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Woyessa AM, Bultum LE, Lee D. Designing combinational herbal drugs based on target space analysis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:179. [PMID: 38693521 PMCID: PMC11064244 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional oriental medicines (TOMs) are a medical practice that follows different philosophies to pharmaceutical drugs and they have been in use for many years in different parts of the world. In this study, by integrating TOM formula and pharmaceutical drugs, we performed target space analysis between TOM formula target space and small-molecule drug target space. To do so, we manually curated 46 TOM formulas that are known to treat Anxiety, Diabetes mellitus, Epilepsy, Hypertension, Obesity, and Schizophrenia. Then, we employed Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) properties such as human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) inhibition, Carcinogenicity, and AMES toxicity to filter out potentially toxic herbal ingredients. The target space analysis was performed between TOM formula and small-molecule drugs: (i) both are known to treat the same disease, and (ii) each known to treat different diseases. Statistical significance of the overlapped target space between the TOM formula and small-molecule drugs was measured using support value. Support value distribution from randomly selected target space was calculated to validate the result. Furthermore, the Si-Wu-Tang (SWT) formula and published literature were also used to evaluate our results. RESULT This study tried to provide scientific evidence about the effectiveness of the TOM formula to treat the main indication with side effects that could come from the use of small-molecule drugs. The target space analysis between TOM formula and small-molecule drugs in which both are known to treat the same disease shows that many targets overlapped between the two medications with a support value of 0.84 and weighted average support of 0.72 for a TOM formula known to treat Epilepsy. Furthermore, support value distribution from randomly selected target spaces in this analysis showed that the number of overlapped targets is much higher between TOM formula and small-molecule drugs that are known to treat the same disease than in randomly selected target spaces. Moreover, scientific literature was also used to evaluate the medicinal efficacy of individual herbs. CONCLUSION This study provides an evidence to the effectiveness of a TOM formula to treat the main indication as well as side effects associated with the use of pharmaceutical drugs, as demonstrated through target space analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assefa Mussa Woyessa
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Bio-Synergy Research Center, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Lemessa Etana Bultum
- Bio-Synergy Research Center, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Life Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, South Korea
| | - Doheon Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
- Bio-Synergy Research Center, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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Gao X, Yang W, Li S, Liu S, Yang W, Song S, Sheng J, Zhao Y, Tian Y. Moringa oleifera leaf alleviates functional constipation via regulating the gut microbiota and the enteric nervous system in mice. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1315402. [PMID: 38192287 PMCID: PMC10773919 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1315402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf is not only a new food resource in China, but also a traditional medicinal plant. It is commonly used in the folk to alleviate constipation, but its laxative mechanism is not fully understood. Hence we investigated it in loperamide-induced functional constipation (FC) mice. The results showed that MOAE significantly regulated not only gastrointestinal hormones and neurotransmitters in serum but also important gastrointestinal motility factors in the enteric nervous system (ENS)-interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs)-smooth muscle cell (SMC) network. Meanwhile, MOAE attenuated intestinal inflammation, increased cecal short-chain fatty acid levels and colonic antimicrobial peptide expression, and improved the impaired intestinal barrier function in loperamide-induced FC mice. In addition, MOAE also increased fecal water content by inhibiting the mRNA expression of colonic aquaporins (Aqp3 and Aqp4) in FC mice. Interestingly and importantly, MOAE affected the intestinal microbiota by inhibiting some key "constipation-causing" microbiota, such as Bacteroidaceae, Clostridiaceae, Bacteroides, and Ruminococcus, and promoting the growth of other important "constipation-curing" microbiota, such as Butyricoccus, Tyzzerella, and Desulfovibrio. These important taxa are significantly associated with a variety of indicators of constipation. These findings suggest that MOAE can promote defecation through its rich chemical composition to modulate the ENS-ICCs-SMCs network and the gut microecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Gao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Weiqian Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Department of Hotel Management, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Tourism, Chongqing, China
| | - Sijin Li
- College of Pu’er Tea West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Puer, China
| | - Shuangfeng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Weixing Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuang Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Division of Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Calamita G, Delporte C. Insights into the Function of Aquaporins in Gastrointestinal Fluid Absorption and Secretion in Health and Disease. Cells 2023; 12:2170. [PMID: 37681902 PMCID: PMC10486417 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs), transmembrane proteins permeable to water, are involved in gastrointestinal secretion. The secretory products of the glands are delivered either to some organ cavities for exocrine glands or to the bloodstream for endocrine glands. The main secretory glands being part of the gastrointestinal system are salivary glands, gastric glands, duodenal Brunner's gland, liver, bile ducts, gallbladder, intestinal goblet cells, exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Due to their expression in gastrointestinal exocrine and endocrine glands, AQPs fulfill important roles in the secretion of various fluids involved in food handling. This review summarizes the contribution of AQPs in physiological and pathophysiological stages related to gastrointestinal secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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Calamita G, Delporte C. Aquaporins in Glandular Secretion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:225-249. [PMID: 36717498 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Exocrine and endocrine glands deliver their secretory product, respectively, at the surface of the target organs or within the bloodstream. The release of their products has been shown to rely on secretory mechanisms often involving aquaporins (AQPs). This chapter will provide insight into the role of AQPs in secretory glands located within the gastrointestinal tract, including salivary glands, gastric glands, duodenal Brunner's glands, liver, gallbladder, intestinal goblets cells, and pancreas, as well and in other parts of the body, including airway submucosal glands, lacrimal glands, mammary glands, and eccrine sweat glands. The involvement of AQPs in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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Wen Y, Zhan Y, Tang S, Kang J, Wu R, Tang X. Mechanistic Prediction of Chinese Herb Compound (Zhi Zhu Ma Ren Pill) in the Treatment of Constipation Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221124780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Constipation is one of the most prevalent chronic gastrointestinal diseases. Notably, previous studies have demonstrated that Chinese herbal compounds may exert effects on constipation. The present study aimed to predict the mechanisms underlying the effects of Zhi Zhu Ma Ren Pill (ZZMRP), which includes Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Fructus Cannabis, Paeonia lactiflora and Radix Asteris in the treatment of constipation, using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: The components and target information of ZZMRP were accessed using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and analysis platform, and the associated targets of constipation were obtained from the GeneCards, Disgenet, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, DrugBANK and Therapeutic Target Database databases. The major targets were subsequently selected using a Venn diagram and network topology analysis, which was followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Molecular docking was performed to authenticate the binding activity between active components and core targets. Results: A total of 44 active components, 249 targets of ZZMRP and 1501 targets associated with constipation were acquired. A total of 122 intersection targets were discovered between ZZMRP and constipation. Subsequently, 18 key targets were authenticated, including tumor protein 53, RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase, JUN and caspase-3. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that mitogen-activated protein kinase, tumor necrosis factor, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathways may be involved in the treatment of constipation using ZZMRP. Molecular docking suggested that quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin exhibited high binding affinities with several of the primary targets. Conclusions: The active components, core targets, and signaling pathways of ZZMRP in the treatment of constipation were predicted, which may be applicable to the development of treatments for constipation and application of ZZMRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhan
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Tang
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jian Kang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xuegui Tang
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Li S, Ou R, Liu D, Chen Z, Wei S, Li X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Hou C. Is Chinese herbal formula (nourishing Yin therapy) effective and well tolerated as an adjunct medication to hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome? A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2022; 13:20406223221077966. [PMID: 35251586 PMCID: PMC8891913 DOI: 10.1177/20406223221077966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previously, data mining methodology was used to identify 71 patented prescriptions in Chinese patent databases, indicating that Yin-nourishing therapy (YNT) may be an adjunct medication to hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of the addition of YNT, which includes tonifying liver and kidney therapy (TLKT) and replenishing Qi and nourishing Yin therapy (RQNYT), in the treatment of pSS. Methods: Fourteen databases (including Chinese, English, Japanese, Korean and Latin databases) were searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of YNT plus hydroxychloroquine (YNTPH) versus hydroxychloroquine alone in patients with pSS. Relevant publications up to June 2021 were selected. A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) were performed using Review Manager 5.3, Stata 14.0 and TSA 0.9 software. The quality of identified studies was assessed based on the Cochrane risk of bias tool and GRADE (grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation) criteria. Results: We included five RCTs with a total of 345 participants. Pooled results indicated significant differences in short-term outcomes, which were assessed via European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Sjögren’s Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI), EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI), tear production, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) results when YNTPH was compared with hydroxychloroquine use alone (p < 0.05). No significant difference in salivary flow rate was reported. The most common side effect reported for both groups was gastrointestinal reaction. Sensitivity analyses suggested that heterogeneity might be ascribed to clinical methodology. Subgroup analyses revealed heterogeneities regarding salivary flow rate were eliminated. TLKT appeared to be better than RQNYT for improving salivary flow rate. TSA only supported changes in ESSPRI, ESSDAI and ESR values. For all studies, the quality of evidence was low. Conclusion: YNTPH may be an effective complementary therapy. Current evidence, however, is insufficient for determining whether YNTPH is more effective than hydroxychloroquine alone. Well-designed RCTs are needed to determine the role of YNT in pSS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, ChinaGuangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Ou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, ChinaGuangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, ChinaGuangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihuang Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohao Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianxian Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingwan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunfu Hou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, China
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Jin Y, Zhang A. Total glucosides of paeony ameliorates oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammatory response by regulating the Smad7‑TGF‑β pathway in allergic rhinitis. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:83. [PMID: 35029288 PMCID: PMC8778736 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Total glucosides of paeony (TGP), an active ingredient extracted from the root of Paeonia alba, has been reported to display an anti-inflammatory effect. However, the effect of TGP on allergic rhinitis (AR) is still unknown. The present study aimed to assess the role of TGP in an AR mouse model. An AR mouse model was established using the ovalbumin method. The expression levels of Smad7/TGF-β pathway-related prtoeins in nasal mucosa tissues were determined by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The severity of nasal allergic symptoms was detected by recording the frequency of sneezing and nose rubbing motions in all mice for 20 min. The levels of IgE and inflammatory cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-17 and IFN-γ, in the serum were measured by conducting ELISAs. H&E staining, periodic acid-Schiff staining and Masson staining were used to detected histopathological changes in mice. The concentrations of malondialdehyde and glutathione, and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in tissue supernatant and serum were quantified using commercial assay kits. Apoptosis of nasal tissue cells was detected by performing TUNEL assays and western blotting. The expression of Smad7 was upregulated and that of TGF-β was downregulated in the nasal tissue of AR mice. Additionally, TGP regulated the Smad7/TGF-β pathway in the nasal tissue of AR mice. TGP alleviated serum IgE, nasal symptoms and histopathological changes in AR mice. Moreover, TGP ameliorated oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and inflammatory response. Smad7 small interfering RNA intervention aggravated the symptoms of AR mice via activation of the TGF-β pathway and reversed the protective effect of TGP in AR mice. TGP ameliorated oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammatory response via the Smad7/TGF-β pathway in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzi Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Aichun Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
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Liu F, Ding H, Wang M, Li X. A multi-evaluating strategy for Weikangling capsules: Chemical profiling, fingerprinting combined with quantitative analysis, quantity transfer, and dissolution curve. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 206:114347. [PMID: 34536823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Weikangling capsules (WKLCs), a Chinese patent medicine consisting of 8 Chinese drugs, have been widely used in clinic to treat gastrointestinal diseases for more than 30 years. The current "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" (2020 Edition, ChP2020) uses paeoniflorin content (≥ 1.0 mg per capsule) as the standard of quality control, but it is insufficient to evaluate the overall quality of WKLCs. An efficient and economic method for quality control is urgently needed to ensure the quality consistency and clinical effects of WKLCs. Herein, a systematic and reliable method for the rapid analysis of chemical components in WKLCs was established for the first time based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). A total of 115 components covering 7 herbs in WKLCs were preliminarily identified by comparison with standard substances or literature. To evaluate the quality of 26 batches of WKLCs, a new method of fingerprinting combined with quantitative analysis was established, and 16 common peaks were selected to establish the fingerprint similarity model (similarity>0.90). Simultaneously, the contents of albiflorin, paeoniflorin, dactylorhin A, militarine, and glycyrrhizic acid were determined to be 0.82 ± 0.22, 2.09 ± 0.24, 1.15 ± 0.40, 3.73 ± 0.76 and 0.99 ± 0.20 mg/capsule, respectively. The transfer rates and dissolution curves of the five compounds were successfully detected in WKLCs, and the average transfer rates were 67.2%, 33.0%, 68.3%, 54.7%, and 33.7%, respectively. Notably, the dissolution profiles of different manufacturers presented remarkable differences in pH 1.2 hydrochloric acid solution. This method not only qualitatively identified the chemical components of Chinese patent medicines at the microlevel but also evaluated the quality consistency between batches at the macrolevel, which provided a comprehensive reference for the quality consistency of Chinese patent medicines between batches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haoran Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mengyue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Shen C, Shen B, Zhu J, Wang J, Yuan H, Li X. Glycyrrhizic acid-based self-assembled micelles for improving oral bioavailability of paeoniflorin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 47:207-214. [PMID: 33305640 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1862178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paeoniflorin (Pae), a water-soluble monoterpene glucoside, has high potential clinical value in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, the extremely low oral bioavailability of Pae (approximately 3%-4%) limits its formulation development and clinical application. This study aimed to develop micelles using the glycyrrhizic acid (GL) as the carrier to improve the oral absorption of Pae. METHODS Pae-loaded GL micelles were prepared by the ultrasonic dispersion method and its formulation was optimized by single-factor tests. Characterizations of Pae-loaded GL micelles including particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE), drug loading (DL), morphology, and drug release in vitro were carried out. The single-pass intestinal perfusion and pharmacokinetic studies of Pae-loaded GL micelles were also evaluated in rats and compared with Pae solution and the mixed solution of Pae and GL. RESULTS The optimized Pae-loaded GL micelles had EE of (42.21 ± 0.89)%, particle size of (58.89 ± 4.24) nm with PDI of (0.194 ± 0.010), zeta potential of (-24.40 ± 1.90) mV. Pae-loaded GL micelles showed a nearly spherical shape under TEM. Drug release of micelles demonstrated a delayed drug release compared to Pae solution. The single-pass intestinal perfusion study showed a significantly higher permeability of Pae in duodenum (p < 0.05), jejunum (p < 0.05), ileum (p < 0.01) and colon (p < 0.01) intestine after perfusion of Pae-loaded GL micelles as compared to Pae solution. The in vivo pharmacokinetics demonstrated that the Cmax and AUC0-t values of Pae-loaded GL micelles were approximately 2.18- and 3.64-fold superior than the Pae solution. CONCLUSION These results suggested GL could be a potential carrier for the oral delivery of Pae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengying Shen
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Baode Shen
- Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Zhu
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiaofang Li
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Fan Q, Guan X, Hou Y, Liu Y, Wei W, Cai X, Zhang Y, Wang G, Zheng X, Hao H. Paeoniflorin modulates gut microbial production of indole-3-lactate and epithelial autophagy to alleviate colitis in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 79:153345. [PMID: 33002829 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total glucosides of peony (TGP), extracted from the root and rhizome of Paeonia lactiflora Pall, has well-confirmed immunomodulatory efficacy in the clinic. However, the mechanism and active ingredients remain largely unclear. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE Our previous study revealed a low systemic exposure but predominant gut distribution of TGP components. The aim of this study was to investigate involvement of the gut microbiota in the immunoregulatory effects and identify the active component. METHODS Mice received 3% DSS to establish a model of colitis. The treatment group received TGP or single paeoniflorin (PF) or albiflorin (AF). Body weight, colon length, inflammatory and histological changes were assessed. Gut microbiota structure was profiled by 16s rRNA sequencing. Antibiotic treatment and fecal transplantation were used to explore the involvement of gut microbiota. Metabolomic assay of host and microbial metabolites in colon was performed. RESULTS TGP improved colonic injury and gut microbial dysbiosis in colitis mice, and PF was responsible for the protective effects. Fecal microbiota transfer from TGP-treated mice conferred resilience to colitis, while antibiotic treatment abrogated the protective effects. Both TGP and PF decreased colonic indole-3-lactate (ILA), a microbial tryptophan metabolite. ILA was further identified as an inhibitor of epithelial autophagy and ILA supplementation compromised the benefits of TGP. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that TGP acts in part through a gut microbiota-ILA-epithelial autophagy axis to alleviate colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaojing Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yuanlong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yali Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Youying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Guangji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Xiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Wang M, Li Q, Zhang Y, Liu H. Total Glucosides of Peony Protect Cardiomyocytes against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation by Reversing Mitochondrial Dynamics and Bioenergetics. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6632413. [PMID: 33354278 PMCID: PMC7735829 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6632413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Total glucosides of peony (TGP) are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. We explored the protective effects of TGP on cardiomyocyte oxidative stress and inflammation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide by focusing on mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics. Our study demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide significantly repressed cardiomyocyte viability and promoted cell apoptosis through induction of the mitochondrial death pathway. TGP treatment sustained cardiomyocyte viability, reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and decreased inflammation and oxidative stress. Molecular investigation indicated that hydrogen peroxide caused mitochondrial dynamics disruption and bioenergetics reduction in cardiomyocytes, but this alteration could be normalized by TGP. We found that disruption of mitochondrial dynamics abolished the regulatory effects of TGP on mitochondrial bioenergetics; TGP modulated mitochondrial dynamics through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway; and inhibition of AMPK alleviated the protective effects of TGP on mitochondria. Our results showed that TGP treatment reduces cardiomyocyte oxidative stress and inflammation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide by correcting mitochondrial dynamics and enhancing mitochondrial bioenergetics. Additionally, the regulatory effects of TGP on mitochondrial function seem to be mediated through the AMPK pathway. These findings are promising for myocardial injury in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Tianjin First Central hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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