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Aguilar-Guadarrama AB, Yáñez-Ibarra G, Cancino-Marentes ME, González-Ibarra P, Ortiz-Andrade R, Sánchez-Recillas A, Rodríguez-Carpena JG, Aguirre-Vidal Y, Medina-Diaz IM, Ávila-Villarreal G. Chromatographic Techniques and Pharmacological Analysis as a Quality Control Strategy for Serjania triquetra a Traditional Medicinal Plant. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101289. [PMID: 36297401 PMCID: PMC9611020 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Serjania triquetra is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of urinary tract diseases, renal affections, and its complications. The population can buy this plant in folk markets as a raw material mixed with several herbal remedies or as a health supplement. On the market, two commercial presentations were found for the vegetal material; one had a bulk appearance and the other was marketed wrapped in cellophane bags (HESt-2, HESt-3). Nevertheless, the plant has not been exhaustively investigated and quality control techniques have not been developed. This research aimed to realize a phytochemical study using an authentic, freshly collected sample as a reference for S. triquetra (HESt-1), using the compounds identified. A method for the determination of preliminary chromatographic fingerprinting was developed. Additionally, the vasorelaxant effect from three samples was evaluated with ex vivo rat models. Thus, three hydroalcoholic extracts (HESt-1, HESt-2, and HESt-3) were prepared by maceration. A total of nine compounds were fully identified from HESt-1 after the extract was subjected to open-column chromatography. Seven metabolites were detected by gas chromatography, while ursolic acid (UA) and allantoin were isolated and identified using UPLC-MS and NMR, respectively. Three extracts were analyzed for their chromatographic fingerprint by UPLC-MS. Biological activity was explored by ex vivo rat aorta ring model to evaluate vasorelaxant activity. All extracts showed a vasorelaxant effect in a concentration-dependent and endothelium-dependent manner. S. triquetra vascular activity may be attributed to UA and allantoin compounds previously described in the literature for this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Berenice Aguilar-Guadarrama
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Yáñez-Ibarra
- Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A. C. “Unidad Especializada en I+D+i en Calidad de Alimentos y Productos Naturales”, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Mexico
| | | | - Paola González-Ibarra
- Unidad Académica de Salud Integral, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Mexico
| | - Rolffy Ortiz-Andrade
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida 97069, Mexico
| | - Amanda Sánchez-Recillas
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida 97069, Mexico
| | - Javier-German Rodríguez-Carpena
- Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A. C. “Unidad Especializada en I+D+i en Calidad de Alimentos y Productos Naturales”, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Mexico
| | - Yoshajandith Aguirre-Vidal
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Campus III, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa 91073, Mexico
| | - Irma-Martha Medina-Diaz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Ávila-Villarreal
- Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A. C. “Unidad Especializada en I+D+i en Calidad de Alimentos y Productos Naturales”, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Mexico
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Xiong Y, Li M, Sun P, Liang W, Hornbeck RG, Che X, Rao C, Zhao Y, Guo L, Huang Y, Yang H, Li P, Kroes BH, Cui X, Franz G, Wang M. Market access for Chinese herbal medicinal products in Europe-A ten-year review of relevant products, policies, and challenges. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 103:154237. [PMID: 35688101 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With increased consumer demand in Europe for natural and efficacious health products, the use of herbal products in the market is rising. Products of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) could greatly expand European consumer options; however, only seven herbal medicinal products (HMPs) based on CHM formulae have been registered in the European Union (EU) since 2012. PURPOSE This study reviews the ten-year registration status of HMPs based on CHM formulae in Europe and identifies major challenges and possible solutions for pharmaceutical companies seeking market access for new HMPs. METHODS An overview of relevant EU regulations identifies pathways to market access in EU countries for CHM products. A discussion of successful attempts to register HMPs based on CHM formulae since 2012 highlights specific challenges that applicants can expect to face. RESULTS CHM products can enter the EU market as HMPs through the full or well-established use marketing authorization, or through the simplified registration procedure. Alternatively, some CHM products have entered the market as dietary supplements, nutritional foods, and agricultural products; however, under these categories, claims for medicinal use cannot be advertised. Since the registration of the first CHM product, Diao Xin Xue Kang (with the single component of Dioscorea nipponica rhizome), in 2012, only six other HMPs based on CHM formulae have been successfully registered. Among these, four are mono-component products. The remaining two products contain combinations of several herbal ingredients. It is more difficult to register combination products than mono-component products, due to their more complex composition and differences in registration requirements (esp. concerning establishing indications) in China and Europe. CONCLUSIONS To promote the successful registration of CHM products in Europe, pharmaceutical companies are advised to: demonstrate full control of, and the ability to test, their supply chain and manufacturing procedures following the guidance of European competent authorities; carefully adhere to all steps of the registration process and advices from European competent authorities; take the medication habits and pharmaceutical needs of European market into consideration; and establish collaboration with European local organizations, as appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xiong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Leiden University-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden 2333BE, The Netherlands; SU Biomedicine B.V., Leiden 2333BE, The Netherlands.
| | - Minghui Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Pengyue Sun
- SU Biomedicine B.V., Leiden 2333BE, The Netherlands
| | - Wen Liang
- SU Biomedicine B.V., Leiden 2333BE, The Netherlands
| | | | - Xiaoyan Che
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Cheng Rao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Liqun Guo
- Center for Drug Discovery & Technology Development of Yunnan Traditional Medicine, Kunming 650217, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Center for Drug Discovery & Technology Development of Yunnan Traditional Medicine, Kunming 650217, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Burt H Kroes
- University of Utrecht, Utrecht 3584CS, The Netherlands
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Gerhard Franz
- University of Regensburg Department of Pharmacy, Regensburg 93040, Germany
| | - Mei Wang
- Leiden University-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden 2333BE, The Netherlands; SU Biomedicine B.V., Leiden 2333BE, The Netherlands; Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Center for Drug Discovery & Technology Development of Yunnan Traditional Medicine, Kunming 650217, China.
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Mirzaeian R, Sadoughi F, Tahmasebian S, Mojahedi M. The role of herbal medicines in health care quality and the related challenges. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2021.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the use of herbal medicines. Quality control and safety are two critical principles to be considered in the production process of herbal medicines. This review study aimed to investigate the condition of the countries other than Iran in terms of observing the safety principles, quality control, and meeting the standard of herbal drug use. In this systematic review, references were selected using the search terms "health-care quality" and "challenges of herbal medicine usage" from the databases "Web of Science" and "PubMed" published between 2000 and 2019. To select the resources among the selected literature, confirmation was accomplished by two researchers and Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ). The selected papers were classified based on publication year, journal, country, reference standards, regulation, toxicity evaluation, quality control, efficacy, safety, and adverse effects in herbal medicine. From 1532 retrieved papers, 27 papers with an estimated Cohen’s kappa coefficient of 0.81 were confirmed and included in the study. Based on the analysis, the main findings of the papers were thematically classified into seven subcategories as follows: reference standards in herbal medicine, regulation of herbal medicinal products, toxicity evaluation for herbal products, quality control of herbal medicine, efficacy, adverse effects of herbal medicine, and safety. Given the significance of the effects of herbal medicines on health care quality, it is essential to codify guidelines on the proper use of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Mirzaeian
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Sadoughi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Tahmasebian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Morteza Mojahedi
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Petrović S. Herbal and traditional Herbal Medicinal Products, EU Herbal monographs and EU list. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2019. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm1904221p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Rozenberg K, Rosenzweig T. Sarcopoterium spinosum extract improved insulin sensitivity in mice models of glucose intolerance and diabetes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196736. [PMID: 29768504 PMCID: PMC5955592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glucose lowering properties of Sarcopoterium spinosum, a traditional medicinal plant, were previously validated by us using KK-Ay mice as a genetic model for type 2 diabetes (T2D). OBJECTIVE To clarify the effects of Sarcopoterium spinosum extract (SSE) on diet-induced glucose intolerance and to investigate SSE effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in target tissues of both high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed and KK-Ay mice. RESULTS Mice were given SSE (70 mg/day) for 6 weeks. SSE improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed mice as was demonstrated previously in KK-Ay mice. Higher insulin sensitivity was validated by lower serum insulin and activation of the insulin signaling cascade in skeletal muscle and liver of SSE-treated mice in both models. H&E staining of the livers demonstrated lower severity of steatosis in SSE-treated mice. Several model-specific effects of SSE were observed-mRNA expression of proinflammatory genes and CD36 was reduced in SSE-treated KK-Ay mice. Hepatic mRNA expression of PEPCK was also reduced in SSE-treated KK-Ay mice, while other genes involved in carbohydrates and lipid metabolism were not affected. HFD-fed mice treated by SSE had elevated hepatic glycogen stores. Gluconeogenic gene expression was not affected, while GCK expression was increased. HFD-induced hepatic steatosis was not affected by SSE. However, while genes involved in lipid metabolism were downregulated by HFD, this was not found in HFD-fed mice given SSE, demonstrating an expression profile which is similar to that of standard diet-fed mice. CONCLUSION Our study supports the insulin sensitizing activity of SSE and suggests that this extract might improve other manifestations of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Rozenberg
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutritional Studies, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Tovit Rosenzweig
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutritional Studies, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Colalto C. What phytotherapy needs: Evidence-based guidelines for better clinical practice. Phytother Res 2017; 32:413-425. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Colalto
- Farmacia San Paolo Dr. Colalto; P.zza De L'Osto 37 37035 San Giovanni Ilarione Verona Italy
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Spontaneously Reported Adverse Reactions for Herbal Medicinal Products and Natural Remedies in Sweden 2007-15: Report from the Medical Products Agency. Drugs Real World Outcomes 2017; 4:119-125. [PMID: 28353157 PMCID: PMC5457307 DOI: 10.1007/s40801-017-0104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In relation to the extensive use of herbal medicinal products in self-care, the safety information is limited and there is a need for improvement. This study describes spontaneously reported adverse reactions related to herbal medicinal products and natural remedies in Sweden. Objectives To evaluate the characteristics and frequency of adverse events recorded by the Swedish Medical Products Agency, where herbal medicinal products and natural remedies were suspected as causative agents. Methods Adverse drug reactions reported to the Swedish Medical Product Agency during 2007–15 related to approved herbal medicinal products or natural remedies were included and analysed in the retrospective study. Reports had been assessed for causality when they were lodged and only reports that had been assessed as at least possible were included in the study. Results In total, 116 reports (concerning 259 adverse reactions) related to herbal medicinal products or natural remedies were found in the Swedish national pharmacovigilance database. The active ingredients most frequently suspected during the study period were black cohosh rhizome (15 reports), purple coneflower herb (14 reports) and a combination of extracts of pollen (13 reports). Adverse reactions related to skin and subcutaneous tissue were the most commonly reported reactions. Conclusions No previously unknown safety problems have been discovered in the present study. This finding could be explained by a thorough pre-approval assessment of medicinal products and the fact that most herbal preparations in medicinal products have been in clinical use for many years (for traditional herbal medicinal products, the requirements are ≥30 years), i.e. adverse reactions are acknowledged and assessed before approval. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40801-017-0104-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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The Use of Omic Technologies Applied to Traditional Chinese Medicine Research. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6359730. [PMID: 28250795 PMCID: PMC5307000 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6359730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural products represent one of the most important reservoirs of structural and chemical diversity for the generation of leads in the drug development process. A growing number of researchers have shown interest in the development of drugs based on Chinese herbs. In this review, the use and potential of omic technologies as powerful tools in the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine are discussed. The analytical combination from each omic approach is crucial for understanding the working mechanisms of cells, tissues, organs, and organisms as well as the mechanisms of disease. Gradually, omic approaches have been introduced in every stage of the drug development process to generate high-quality Chinese medicine-based drugs. Finally, the future picture of the use of omic technologies is a promising tool and arena for further improvement in the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.
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The relevance of pharmacognosy in pharmacological research on herbal medicinal products. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 52:344-62. [PMID: 26169932 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
As all medicines, herbal medicinal products are expected to be safe, effective, and of appropriate quality. However, regulations on herbal medicinal products vary from country to country, and herbal preparations do occur not only in the form of medicinal products but also as less strictly regulated product groups like dietary supplements. Therefore, it is not always easy for the consumers to discriminate high-quality products from low-quality products. On the other hand, herbal medicines have many special features that distinguish them from conventional medicinal products. Plants are complex multicomponent mixtures; in addition, their phytochemical composition is not constant because of inherent variability and a plethora of external influences. Therefore, the production process of an herbal medicinal product needs to be strictly monitored. First of all, the starting materials need to be correctly authenticated and free of adulterants and contaminants. During plant growth, many factors like harvest season and time, developmental stage, temperature, and humidity have a strong impact on plant metabolite production. Also, postharvest processing steps like drying and storage can significantly alter the phytochemical composition of herbal material. As the production of many phytopharmaceuticals includes an extraction step, the extraction solvent and conditions need to be optimized in order to enrich the bioactive constituents in the extract. The quality of finished preparations needs to be determined either on the basis of marker constituents or on the basis of analytical fingerprints. Thus, all production stages should be accompanied by appropriate quality assessment measures. Depending on the particular task, different methods need to be applied, ranging from macroscopic, microscopic, and DNA-based authentication methods to spectroscopic methods like vibrational spectroscopy and chromatographic and hyphenated methods like HPLC, GC-MS and LC-MS. Also, when performing pharmacological and toxicological studies, many features inherent in herbal medicinal products need to be considered in order to guarantee valid results: concerning in vitro studies, difficulties are often related to lacking knowledge of ADME characteristics of the bioactive constituents, nuisance compounds producing false positive and false negative results, and solubility problems. In in vivo animal studies, the route of administration is a very important issue. Clinical trials on herbal medicinal products in humans very often suffer from a poor reporting quality. This often hampers or precludes the pooling of clinical data for systematic reviews. In order to overcome this problem, appropriate documentation standards for clinical trials on herbal medicinal products have been defined in an extension of the CONSORT checklist. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Botanicals for Epilepsy".
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