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Nuwagira C, Peter EL, Ajayi CO, Adriko J, Kagoro GR, Olet EA, Ogwang PE, Tolo CU. Developmental stages influence in vivo antimalarial activity of aerial part extracts of Schkuhria pinnata. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114341. [PMID: 34144195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Malaria remains a dire health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In Uganda, it is the most ordinary condition in hospital admission and outpatient care. The country's meager health services compel malaria patients to use herbal remedies such as Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.) Kuntze ex Thell (Asteraceae). Although in vivo studies tested the antimalarial activity of S. pinnata extracts, plant developmental stages and their effect at different doses remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to determine the effect of the plant developmental stage on the antimalarial activity of S. pinnata in mice and to document the acute oral toxicity profile. METHODS Seeds of S. pinnata were grown, and aerial parts of each developmental stage were harvested. Extraction was done by maceration in 70% methanol. The antimalarial activity was evaluated using chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei on swiss albino mice, in a chemosuppressive test, at 150, 350, and 700 mg/kg, p.o. Standard drugs used were artemether-lumefantrine (0.57 + 3.43) mg/kg and chloroquine (10 mg/kg) as positive controls. Distilled water at 1 mL/100g was used as a negative control. The Lorke method was adopted to determine the acute toxicity of extracts. RESULTS The flowering stage extract had a maximum suppression of parasitemia at 700 mg/kg (68.83 ± 4.49%). Extract at other developmental stages also significantly suppressed the parasitemia (in the ascending order) fruiting (50.71 ± 1.87%), budding (54.92 ± 7.56%), vegetative (55.39 ± 2.01%) compared to the negative control (24.7 ± 2.7%), p < 0.05. Extracts from all developmental stages increased survival time, with the flowering stage having the highest survival time at 20.33 ± 0.88 days. All extracts had an LD50 of 2157 mg/kg, implying that extracts are safe at lower doses. CONCLUSION Together, our findings revealed that the S. pinnata extracts at the flowering stage had superior antimalarial activity compared to other plant developmental stages. Extracts from all developmental stages have demonstrated a dose-dependent suppression of malarial parasites and increased survival time with an LD50 of 2157 mg/kg. Thus, for better antimalarial activity, local communities could consider harvesting S. pinnata at the flowering stage. Further studies are needed to isolate pure compounds from S. pinnata and determine their antimalarial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Nuwagira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
| | - Emanuel L Peter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Department of Innovation, Technology Transfer and Commercialization, National Institute for Medical Research, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Clement Olusoji Ajayi
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
| | - John Adriko
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Laboratories, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Grace-Rugunda Kagoro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
| | - Eunice Apio Olet
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
| | - Patrick Engeu Ogwang
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
| | - Casim Umba Tolo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
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Mondal M, Quispe C, Sarkar C, Bepari TC, Alam MJ, Saha S, Ray P, Rahim MA, Islam MT, Setzer WN, Salehi B, Ahmadi M, Abdalla M, Sharifi-Rad J, Kundu SK. Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Essential Oil of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Leaf: In Vivo and in Silico Studies. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211007634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of our present study is to scrutinize the analgesic and anti-inflammatory potentials of essential oil of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf using different in vivo assay models at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight. Twenty chemical compounds, which were isolated from the leaves essential oil of E. camaldulensis, were docked using AutodockVina against cyclooxygenase 2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β convertase to elucidate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. The essential oil of E. camaldulensis exhibited noteworthy analgesic activities in the writhing test. In the tail immersion and hot-plate test, the essential oil significantly extended the latency period. The number of licks in the formalin-induced paw licking test was markedly reduced following essential oil administration. In addition, E. camaldulensis essential oil revealed notable anti-inflammatory responses in carrageenan-induced paw edema, xylene induced ear edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma methods. Among 20 compounds, 5 ( cis-sabinol, globulol, α-eudesmol, β-eudesmol, and γ-eudesmol) showed better binding for cyclooxygenase-2 while β-eudesmol exhibited higher affinity for TNFα than that of TNF-alpha-IN-1 and standard drug. In the case of interleukin 1β convertase, maximum affinity was shown by α-eudesmol than the synthetic drug belnacasan. Chemical components of the essential oil interacted with diverse amino acid residues which were similar to the natural substrate and standard drugs. In conclusion, E. camaldulensis essential oil can be an effective source of analgesic and anti-inflammatory treatment and additional modification and docking studies will be required to justify the efficiency of globulol, α-eudesmol, β-eudesmol, and γ-eudesmol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milon Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Jahir Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sushmita Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Pranta Ray
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | | | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, Lehi, UT, USA
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ahmadi
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohnad Abdalla
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
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