with ICC accelerated neuronal differentiation compared with transplantation of NESCs alone. Moreover, the contractile response to inflation and EFS-induced reaction of the colon after coimplantation were successfully evoked. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that reconstitution of elements in the intestinal environment such as ICC enhances efficacy of NESCs therapy. This may aid development of a stem cell-based treatment for HSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, 29 Longtan Road, Taian City, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Rui Ma
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Medical School of Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Rongde Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Yingmao Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
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Kim H, Kim I, Lee MC, Kim HJ, Lee GS, Kim H, Kim BJ. Effects of Hwangryunhaedok-tang on gastrointestinal motility function in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:2705-2715. [PMID: 28487607 PMCID: PMC5403749 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i15.2705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of Hwangryunhaedok-tang (HHT) on gastrointestinal (GI) motility in mice.
METHODS The effects of a boiling water extract of HHT (HHTE) on GI motility were investigated by calculating percent intestinal transit rates (ITR%) and gastric emptying (GE) values using Evans Blue and phenol red, respectively, in normal mice and in mice with experimentally induced GI motility dysfunction (GMD). In addition, the effects of the four components of HHT, that is, Gardeniae Fructus (GF), Scutellariae Radix (SR), Coptidis Rhizoma (CR), and Phellodendri Cortex (PC), on GI motility were also investigated.
RESULTS In normal ICR mice, ITR% and GE values were significantly and dose-dependently increased by the intragastric administration of HHTE (0.1-1 g/kg). The ITR% values of GMD mice were significantly lower than those of normal mice, and these reductions were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by HHTE (0.1-1 g/kg). Additionally, GF, CR, and PC dose-dependently increased ITR% and GE values in normal and GMD mice.
CONCLUSION These results suggest that HHT is a novel candidate for the development of a gastroprokinetic agent for the GI tract.
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Prokinetic effects of LD02GIFRO on functional gastrointestinal disorder in rats. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2043-2049. [PMID: 28565806 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
LD02GIFRO is a novel prokinetic agent formulated with Poncirus fructus and Zanthoxylum sp. fruits. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of LD02GIFRO on delayed gastrointestinal transit (GIT) and colorectal hypersensitivity. To investigate the effect of LD02GIFRO, a rat model of delayed GIT was induced via three mechanisms; postoperative ileus (POI), morphine, and POI plus morphine. Visceromotor responses (VMR) to colorectal distension (CRD) were also evaluated. POI was induced by laparotomy surgery and manipulation of the small intestine under anesthesia, and GIT was calculated by measuring the length that Evans Blue travelled through the gastrointestinal tract in a given time. Oral administration of 260 mg/kg LD02GIFRO caused Evans Blue to migrate significantly further in the delayed GIT models induced by POI, morphine and POI plus morphine compared with the control (P<0.05). This effect was inhibited by atropine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, and completely abolished by GR125487, a 5-HT4-receptor antagonist. Furthermore, intraperitoneal administration of 600 and 900 mg/kg LD02GIFRO significantly reduced VMR to CRD in acute and chronic colorectal hypersensitive rat models, induced by acetic acid and trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, to almost normal levels (P<0.01). In the present study, LD02GIFRO successfully ameliorated delayed GIT models and colorectal hypersensitivity models, suggesting that LD02GIFRO may be an effective therapeutic treatment for patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders and abnormalities in GIT.
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Kim H, Kim HJ, Yang D, Jung MH, Kim BJ. Depolarizing Effects of Daikenchuto on Interstitial Cells of Cajal from Mouse Small Intestine. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:141-147. [PMID: 28216898 PMCID: PMC5307899 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.196312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Daikenchuto (DKT; TJ-100, TU-100), a traditional herbal medicineis used in modern medicine to treat gastrointestinal (GI) functional disorders. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are the pacemaker cells of the GI tract and play important roles in the regulation of GI motility. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of DKT on the pacemaker potentials (PPs) of cultured ICCs from murine small intestine. Materials and Methods: Enzymatic digestions were used to dissociate ICCs from mouse small intestine tissues. All experiments on ICCs were performed after 12 h of culture. The whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record ICC PPs (current clamp mode). All experiments were performed at 30-32°C. Results: In current-clamp modeDKT depolarized and concentration-dependently decreased the amplitudes of PPs. Y25130 (a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist) or SB269970 (a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist) did not block DKT-induced PP depolarization, but RS39604 (a 5-HT4 receptor antagonist) did. Methoctramine (a muscarinic M2 receptor antagonist) failed to block DKT-induced PP depolarization, but pretreating 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (a muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist) facilitated blockade of DKT-induced PP depolarization. Pretreatment with an external Ca2+-free solution or thapsigargin abolished PPsand under these conditions, DKT did not induce PP depolarization. Furthermore Ginseng radix and Zingiberis rhizomes depolarized PPs, whereas Zanthoxyli fructus fruit (the third component of DKT) hyperpolarized PPs. Conclusion: These results suggest that DKT depolarizes ICC PPs in an internal or external Ca2+-dependent manner by stimulating 5-HT4 and M3 receptors. Furthermore, the authors suspect that the component in DKT largely responsible for depolarization is probably also a component of Ginseng radix and Zingiberis rhizomes. SUMMARY Daikenchuto (DKT) depolarized and concentration-dependently decreased the amplitudes of pacemaker potentials (PPs) Y25130 (a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist) or SB269970 (a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist) did not block DKT-induced PP depolarization, but RS39604 (a 5-HT4 receptor antagonist) did Methoctramine (a muscarinic M2 receptor antagonist) failed to block DKT-induced PP depolarization, but pretreating 4-DAMP (a muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist) facilitated blockade of DKT-induced PP depolarization Ginseng radix and Zingiberis rhizomes depolarized PPswhereas Zanthoxyli fructus fruit (the third component of DKT) hyperpolarized PPs.
Abbreviation used: DKT: Daikenchuto, GI: Gastrointestinal, ICCs: Interstitial cells of Cajal, PPs: Pacemaker Potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungwoo Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine and Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongki Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ho Jung
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine and Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine and Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
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Lee SW, Kim SJ, Kim H, Yang D, Kim HJ, Kim BJ. Effects of Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc. in the pacemaking activity of interstitial cells of Cajal in murine small intestine. Exp Ther Med 2016; 13:327-334. [PMID: 28123510 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) function as pacemaker cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and therefore, serve an important role in regulating GI motility. The effects of a species of plum (Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc.) on cultured ICC cluster-induced pacemaker potentials in the mouse small intestine were investigated, and the effects of a methanolic extract of Prunus mume (m-PM) on ICC pacemaker activities were examined using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. ICC pacemaker membrane potentials were depolarized by m-PM in a concentration dependent manner in current clamp mode. 4-Diphenylacetoxy-N-methyl-piperidine methiodide, which is a muscarinic 3 (M3) receptor antagonist, was able to block m-PM-induced pacemaker potential increases, whereas methoctramine, which is a muscarinic 2 (M2) receptor antagonist, was not. When 1 mM guanosine diphosphate β-5 was present in the pipette solution, m-PM induced slight pacemaker depolarization. Following pretreatment in bath solution of Ca2+-free solution or a Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor in endoplasmic reticulum, the pacemaker currents were inhibited. Furthermore, pretreatment with PD98059, SB203580 or SP600125, which is a c-jun NH2-terminal kinase inhibitor, blocked m-PM-induced ICC potential depolarization. Furthermore, m-PM inhibited transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) 7 channels, but did not affect Ca2+-activated Cl- channels. These results suggest that m-PM is able to modulate pacemaker potentials through the muscarinic M3 receptor, via G-protein and external and internal Ca2+, in a mitogen-activated protein kinase and TRPM7-dependent manner. Therefore, m-PM may provide a basis for the development of a novel gastroprokinetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Weon Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam 50612, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam 50612, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongki Yang
- Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Gyeonggi 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam 50612, Republic of Korea
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Effects and Safety of Aqueous Extract of Poncirus fructus in Spinal Cord Injury with Neurogenic Bowel. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7154616. [PMID: 27738444 PMCID: PMC5055929 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7154616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the effects and safety of the aqueous extract of the dried, immature fruit of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf., known as Poncirus fructus (PF), in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients with neurogenic bowel. Methods. Thirty-one SCI patients with neurogenic bowel were recruited. Patients were evaluated based on clinical information, constipation score, Bristol Stool Form Scale, stool retention score using plain abdominal radiograph, and colon transit time. PF was administered in dosages of 800 mg each prior to breakfast and lunch for 14 days. Results. The morphological feature of the stool before and after administration indicated a statistically significant difference from 3.52 ± 1.33 to 4.32 ± 1.44 points (p < 0.05). Stool retention score before and after administration of PF was represented with low significance (7.25 ± 1.60 to 6.46 ± 1.53 points) in the whole colon (p < 0.05), and the colon transit time was significantly shortened (57.41 ± 20.7 to 41.2 ± 25.5 hours) in terms of the whole transit time (p < 0.05). Side effects were observed in 7 people (28.0%) consisting of 2 people with soft stools and 5 people with diarrhea. Conclusion. For SCI patients, PF administration significantly improved defecation patterns, defecation retention, and colon transit time. PF could be an effective aid to improve colonic motility and constipation.
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Lee MC, Ha W, Park J, Kim J, Jung Y, Kim BJ. Effects of Lizhong Tang on gastrointestinal motility in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7778-7786. [PMID: 27678361 PMCID: PMC5016378 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i34.7778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of Lizhong Tang, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, on gastrointestinal motility in mice.
METHODS The in vivo effects of Lizhong Tang on GI motility were investigated by measuring the intestinal transit rates (ITRs) and gastric emptying (GE) values in normal mice and in mice with experimentally induced GI motility dysfunction (GMD).
RESULTS In normal ICR mice, the ITR and GE values were significantly and dose-dependently increased by Lizhong Tang (ITR values: 54.4% ± 1.9% vs 65.2% ± 1.8%, P < 0.01 with 0.1 g/kg Lizhong Tang and 54.4% ± 1.9% vs 83.8% ± 1.9%, P < 0.01 with 1 g/kg Lizhong Tang; GE values: 60.7% ± 1.9% vs 66.8% ± 2.1%, P < 0.05 with 0.1 g/kg Lizhong Tang and 60.7% ± 1.9% vs 72.5% ± 1.7%, P < 0.01 with 1 g/kg Lizhong Tang). The ITRs of the GMD mice were significantly reduced compared with those of the normal mice, which were significantly and dose-dependently reversed by Lizhong Tang. Additionally, in loperamide- and cisplatin-induced models of GE delay, Lizhong Tang administration reversed the GE deficits.
CONCLUSION These results suggest that Lizhong Tang may be a novel candidate for development as a prokinetic treatment for the GI tract.
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Kim HJ, Park SY, Kim DG, Park SH, Lee H, Hwang DY, Jung MH, Ha KT, Kim BJ. Effects of the roots of Liriope Platyphylla Wang Et tang on gastrointestinal motility function. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 184:144-153. [PMID: 26969403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang continues to be used in Korea as a traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders related to constipation and abnormal GI motility. AIM OF THE STUDY Because GI disorders, especially GI motility dysfunctions, are major lifelong problems, the authors investigated the effects of a water extract of the roots of L. platyphylla Wang et Tang (LPE) on the pacemaker potentials (PPTs) of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and on GI motility in male ICR mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enzymatic digestions were used to dissociate ICCs from small intestines, and the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record PPTs generated by cultured ICCs in vitro. In vivo effects of LPE on GI motility were investigated by measuring intestinal transit rates (ITRs) of Evans blue in normal mice and in acetic acid (AA) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse models of GI motility dysfunction. RESULTS LPE dose-dependently depolarized PPTs in ICCs. Pretreatment with methoctramine (a muscarinic M2 receptor antagonist) did not block LPE-induced PPT depolarization. However, pretreatment with 4-DAMP (a muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist) blocked LPE-induced PPT depolarization. In addition, treatment with LY294002 (a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor) also blocked LPE-induced PPT depolarization. Intracellular GDPβS inhibited LPE-induced PPT depolarization, and LPE-induced PPT depolarization was found to occur in a phospholipase C (PLC)- and a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent manner. Pretreatment with Ca(2+)free solution or thapsigargin (a Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor in endoplasmic reticulum) abolished PPTs, and under these conditions, LPE did not depolarize ICC PPTs. In normal mice, ITRs were significantly and dose-dependently increased by LPE (0.01-1g/kg administered intragastrically (i.g.)). In addition, LPE (i.g.) significantly recovered GI motility dysfunctions in both animal models. CONCLUSION LPE dose-dependently depolarizes ICC PPTs through M3 receptors via external and internal Ca(2+)regulation and via G protein-, PI3K-, PLC- and PKC- dependent pathways in vitro. Also, in vivo, LPE increased ITRs in treatment naïve mice and our two mouse models of GI dysfunction. Therefore, this study shows that LPE offers a basis for the development of a prokinetic agent that prevents or alleviates GI motility dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Park
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Geon Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hae Park
- College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeseob Lee
- College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ho Jung
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
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Banciu DD, Banciu A, Radu BM. Electrophysiological Features of Telocytes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 913:287-302. [PMID: 27796895 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1061-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are interstitial cells described in multiple structures, including the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract, uterus, and heart. Several studies have indicated the possibility that TCs are involved in the pacemaker potential in these organs. It is supposed that TCs are interacting with the neighboring muscular cells and their network contributes to the initiation and propagation of the electrical potentials. In order to understand the contribution of TCs to various excitability mechanisms, it is necessary to analyze the plasma membrane proteins (e.g., ion channels) functionally expressed in these cells. So far, potassium, calcium, and chloride currents, but not sodium currents, have been described in TCs in primary cell culture from different tissues. Moreover, TCs have been described as sensors for mechanical stimuli (e.g., contraction, extension, etc.). In conclusion, TCs might play an essential role in gastrointestinal peristalsis, in respiration, in pregnant uterus contraction, or in miction, but further highlighting studies are necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms and the cell-cell interactions by which TCs contribute to the tissue excitability and pacemaker potentials initiation/propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dumitru Banciu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest, 050095, Romania
| | - Adela Banciu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest, 050095, Romania
| | - Beatrice Mihaela Radu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest, 050095, Romania. .,Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona, 37134, Italy.
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Ahn TS, Kim DG, Hong NR, Park HS, Kim H, Ha KT, Jeon JH, So I, Kim BJ. Effects of Schisandra chinensis extract on gastrointestinal motility in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 169:163-169. [PMID: 25862968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (SC) continues to be used as a traditional folk medicine in Asia, especially for the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders related to gastritis, diarrhea, enterocolitis and abnormal GI motility. AIM OF THE STUDY Because GI disorders, especially abnormal GI motility, are major lifelong problems, we investigated the effects of SC on the pacemaker activity of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) in murine small intestine and GI motility. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enzymatic digestions were used to dissociate ICCs from small intestines, and the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record potentials generated by cultured ICCs. In vivo effects of SC on GI motility were investigated by measuring the intestinal transit rate (ITR) of Evans blue in normal and GI motility dysfunction mice. RESULTS SC extracts depolarized the membrane potentials of ICCs in a dose dependent manner. Pretreatment with Ca(2+) free solution or thapsigargin (a Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor in the endoplasmic reticulum) abolished the generation of pacemaker potentials by ICCs, and under these conditions, SC extract did not depolarize the membrane potentials of ICCs. In addition, membrane depolarizations were inhibited by intracellular GDPβS and by U-73122 (an active phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor). In normal mice, ITRs were significantly increased by SC extract (0.1-1g/kg, intragastrically (i.g.)) in a dose dependent manner. Also, SC extract significantly recovered the GI motility dysfunctions in acetic acid (AA)-injected and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, which are the GI motility animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS SC extract modulates pacemaker potentials in ICCs in a dose dependent manner via external and internal Ca(2+) regulations, and via G protein and the PLC pathway. In addition, SC extract increased ITRs in normal and abnormal GI motility mice models. This study shows that SC extract offers a basis for the development of a prokinetic agent that prevents or alleviates GI motility dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Seok Ahn
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Geon Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Noo Ri Hong
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Park
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Division of Applied Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Jeon
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea.
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Hwang MW, Ahn TS, Hong NR, Jeong HS, Jung MH, Ha KT, Kim BJ. Effects of traditional Chinese herbal medicine San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang on gastrointestinal motility in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:1117-1124. [PMID: 25632184 PMCID: PMC4306155 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i4.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (SHXXT), a herbal product used in traditional Chinese medicine, on gastrointestinal (GI) motility in mice.
METHODS: The in vivo effects of SHXXT on GI motility were investigated by measuring the intestinal transit rates (ITRs) using Evans blue in normal mice and in mice with experimentally induced GI motility dysfunction (GMD).
RESULTS: In normal ICR mice, ITRs were significantly and dose-dependently increased by SHXXT (0.1-1 g/kg). GMD was induced by injecting acetic acid or streptozotocin intraperitoneally. The ITRs of GMD mice were significantly reduced compared to normal mice, and these reductions were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by SHXXT (0.1-1 g/kg).
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that SHXXT is a novel candidate for the development of a prokinetic agent that may prevent or alleviate GMD.
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Kim BJ, Kim H, Lee GS, So I, Kim SJ. Effects of San-Huang-Xie-Xin-tang, a traditional Chinese prescription for clearing away heat and toxin, on the pacemaker activities of interstitial cells of Cajal from the murine small intestine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:744-752. [PMID: 24953035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (SHXXT) is a traditional Chinese medicinal formula composed of Coptidis rhizoma (Coptis chinesis Franch), Scutellariae radix (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi), and Rhei rhizoma (Rheum officinale Baill) and is widely used in Eastern Asia, especially to ameliorate the symptoms of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders related to gastritis, gastric bleeding, peptic ulcers, and abnormal GI motility AIM OF THE STUDY Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are pacemaker cells in the GI tract that generate rhythmic oscillations in membrane potentials known as slow waves. Because GI disorders, especially abnormal GI motility, are major lifelong problems, the authors investigated the effects of SHXXT on mouse small intestine ICCs, and sought to identify the receptors and the action mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enzymatic digestions were used to dissociate ICCs from small intestines, and the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record potentials generated by cultured ICCs. RESULTS SHXXT produced membrane depolarization in current-clamp mode, and Y25130 (a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist) and RS39604 (a 5-HT4 receptor antagonist) blocked SHXXT-induced membrane depolarizations, whereas SB269970 (a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist) did not. However, during external Ca2+ free conditions or in the presence of thapsigargin, SHXXT did not exhibit membrane depolarization. Furthermore, the application of flufenamic acid (a nonselective cation channel (NSCC) blocker) or DIDS (a chloride channel blocker) abolished pacemaker potential generation and blocked SHXXT-induced membrane depolarizations. In addition, SHXXT-induced membrane depolarizations, which are dependent on G-protein, in ICCs were blocked by PD 98059 (a p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor), SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor), and by a c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) II inhibitor. Regarding the components of SHXXT, Coptidis rhizome and Rhei rhizoma modulated ICC pacemaking activity, whereas Scutellariae radix did not. CONCLUSION SHXXT modulates pacemaker potentials via 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptor-mediated pathways, external Ca2+ influx, and Ca2+ release from internal stores. Furthermore, NSCCs and Cl- channels play important roles in the regulation of pacemaking activity in a MAPK dependent manner in ICCs. The regulation of pacemaking activity by SHXXT may be due to the activity of Coptidis rhizome and Rhei rhizome. The study shows SHXXT can modulate the pacemaking activity of ICCs in the GI tract, and thus, suggests SHXXT has potential pharmacological relevance for the treatment of GI motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Guem San Lee
- Wonkwang University College of Korean Medicine, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Jeong Kim
- Center for Bio-Artificial Muscle and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
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Involvement of MAPKs and PLC pathways in modulation of pacemaking activity by So-Cheong-Ryong-Tang in interstitial cells of Cajal from murine small intestine. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:536350. [PMID: 24288491 PMCID: PMC3833007 DOI: 10.1155/2013/536350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are the pacemaker cells that generate slow waves in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We have aimed to investigate the effects of Socheongryong-Tang (SCRT) in ICCs from mouse's small intestine. Methods. The whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record membrane potentials from cultured ICCs. Intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) increase was studied in cultured ICCs using fura-2 AM. Results. ICCs generated pacemaker potentials in mouse's small intestine. SCRT produced membrane depolarization in current clamp mode. Y25130 (5-HT3 receptor antagonist) and RS39604 (5-HT4 receptor antagonist) blocked SCRT-induced membrane depolarizations, whereas SB269970 (5-HT7 receptor antagonist) did not. When GDP-β-S (1 mM) was in the pipette solution, SCRT did not induce the membrane depolarizations. [Ca2+]i analysis showed that SCRT increased [Ca2+]i. In the presence of PD98059 (p42/44 MAPK inhibitor), SCRT did not produce membrane depolarizations. In addition, SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) and JNK inhibitors blocked the depolarizations by SCRT in pacemaker potentials. Furthermore, the membrane depolarizations by SCRT were not inhibited by U-73122, an active phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, but by U-73343, an inactive PLC inhibitor. Conclusion. These results suggest that SCRT might affect GI motility by the modulation of pacemaker activity through MAPKs and PLC pathways in the ICCs.
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