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Zou T, Sugimoto K, Zhao Y, Li B, Zhou X, Peng C. Zhi-zi-chi decoction mitigates depression by enhancing lncRNA Six3os1 expression and promoting histone H3K4 methylation at the BDNF promoter. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18365. [PMID: 38818577 PMCID: PMC11140235 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine, particularly Zhi-zi-chi decoction (ZZCD), is gaining recognition as a potential treatment for depression. This study aimed to uncover the molecular mechanisms behind ZZCD's antidepressant effects, focusing on lncRNA Six3os1 and histone H3K4 methylation at the BDNF promoter. Network pharmacology and in vivo experiments were conducted to identify ZZCD targets and evaluate its impact on depression-related behaviours and neuron injury. The role of Six3os1 in recruiting KMT2A to the BDNF promoter and its effects on oxidative stress and neuron injury were investigated. ZZCD reduced depression-like behaviours and neuron injury in mice subjected to chronic stress. It upregulated Six3os1, which facilitated KMT2A recruitment to the BDNF promoter, leading to increased histone H3K4 methylation and enhanced BDNF expression. ZZCD also inhibited CORT-induced neuron injury, inflammatory response and oxidative stress in vitro. ZZCD's antidepressant properties involve Six3os1 upregulation, which exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting oxidative stress and neuron injury, thereby alleviating depressive symptoms. Targeting Six3os1 upregulation may offer a potential therapeutic intervention for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zou
- Department of EncephalopathyShenzhen Luohu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineShenzhenChina
- Department of EncephalopathyShenzhen Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShenzhenChina
| | - Kazuo Sugimoto
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
- Institute for Brain DisordersBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated HospitalHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
| | - Baitao Li
- Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated HospitalHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
| | - Xiaomao Zhou
- Department of EncephalopathyShenzhen Luohu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineShenzhenChina
- Department of EncephalopathyShenzhen Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShenzhenChina
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of EncephalopathyShenzhen Luohu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineShenzhenChina
- Department of EncephalopathyShenzhen Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShenzhenChina
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Tian X, Wang G, Teng F, Xue X, Pan J, Mao Q, Guo D, Song X, Ma K. Zhi Zi Chi decoction (Gardeniae fructus and semen Sojae Praeparatum) attenuates anxious depression via modulating microbiota-gut-brain axis in corticosterone combined with chronic restraint stress-induced mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14519. [PMID: 37905694 PMCID: PMC11017446 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a critical role in neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly anxious depression, and attracts more attention gradually. Zhi Zi Chi decoction (ZZCD) consisting of Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis and Glycine max (L.) Merr, is a classic formula in clinic and widely applied in anxiety and depression treatment. However, the underlying mechanisms of regulating microbiota-gut-brain axis in the treatment of anxious depression by oral administration of ZZCD remain elusive. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this project, we clarified the origin and preparation methods of the Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis and Glycine max (L.) Merr and examined the chemical ingredients of ZZCD by liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer. Then, corticosterone combined with chronic restraint stress was applied to establish an anxious depression model. After treated with ZZCD standard decoction, based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 16S rRNA technology, high-throughput sequencing, quantitative RT-PCR and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), the multiple associations between nucleus accumbens and intestinal flora in anxious depression mice were determined to clarify the mechanism of ZZCD in the treatment of anxiety and depression disorder. RESULTS We found various substances with antidepressant and antianxiety properties in ZZCD such as rosiridin and oleanolic acid. ZZCD could alleviate depressive and anxiety behaviors in anxious depression mice via regulating the disturbance of gut microbiota. Meanwhile, the bioactive compounds of ZZCD might directly active on neurodevelopment and neuroimmune-related genes. Furthermore, the secretion of prolactin and estrogen, and interfering with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathways were mainly involved in the multi-target therapeutic effects of ZZCD against anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that ZZCD exerts antidepressant effects pleiotropically through modulating the microbiota-gut-brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhe Tian
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Guangyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women and Children's HospitalQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Fei Teng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Xiaoyan Xue
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Jin Pan
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Qiancheng Mao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Dongjing Guo
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Xiaobin Song
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
- Shandong Co‐Innovation Center of Classic TCM FormulaShandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Ke Ma
- Shandong Co‐Innovation Center of Classic TCM FormulaShandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
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Gao H, Fang B, Sun Z, Du X, Guo H, Zhao L, Zhang M. Effect of Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Learning and Memory in Mice with Alzheimer's Disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1067-1081. [PMID: 38112024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is distinguished by cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation in the brain. 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is a major human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) that is abundantly present in breast milk and has been demonstrated to exhibit immunomodulatory effects. However, the role of 2'-FL and HMO in gut microbiota modulation in relation to AD remains insufficiently investigated. This study aimed to elucidate the preventive effect of the 2'-FL and HMO impact of AD and the relevant mechanism involved. Here, the behavioral results showed that 2'-FL and HMO intervention decreased the expression of Tau phosphorylation and amyloid-β (Aβ), inhibited neuroinflammation, and restored cognitive impairment in AD mice. The metagenomic analysis proved that 2'-FL and HMO intervention restored the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in AD. Notably, 2'-FL and HMO intervention significantly enhanced the relative abundance of Clostridium and Akkermansia. The metabolomics results showed that 2'-FL and HMO enhanced the oleoyl-l-carnitine metabolism as potential drivers. More importantly, the levels of oleoyl-l-carnitine were positively correlated with the abundances of Clostridium and Akkermansia. These results indicated that 2'-FL and HMO had therapeutic potential to prevent AD-induced cognitive impairment, which is of great significance for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haina Gao
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Bing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaoyu Du
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Huiyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Tao W, Yao G, Yue Q, Xu C, Hu Y, Cheng X, Zhao T, Qi M, Chen G, Zhao M, Yu Y. 14-3-3ζ Plays a key role in the modulation of neuroplasticity underlying the antidepressant-like effects of Zhi-Zi-Chi-Tang. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154888. [PMID: 37257329 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zhi-Zi-Chi-Tang (ZZCT) is an effective traditional Chinese medicinal formula. ZZCT has been used for the treatment of depression for centuries. Its clinical efficacy in relieving depression has been confirmed. However, the molecular mechanisms of ZZCT regarding neuroplasticity in the pathogenesis of depression have not yet been elucidated. PURPOSE The present study aimed to examine the effects of ZZCT on neuroplasticity in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS For this purpose, a murine model of depression was established using the CUMS procedure. Following the intragastric administration of ZZCT or fluoxetine, classic behavioral experiments were performed to observe the efficacy of ZZCT as an antidepressant. Immunofluorescence was used to label and quantify microtubule-associated protein (MAP2) and postsynaptic density protein (PSD95) in the hippocampus. Golgi staining was applied to visualize the dendritic spine density of neurons in the hippocampi. Isolated hippocampal slices were prepared to induce long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 area. The hippocampal protein expression levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), p-GSK-3β (Ser9), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), p-CREB (Ser133), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and 14-3-3ζ were detected using western blot analysis. The interaction of 14-3-3ζ and p-GSK-3β (Ser9) was examined using co-immunoprecipitation. LV-shRNA was used to knockdown 14-3-3ζ by an intracerebroventricular injection. RESULTS ZZCT (6 g/kg) and fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) alleviated depressive-like behavior, restored hippocampal MAP2+ PSD95+ intensity, and reversed the dendritic spine density of hippocampal neurons and LTP in the CA1 region of mice exposed to CUMS. Both low and high doses of ZZCT (3 and 6 g/kg) significantly promoted the binding of 14-3-3ζ to p-GSK-3β (Ser9) in the hippocampus, and ZZCT (6 g/kg) significantly promoted the phosphorylation of GSK-3β Ser9 and CREB Ser133 in the hippocampus. ZZCT (3 and 6 g/kg) upregulated hippocampal BDNF expression in mice exposed to CUMS. LV-sh14-3-3ξ reduced the antidepressant effects of ZZCT. CONCLUSION ZZCT exerted antidepressant effects against CUMS-stimulated depressive-like behavior mice. The knockdown of 14-3-3ζ using lentivirus confirmed that 14-3-3ζ was involved in the ZZCT-mediated antidepressant effects through GSK-3β/CREB/BDNF signaling. On the whole, these results suggest that the antidepressant effects of ZZCT are attributed to restoring damage by neuroplasticity enhancement via the 14-3-3ζ/GSK-3β/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Tao
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Neurology Department, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, China
| | - Guangda Yao
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiyu Yue
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Hu
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - XiaoLan Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mingming Qi
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, and Research Center for Formula and Patterns, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yue Yu
- Neurology Department, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, China.
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Li B, Xu M, Wang Y, Feng L, Xing H, Zhang K. Gut microbiota: A new target for traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of depression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:116038. [PMID: 36529248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNIC PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The causes of depression are complex. Many factors are involved in its pathogenesis, including the individual's biological and social environment. Although numerous studies have reported that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in depression, drugs that regulate the gut microbiota to treat depression have not yet been comprehensively reviewed. At the same time, more and more attention has been paid to the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in improving depression by regulating gut microbiota. In ancient times, fecal microbiota transplantation was recorded in TCM for the treatment of severe diseases. There are also records in Chinese ancient books about the use of TCM to adjust gut microbiota to treat diseases, which has opened up a unique research field in TCM. Therefore, this article focuses on the pharmacological effects, targets, and mechanisms of TCM in improving depression by mediating the influence of gut microbiota. AIM OF THIS REVIEW To summarize the role the gut microbiota plays in depression, highlight potential regulatory targets, and elucidate the anti-depression mechanisms of TCMs through regulation of the gut microbiota. METHODS A systematic review of 256 clinical trials and pharmaceutical studies published until June 2022 was conducted in eight electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, SciFinder, Research Gate, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus, and China Knowledge Infrastructure), according to the implemented PRISMA criteria, using the search terms "traditional Chinese medicine," "depression," and "gut microbiota." RESULTS Numerous studies reported the effects of different gut bacteria on depression and that antidepressants work through the gut microbiota. TCM preparations based on compound Chinese medicine, the Chinese Materia Medica, and major bioactive components exerted antidepressant-like effects by improving levels of neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, kynurenine, and cytokines via regulation of the gut microbiota. CONCLUSION This review summarized the anti-depression effects of TCM on the gut microbiota, providing evidence that TCMs are safe and effective in the treatment of depression and may provide a new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boru Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Meijing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lijin Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hang Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Lianyungang, 222001, China.
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Tianjin UBasio Biotechnology Group, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Gao FY, Chen XF, Cui LX, Zhai YJ, Liu JL, Gao CC, Fang YC, Huang TH, Wen J, Zhou TT. Gut microbiota mediates the pharmacokinetics of Zhi-zi-chi decoction for the personalized treatment of depression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115934. [PMID: 36414216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zhi-zi-chi decoction (ZZCD), from "Treatise on Febrile Diseases", is a typical traditional Chinese medicine herb pair, which consists of Gardeniae Fructus (GF) and Semen Sojae Praeparatu (SSP). In clinical research, ZZCD was widely used to fight depression, remove annoyance. Many studies have reported that gut microbiota is critical target for the influence of depress through gut-brain axis, and our previously studies have found that ZZCD exhibiting antidepressant effect was through the gut-brain axis. However, the specific mechanism by which gut microbiota mediates the pharmacokinetics parameters of active compounds from ZZCD during the process of depression treatment has not yet been studied. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the differences in pharmacokinetics characters of bioactive iridoids from ZZCD and study the changes of gut microbiota at different stages of depression with the personalized medicine of ZZCD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A new strategy exploring the relationship among disease phenotypes (D), intestinal microbiota (I), enzymes (E) and traits of metabolism (T) named as "DIET" was established. Firstly, a fast, selective and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) was established and validated to quality the main bioactive compounds from ZZCD and compare the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of different iridoids prototypes and metabolites from ZZCD between normal and chronic unpredictable mild stress rats. Subsequently, the activity of corresponding metabolic enzymes of anti-depressive compounds, β-glucosidases and sulfotransferases, were analyzed by ρ-nitrophenyl-β -D-glucopyranoside and sulfotransferases ELISA kits, respectively. Finally, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was adopt to analyze intestinal bacteria composition for the treatment of depression by ZZCD. RESULTS The antidepressant effect of ZZCD was promoted due to the increased exposures and reduced eliminations of anti-depressive compounds, especially geniposide and genipin 1-gentiobioside, under the depression state. With the ZZCD treatment, the depression was improved, but the exposures of anti-depressive compounds from ZZCD gradually decreased. Meanwhile, there were the corresponding decreased trends on the activity of β-glucosidases and sulfotransferases. With the consumption of ZZDC and the improvement of depression, the exposures of anti-depressive iridoid glycosides decreased and the activity of metabolism enzymes restored. Meanwhile, the dysbiosis of pathogenic bacteria (Bacteroidota) induced by depression was ameliorated and the probiotics (Firmicutes) at the phylum and genus level raised, the two phyla are closely related to the production of β-glucosidase and sulfotransferases. CONCLUSIONS It is the first proposed that ZZCD could personalized to treat depression at different stages targeting gut microbiota and gut microbiome could emerged as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yuan Gao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, No. 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xue-Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China; Sunshine LAKE Pharma Co.,ltd, No. 368 Zhenan Middle Road, Changan, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523846, China.
| | - Li-Xun Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yu-Jia Zhai
- Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Naval Medical University, No. 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jia-Lin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China; Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Cong-Cong Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yi-Chao Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | | | - Jun Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Ting-Ting Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Li Q, Hu J, Qiu Z, Li J, Zhou M, Huang X, He D, Yuan C, Yin K, Liu Y, Liu S, Chen X. Shuganheweitang Ameliorates Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors in Rats through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway: Involvement of Amino Acids, Glycerophospholipids, and Energy Metabolism. Chin Med 2023. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2023.141002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
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Guo H, Liu X, Jiang Y, He J, Ge W, Hao H, Huang T, He Y, Wen J, Zhou T. Characterization and quantification of the Chinese medical formula Zhi-Zi-Chi decoction, a systematic strategy for the attenuation and synergy of compatibility mechanism. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 223:115130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhu Y, Wang F, Han J, Zhao Y, Yu M, Ma M, Yu Z. Untargeted and targeted mass spectrometry reveal the effects of theanine on the central and peripheral metabolomics of chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression in juvenile rats. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:73-87. [PMID: 36816539 PMCID: PMC9937789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
l-theanine has been shown to have a therapeutic effect on depression. However, whether l-theanine has an excellent preventive effect on depression in children and adolescents and what its mechanism is have not been well explained. Given the complexity of the pathogenesis of depression, this study investigated the preventive effect and mechanism of l-theanine on depression in juvenile rats by combining serum and hippocampal metabolomic strategies. Behavioral tests, hippocampal tissue sections, and serum and hippocampal biochemical indexes were studied, and the results confirmed the preventive effect of l-theanine. Untargeted reversed-phase liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and targeted hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry were developed to analyze the metabolism changes in the serum and hippocampus to screen for potential biomarkers related to l-theanine treatment. The results suggested that 28 abnormal metabolites in the serum and hippocampus that were considered as potential biomarkers returned to near-normal levels after l-theanine administration. These biomarkers were involved in various metabolic pathways, mainly including amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. The levels of amino acids and neurotransmitters in the phenylalanine, tryptophan, and glutamic acid pathways were significantly reduced after l-theanine administration compared with chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced rats. In summary, l-theanine had a significant preventive effect on depression and achieved its preventive results on depression by regulating various aspects of the body, such as amino acids, lipids, and inflammation. This research systematically analyzed the mechanism of l-theanine in preventing depression and laid the foundation for applying l-theanine to prevent depression in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Zhu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiatong Han
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yunli Zhao
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Mingyan Ma
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Zhiguo Yu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China,Corresponding author.
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Krasteva G, Berkov S, Pavlov A, Georgiev V. Metabolite Profiling of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis In Vitro Cultures with Different Levels of Differentiation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248906. [PMID: 36558039 PMCID: PMC9784620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is an aromatic and medicinal plant of high economic value. Much research has focused on the phytochemistry and biological activities of Gardenia fruit extracts; however, the potential of the Gardenia plant in vitro cultures used as mass production systems of valuable secondary metabolites has been understudied. This paper presents data on metabolite profiling (GC/MS and HPLC), antioxidant activities (DPPH, TEAC, FRAP, and CUPRAC), and SSR profiles of G. jasminoides plant leaves and in vitro cultures with different levels of differentiation (shoots, callus, and cell suspension). The data show strong correlations (r = 0.9777 to r = 0.9908) between antioxidant activity and the concentrations of chlorogenic acid, salicylic acid, rutin, and hesperidin. Eleven co-dominant microsatellite simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers were used to evaluate genetic variations (average PIC = 0.738 ± 0.153). All of the investigated Gardenia in vitro cultures showed high genetic variabilities (average Na = 5.636 ± 2.157, average Ne = 3.0 ± 1.095). This is the first report on a study on metabolite profiles, antioxidant activities, and genetic variations of G. jasminoides in vitro cultures with different levels of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergana Krasteva
- Laboratory of Cell Biosystems, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Strahil Berkov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Atanas Pavlov
- Laboratory of Cell Biosystems, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Vasil Georgiev
- Laboratory of Cell Biosystems, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
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Jiang C, Wang H, Qi J, Li J, He Q, Wang C, Gao Y. Antidepressant effects of cherry leaf decoction on a chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model based on the Glu/GABA-Gln metabolic loop. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2883-2901. [PMID: 36181653 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cherry leaves (Prunus pseudocerasus Lindl. [Rosaceae]), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, can regulate the factors closely related to depression including inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and blood glucose level. However, the antidepressant effects of cherry leaves and underlying neuromodulatory mechanisms remain relatively have not been elucidated explicitly. The present study investigated the antidepressant effects of cherry leaf decoction (CLD). The underlying neuromodulatory mechanism was explored by examining the glutamate (Glu)/γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-glutamine (Gln) metabolic loop. The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rodent model was used in this study. The main flavonoids components of CLD were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antidepressant effects of CLD were assessed throughout behavioural tests including the bodyweight, sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swimming test (FPT) and tail suspension test (TST). Moreover, The baseline levels of serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) were quantified. The expression of proteins integrally involved in the Glu/GABA-Gln metabolic loop were observed and quantified by Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. This study found that CLD ameliorated depressive-like behaviours induced by CUMS. The increase of serum ACTH and CORT baseline levels induced by CUMS was also reversed after CLD intervention. Furthermore, CUMS reduced the expression of GAD65, GAD67, GLT-1, GS and GABAA and increased NMDAR1 levels in the rat hippocampus, which was normalized by CLD treatment. The findings demonstrated that CLD could ameliorate the depression-like behaviours induced by CUMS, potentially through the inhibition of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity and the regulation of Glu/GABA-Gln metabolic loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Jiang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian He
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaonan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yonggang Gao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research On Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Detection of the role of intestinal flora and tryptophan metabolism involved in antidepressant-like actions of crocetin based on a multi-omics approach. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3657-3677. [PMID: 36169685 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Depression is a serious mood disorder, and crocetin has a variety of pharmacological activities, including antidepressant effect. The alterations of intestinal flora have a significant correlation with depression, and crocetin can alter the composition of intestinal flora in mice with depression-like behaviors. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the underlying antidepressant mechanisms of crocetin through multi-omics coupled with biochemical technique validation. METHODS Chronic unpredictable stress (CUMS) was used to induce mice model of depression to evaluate the antidepressant effect of crocetin through behavioral tests, and the metagenomic and metabolomic were used to explore the potential mechanisms involved. In order to verify its underlying mechanism, western blot (WB), Elisa, immune histological and HPLC techniques were used to detect the level of inflammatory cytokines and the level of metabolites/proteins related to tryptophan metabolism in crocetin-treated mice. RESULTS Crocetin ameliorated depression-like behaviors and increased mobility in depressive mice induced by CUMS. Metagenomic results showed that crocetin regulated the structure of intestinal flora, as well as significantly regulated the function gene related to derangements in energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism in mice with depression-like behaviors. Metabolomic results showed that the tryptophan metabolism, arginine metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism played an essential role in exerting antidepressant-like effect of crocetin. According to multi-omics approaches and validation results, tryptophan metabolism and inflammation were identified and validated as valuable biological processes involved in the antidepressant effects of crocetin. Crocetin regulated the tryptophan metabolism in mice with depression-like behaviors, including increased aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) expression, reduced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and serotonin transporter (SERT) expression in the hippocampus, elevated the content of 5-HT, kynurenic acid in serum and 5-HT, tryptophan in hippocampus. In addition, crocetin also attenuated inflammation in mice with depression-like behaviors, which presented with reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines in serum and colon. Meanwhile, crocetin up-regulated the expression of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) and occludin in ileum and colon to repair the intestinal barrier for preventing inflammation transfer. CONCLUSION Our findings clarify that crocetin exerted antidepressant effects through its anti-inflammation, repairment of intestinal barrier, modulatory on the intestinal flora and metabolic disorders, which further regulated tryptophan metabolism and impacted mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway to enhance neural plasticity, thereby protect neural.
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Parra-Martínez C, Selma-Royo M, Callejón-Leblic B, Collado MC, Abril N, García-Barrera T. Mice brain metabolomics after the exposure to a "chemical cocktail" and selenium supplementation through the gut-brain axis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129443. [PMID: 35816792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Several environmental pollutants have been shown to damage brain and affect gut microbiota. Limited evidence is available about the impact of "chemical cocktails" (CC) of xenobiotics on brain metabolome and their possible influence in the gut-brain crosstalk. To this end, BALB/c mice were exposed to heavy metals (As, Hg, Cd) and pharmaceuticals (diclofenac and flumequine) under regular rodent diet or supplemented with selenium (Se). Selenium, an antioxidant well-known for its antagonism against the neurotoxicity of several pollutants, modulated several brain metabolic impairments caused by CC (e.g., brain levels of the excitatory amino acid N-acetyl aspartic acid) by influencing mainly the metabolisms of purine, glycosylate and dicarboxylate, glutamate, glycerophospholipid, alanine and aspartate. Numerous associations were obtained between brain metabolites and gut microbes and they changed after Se-supplementation (e.g., Lactobacillus was positively associated with a brain ceramide, phosphoserine, phosphocholine, vitamin D3 derivative, fatty acids, malic acid, amino acids, and urea after the exposure, but not after Se-supplementation). Our results showed numerous evidences about the impact of CC on brain metabolome, the potential role of Se as an antagonist and their impact on the gut-brain axis. Further research is needed to understand the complex mechanism of action implied on CC-brain-microbiota interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Parra-Martínez
- Research Center of Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA). Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Fuerzas Armadas Ave., 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - M Selma-Royo
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology, Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - B Callejón-Leblic
- Research Center of Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA). Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Fuerzas Armadas Ave., 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - M C Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology, Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - N Abril
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - T García-Barrera
- Research Center of Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA). Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Fuerzas Armadas Ave., 21007 Huelva, Spain.
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Zhang Y, Fang YC, Cui LX, Jiang YT, Luo YS, Zhang W, Yu DX, Wen J, Zhou TT. Zhi-Zi-Chi Decoction Reverses Depressive Behaviors in CUMS Rats by Reducing Oxidative Stress Injury Via Regulating GSH/GSSG Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:887890. [PMID: 35462900 PMCID: PMC9021728 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.887890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the main diseases that lead to disability and loss of ability to work. As a traditional Chinese medicine, Zhi-zi-chi decoction is utilized to regulate and improve depression. However, the research on the antidepressant mechanism and efficacy material basis of Zhi-zi-chi decoction has not been reported yet. Our previous research has found that Zhi-Zi-chi decoction can reduce glutamate-induced oxidative stress damage to PC 12 cells, which can exert a neuroprotective effect, and the antidepressant effect of Zhi-Zi-chi decoction was verified in CUMS rat models. In this study, the animal model of depression was established by chronic unpredictable mild stimulation combined with feeding alone. The brain metabolic profile of depressed rats was analyzed by the method of metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass. 26 differential metabolites and six metabolic pathways related to the antidepressant of Zhi-zi-chi decoction were screened and analyzed. The targeted metabolism of the glutathione metabolic pathway was analyzed. At the same time, the levels of reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase in the brain of depressed rats were measured. Combined with our previous study, the antioxidant effect of the glutathione pathway in the antidepressant effect of Zhi-zi-chi decoction was verified from the cellular and animal levels respectively. These results indicated that Zhi-zi-chi decoction exerted a potential antidepressive effect associated with reversing the imbalance of glutathione and oxidative stress in the brain of depressed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Chengdu Institute for Drug Control, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Chao Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Xun Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Tong Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Sha Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Xun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Wen, ; Ting-Ting Zhou,
| | - Ting-Ting Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Wen, ; Ting-Ting Zhou,
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Feng L, Xing H, Zhang K. The therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine in depression: Targeting adult hippocampal neurogenesis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153980. [PMID: 35152089 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental disorder characterized by persistent sadness and lack of interest or pleasure in previously rewarding or enjoyable activities. Understandably, the causes of depression are complex. Nevertheless, the understanding of depression pathophysiology has progressed considerably and numerous studies indicate that hippocampal neurogenesis plays a pivotal role. However, no drugs specifically targeting hippocampal neurogenesis yet exist. Meanwhile, the effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on hippocampal neurogenesis have received increasing attention in the field of antidepressant treatment because of its multi-ingredient, multi-target, and holistic view. However, the effects and mechanisms of TCM on hippocampal neurogenesis in clinical trials and pharmaceutical studies remain to be comprehensively delineated. PURPOSE To summarize the importance of hippocampal neurogenesis in depression and illustrate the targets and mechanisms of hippocampal neurogenesis regulation that underlie the antidepressant effects of TCM. METHOD A systematic review of clinical trials and studies ending by January 2022 was performed across eight electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, SciFinder, Research Gate, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus and China Knowledge Infrastructure) according to the PRISMA criteria, using the search terms 'traditional Chinese medicine' "AND" 'depression' "OR" 'hippocampal neurogenesis' "OR" 'multi-ingredient' "OR" 'multi-target'. RESULTS Numerous studies show that hippocampal neurogenesis is attenuated in depression, and that antidepressants act by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis. Moreover, compound Chinese medicine (CCM), Chinese meteria medica (CMM), and major bioactive components (MBCs) can promote hippocampal neurogenesis exerting antidepressant effects through modulation of neurotransmitters and receptors, neurotrophins, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, inflammatory factors, autophagy, and gut microbiota. CONCLUSION We have comprehensively summarized the effect and mechanism of TCM on hippocampal neurogenesis in depression providing a unique perspective on the use of TCM in the antidepressant field. TCM has the characteristics and advantages of multiple targets and high efficacy, showing great potential in the field of depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hang Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Tianjin UBasio Biotechnology Group, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Wang Q, Sun YN, Zou CM, Zhang TL, Li Z, Liu M, Shi BY, Shi SS, Yu CY, Wei TM. Regulation of the kynurenine/serotonin pathway by berberine and the underlying effect in the hippocampus of the chronic unpredictable mild stress mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 422:113764. [PMID: 35051489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental disorder and is one of the main causes of disability. Berberine (BBR), the major constituent alkaloid originally from the famous Chinese herb Huanglian (Coptis chinensis), has been shown to exert antidepressant-like effects. This study was to investigate the hypothesis that BBR treats depressive-like behavior by shifting the balance of the kynurenine (KYN)/serotonin (5-HT) pathway toward the 5-HT pathway through downregulated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and upregulated dopamine decarboxylase (DDC) in hippocampus. METHOD A chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice model of depression was established via 21 days unpredictable stimulation. Then the mice were randomly assigned into six groups, namely control, model, fluoxetine [FLU, (10 mg/kg)], BBRL (25 mg/kg), BBRM (50 mg/kg), and BBRH (100 mg/kg) groups. Behavioral assessments were conducted to evaluate the antidepressant effects of BBR. The levels of 5-HT, KYN, tryptophan (TRP), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in hippocampus were estimated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mRNA and protein levels of DDC, MAOA and IDO1 in hippocampus were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB), respectively. RESULT The results showed that a successful CUMS mice model was established through 21 days of continuous unpredictable stimulation, as indicated by the significant decrease in locomotor activity and increase in immobility time, reduction in body weight and sucrose preference rate etc. Compared with the normal group, the concentrations of KYN/TRP had significantly increased (p## <0.01) and 5-HT/5-HIAA had decreased (p#<0.05) at day 21 in the control group, but then improved after drug treatment with FLU and BBR. Compared with the normal group, the mRNA of IDO1 and MAOA were significantly upregulated (p#<0.05) in the control group, MAOA and IDO1 gene were downregulated by FLU and BBR treatment. Protein expressions of IDO1 and MAOA was significantly increased (p#<0.05) and DDC downregulated (p##<0.01). BBR treatment downregulated IDO1 and MAOA, upregulated DDC. CONCLUSIONS BBR reversed the abnormalities of the KYN/5-HT pathway in depressed mice and achieved an excellent antidepressant effect. Its direct impact may be observed as changes in biological indicators in mice hippocampus tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Ya-Nan Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Chun-Ming Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Te-Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of human resource, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Bi-Ying Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shan-Shan Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Chun-Yue Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Tai-Ming Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China.
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Sun L, Wang G, Wu Z, Xie Y, Zhou L, Xiao L, Wang H. Swimming exercise reduces the vulnerability to stress and contributes to the AKT/GSK3β/CRMP2 pathway and microtubule dynamics mediated protective effects on neuroplasticity in male C57BL/6 mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 211:173285. [PMID: 34626621 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
While swimming exercise has been shown to positively affect the development of the nervous system, it still remains unclear whether it reduces the vulnerability to stress. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to swimming training for 5 weeks, and then subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 4 weeks. We found that swimming exercise prevented anxiety-like and depressive phenotypes induced by CUMS, including increased anxiety-like behavior in the open field test (OFT) and elevated plus-maze (EPM) test and increased despair behavior in the tail suspension test (TST). Moreover, the control+stress group showed reduced expression of phosphorylated AKT kinase (p-AKT), phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK3β), and tubulin-tyrosine ligase (Tyr-tubulin) and increased protein expression of phosphorylated collapsin response mediator protein 2 (p-CRMP-2); the control+control, swim+control, and swim+stress groups exhibited higher expression of these proteins than the control+stress group. This study confirmed that swimming exercise could reduce the vulnerability of individuals to stress and that it contributes to the AKT/GSK-3β/CRMP-2 pathway and microtubule dynamics mediated protective effects on neuroplasticity. The AKT/GSK-3β/CRMP-2 pathway and microtubule dynamics may be involved in resilience to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Zuotian Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yumeng Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan 430060, China
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