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Chan SKW, Zhou LF, Cai J, Liao Y, Huang Y, Deng ZY, Liu YJ, Chen XC, Gao R, Zhang XF, Tao YQ, Zhou L, Deng XP, Liu B, Ran MS. Risk factors of non-suicidal self-injury of youth students at different developmental stages during COVID-19 pandemic in Jingzhou China. J Affect Disord 2024; 355:57-65. [PMID: 38518855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Kit Wa Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Li-Fang Zhou
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, China
| | - Jia Cai
- Mental Health Center, Institute of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yingqi Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yi Huang
- Mental Health Center, Institute of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhong-Yue Deng
- Mental Health Center, Institute of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yu-Jun Liu
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Chen
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, Sichuan 625000, China
| | - Ru Gao
- Wenjiang People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610037, China
| | - Xin-Feng Zhang
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, China
| | - Yan-Qing Tao
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, China
| | - Lie Zhou
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Deng
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, China.
| | - Mao-Sheng Ran
- Mental Health Center, Institute of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Jang HA, Ku SM, Kim JH, Jung SM, Lee J, Lee YS, Han YS, Jo YH. In silico identification and expression analyses of peroxidases in Tenebrio molitor. Genes Genomics 2024; 46:601-611. [PMID: 38546934 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-024-01498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Human advancements in agriculture, urbanization, and industrialization have led to various forms of environmental pollution, including heavy metal pollution. Insects, as highly adaptable organisms, can survive under various environmental stresses, which induce oxidative damage and impair antioxidant systems. To investigate the peroxidase (POX) family in Tenebrio molitor, we characterized two POXs, namely TmPOX-iso1 and TmPOX-iso2. The full-length cDNA sequences of TmPox-iso1 and TmPox-iso2 respectively consisted of an open reading frame of 1815 bp encoding 605 amino acids and an open reading frame of 2229 bp encoding 743 amino acids. TmPOX-iso1 and TmPOX-iso2 homologs were found in five distinct insect orders. In the phylogenetic tree analysis, TmPOX-iso1 was clustered with the predicted POX protein of T. castaneum, and TmPOX-iso2 was clustered with the POX precursor protein of T. castaneum. During development, the highest expression level of TmPox-iso1 was observed in the pre-pupal stage, while that of TmPox-iso2 expression were observed in the pre-pupal and 4-day pupal stages. TmPox-iso1 was primarily expressed in the early and late larval gut, while TmPox-iso2 mRNA expression was higher in the fat bodies and Malpighian tubules. In response to cadmium chloride treatment, TmPox-iso1 expression increased at 3 hours and then declined until 24 hours, while in the zinc chloride-treated group, TmPox-iso1 expression peaked 24 hours after the treatment. Both treated groups showed increases in TmPox-iso2 expression 24 hours after the treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Am Jang
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Ku
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hui Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mok Jung
- Research Institute for Basic Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongdae Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Soo Han
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hun Jo
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.
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Alvanou MV, Feidantsis K, Lattos A, Stoforiadi A, Apostolidis AP, Michaelidis B, Giantsis IA. Influence of temperature on embryonic development of Pontastacus leptodactylus freshwater crayfish, and characterization of growth and osmoregulation related genes. BMC ZOOL 2024; 9:8. [PMID: 38679730 PMCID: PMC11057103 DOI: 10.1186/s40850-024-00198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Narrow clawed crayfish, Pontastacus (Astacus) leptodactylus, represents an ecologically and economically valuable freshwater species. Despite the high importance of artificial breeding for conservation purpose and aquaculture potential, hatching protocols have not been developed so far in this species. Further, limited knowledge exists regarding the artificial egg incubation, the temperature effect on embryonic development, hatching synchronization and hatching rate. In the present study we investigated the temperature increase (from 17 oC to 22oC) effects in two different embryonic developmental stages of P. leptodactylus. Furthermore, two primer pairs for the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 (FGFR4) gene cDNA amplification were successfully designed, characterising for the first time the FGFR4 gene in P. leptodactylus in relation to different developmental stages and temperatures. Apart from the FGFR4 gene, the Na+/K+-ATPase α-subunit expression was also explored. Both the FGFR4 and Na+/K+-ATPase α-subunit expression levels were higher in embryos closer to hatching. Egg incubation at 22oC for seven days led to significant increase of FGFR4 expression in embryos from earlier developmental stages. Nevertheless, temperature increase did not affect FGFR4 expression in eggs from latter developmental stages and Na+/K+-ATPase α-subunit expression in all developmental stages. Temperature increase represents therefore probably a promising strategy for accelerating hatching in freshwater crayfish particularly in early developmental stages. Specifically, our results indicate that FGFR4 expression increased in embryonic stages closer to hatching and that temperature influences significantly its expression in embryos from earlier developmental stages. Overall, these findings can provide a better understanding of artificial egg incubation of P. leptodactylus, and therefore can be employed for the effective management of this species, both for economic and biodiversity retention reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Alvanou
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, Florina, 53100, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios Lattos
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, Florina, 53100, Greece
| | - Anthi Stoforiadi
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, Florina, 53100, Greece
| | - Apostolos P Apostolidis
- Laboratory of Ichthyology & Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Ioannis A Giantsis
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, Florina, 53100, Greece.
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
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Cao Z, Guo R, Fang Z, Wang Z, Liu Y, Lin L, Ji X. Normal table of embryonic development in the Anji salamander Hynobius amjiensis (Hynobiidae). Dev Biol 2024; 511:S0012-1606(24)00100-3. [PMID: 38648924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
We established a normal embryonic development table for the Anji salamander Hynobius amjiensis, a critically endangered tailed amphibian of the family Hynobiidae with a very limited distribution in East China, following the standards set by the early developmental table of vertebrates. Put together 32 embryonic stages for the Anji salamander was defined. The total embryonic period from oviposition to hatching is approximately 30 days at 9 °C. Stages 1 to 16 represent early development from cleavage to neurulation. Stages 17 to 32 represent organogenesis documenting later developmental events such as tail, gill, and limb formation, and hatching (Stage 32). We provided a detailed description of the external morphology and color changes of the head, trunk, limbs, tail, external gills, and balancers at various stages from egg-laying to hatching. We also described several cases of abnormal embryonic development. The establishment of the embryonic development table in H. amjiensis contributes to better understanding of the ontogeny in tailed amphibians, distinguishing closely related species, and identifying abnormal embryonic amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Cao
- Herpetological Research Center, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ruiyang Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhengyuan Fang
- Herpetological Research Center, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Herpetological Research Center, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Herpetological Research Center, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Longhui Lin
- Herpetological Research Center, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Xiang Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Simon P, Nader-Grosbois N. How do Children with Intellectual Disabilities Empathize in Comparison to Typically Developing Children? J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06340-3. [PMID: 38607472 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Two studies were conducted to better understand how children with intellectual disabilities (ID) empathize with the feelings of others during social interactions. The first study tested hypotheses of developmental delay or difference regarding empathy in 79 children with ID by comparing them with typically developing (TD) children, matched for developmental age or chronological age. The second study examined specific aspects of empathy in 23 children with Down syndrome (DS), compared with 23 nonspecific ID children, matched for developmental age, and TD children, matched for developmental age or chronological age. METHOD An empathy task was administered to the children while their parents completed the French versions of the Empathy Questionnaire and the Griffith Empathy Measure. RESULTS The first study showed that ID children showed delayed empathy development but were perceived by their parents as deficient in cognitive empathy. The second study showed that DS children were perceived as being more attentive to the feelings of others than TD children and non-specific ID children, matched for developmental age, and as having affective empathy that was similar to that of TD children matched for chronological age. CONCLUSION These studies have drawn attention to delays or differences in different dimensions of empathy in children with ID and DS, which need to be taken into account in interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poline Simon
- Chair Baron Frère in special education, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Nader-Grosbois
- Chair Baron Frère in special education, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Nielson MG, Martin CL, England DE, Hanish LD, Santos CE, Delay D, Updegraff KA, Rogers AA. Patterns of Gender Development Across Intersections of Age, Gender, and Ethnicity-Race. Arch Sex Behav 2024:10.1007/s10508-024-02824-6. [PMID: 38448690 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02824-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Two components of gender identity are gender similarity, how one's self-concept relates to the major gender collectives (i.e., female, male), and felt pressure to conform to gender norms. The development of these components across ages and contexts has been understudied. The focus of this study was to examine variations in gender similarity and felt pressure across multiple intersecting contexts: developmental stage, gender, and ethnic-racial group. Six data sets were harmonized and means were compared across 2628 participants (51% girls, 49% boys) from four different developmental cohorts (childhood n = 678, early adolescence n = 1322, adolescence n = 415, and young adulthood n = 213) from diverse ethnic-racial backgrounds (45% White, 23% Latinx/Hispanic, 11% Black/African-American, 7% Asian-American, 5% American Indian, and 5% Multiracial). Results revealed nuanced patterns: Gender intensification was supported in early adolescence, primarily for boys. Young adult men reported lower levels of pressure and gender typicality than younger boys, but young adult women's levels were generally not different than younger girls. Surprisingly, young adult women's levels of own-gender similarity and pressure from parents were higher than adolescent girls. Expectations of gender differences in gender typicality and felt pressure were supported for all ages except young adults, with higher levels for boys. Finally, there were more similarities than differences across ethnic-racial groups, though when there were differences, minoritized participants reported heightened gender typicality and pressure (largely accounted for by higher scores for Black and Latinx participants and lower scores for White and Multiracial participants). These results add to what is understood about contextually dependent gender development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Nielson
- Psychology Department, New York University Abu Dhabi, 178B Building A3, Saadiyat Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Carol Lynn Martin
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Development, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Dawn E England
- School of Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| | - Laura D Hanish
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Development, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Carlos E Santos
- Department of Social Welfare, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dawn Delay
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Development, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kimberly A Updegraff
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Adam A Rogers
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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Xie C, Cui B, Xie T, Yu S, Ning Z. Evolution of a tidal channel network in the Yellow River Delta, China, and simulation of optimization scenarios. J Environ Manage 2024; 353:120215. [PMID: 38281422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Tidal channel networks, which characterize all river deltas, control the exchange of water and nutrients (hydrological connectivity) between the ocean and the delta area. Therefore, a tidal channel network in optimal conditions ensures the maintenance of the diversity and stability of the deltaic ecosystem. However, the developmental status of channel networks in the Yellow River Delta, China, has not been clearly determined. Here, we selected a typical tidal channel network in this delta that showed different spatial patterns (e.g., connectivity attributes) in the past three decades and explored its evolution using entropy as an index of connectivity. Seven scenarios were set up to determine the optimal status of the tidal channel network by optimizing its structure. The optimization effect was evaluated by comparing the connectivity attributes of the channel network before and after optimization. The results showed that the network experienced two obviously different developmental phases: an evolution before 2005 and a regression after 2005. Mann-Kendall analysis indicated that the channel network achieved dynamic stability before 2014 and became unstable thereafter. The simulations conducted to optimize the system showed that adding outlets changed the current patterns of the network' structural and functional connectivity. As the optimization proceeded, structural connectivity increased while functional connectivity decreased, and the tidal channel network tended to be dynamically stable. Our study elucidated the quantitative relationship between outlet number and stability within tidal channel networks, providing reference information that could be incorporated into future projects for the restoration and management of river deltas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Yellow River Estuary Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Shandong, 257500, China
| | - Baoshan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Yellow River Estuary Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Shandong, 257500, China.
| | - Tian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Yellow River Estuary Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Shandong, 257500, China
| | - Shuling Yu
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Zhonghua Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Li M, Ghonimy A, Chen DQ, Li JT, He YY, López Greco LS, Dyzenchauz F, Chang ZQ. Profile of the gut microbiota of Pacific white shrimp under industrial indoor farming system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:225. [PMID: 38376561 PMCID: PMC10879296 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbial communities interact with the host immunity and physiological functions. In this study, we investigated the bacterial composition in Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp's gut and rearing water under different host (developmental stage: juvenile and adult; health status: healthy and diseased) and environmental factors (temperature 25 °C and 28 °C; and light intensity: low and high). The PCoA analysis showed that all water samples were clustered together in a quarter, whereas the gut samples spread among three quarters. In terms of functional bacteria, gut samples of adult shrimp, healthy adult shrimp, adult shrimp raised at 28 °C, and juvenile shrimp under high light intensity exhibited a higher abundance of Vibrionaceae compared to each other opposite group. Gut samples of juvenile shrimp, infected adult shrimp, juvenile shrimp with low light intensity, and adult shrimp with a water temperature of 25 °C showed a higher abundance of Pseudoaltromonadaceae bacteria compared to each other opposite group. Gut samples of juvenile shrimp, healthy adult shrimp, adult shrimp raised at a water temperature of 28 °C, and juvenile shrimp with high light intensity showed the higher abundance of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio compared to each other opposite group. Our results showed that L. vannamei juveniles are more sensitive to bacterial infections; besides, water temperature of 28 °C and high light intensity groups were both important conditions improving the shrimp gut bacterial composition under industrial indoor farming systems. KEY POINTS: • Bacteria diversity was higher among shrimp intestinal microbiota compared to the rearing water. • Shrimp juveniles are more sensitive to bacterial infection compared to adults. • Water temperature of 28 °C and high light intensity are recommended conditions for white shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdallah Ghonimy
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Laura Susana López Greco
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción y el Crecimiento de Crustáceos Decápodos, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, 1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Dyzenchauz
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción y el Crecimiento de Crustáceos Decápodos, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, 1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Zhi-Qiang Chang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
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Sandil S, Záray G, Endrédi A, Füzy A, Takács T, Óvári M, Dobosy P. Arsenic uptake and accumulation in bean and lettuce plants at different developmental stages. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:118724-118735. [PMID: 37917265 PMCID: PMC10697903 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30593-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The pattern of arsenic (As) uptake at different developmental stages in plants and its consequent influence on the growth of plants was investigated in bean and lettuce. Further, the human health risk from the consumption of these As-laced vegetables was determined. The irrigation water was contaminated with As at concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/L. The As concentration in the plant parts (root, stem, leaves, and flower/fruit) was determined in bean at the young, flowering, and fruiting stages and lettuce at the young and mature stages. At the different growth stages, As had an impact on the biomass of bean and lettuce plant parts, but none of the biomass changes were significant (p>0.05). The increase in As concentration of the irrigation water elevated the As concentration of plant parts of both plants at all growth stages, with the exception of the bean fruit. The As concentration in the developmental stages was in the order: lettuce (young>mature) and bean (fruiting>young>flowering). In lettuce, the transfer factor was higher at the young stage (0.09-0.19, in the control and 0.1 mg/L As treatment), while in bean, it was highest at the flowering stage (0.09-0.41, in all treatments). In the edible part, lettuce possessed substantially elevated As concentrations (0.30, 0.61, and 1.21 mg/kg DW) compared to bean (0.008, 0.005, and 0.022 mg/kg DW) at As treatments of 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/L, respectively, and posed significant health risks at all applied As concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirat Sandil
- Cooperative Research Centre of Environmental Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, HUN-REN Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina út 29-31, Budapest, H-1113, Hungary
| | - Gyula Záray
- Cooperative Research Centre of Environmental Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, HUN-REN Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina út 29-31, Budapest, H-1113, Hungary
| | - Anett Endrédi
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, HUN-REN Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina út 29-31, Budapest, H-1113, Hungary
| | - Anna Füzy
- Institute for Soil Sciences, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest, H-1022, Hungary
| | - Tünde Takács
- Institute for Soil Sciences, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest, H-1022, Hungary
| | - Mihály Óvári
- Nuclear Security Department, HUN-REN Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest, H-1121, Hungary
| | - Péter Dobosy
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, HUN-REN Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina út 29-31, Budapest, H-1113, Hungary.
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Parmaksiz K, van de Bovenkamp H, Bal R. Does structural form matter? A comparative analysis of pooled procurement mechanisms for health commodities. Global Health 2023; 19:90. [PMID: 37996877 PMCID: PMC10668364 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-023-00974-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pooled procurement can be seen as a collaboration initiative of buyers. Such mechanisms have received increased attention during the Covid-19 pandemic to improve access to affordable and quality-assured health commodities. The structural form of pooled procurement mechanisms ranges from a third-party organization that procures on behalf of its buyers to a buyer's owned mechanism in which buyers operate more collaboratively. However, little is known about how these types of pooled procurement mechanisms differ in terms of characteristics, implementation and developmental process. To fill this gap, we compared four pooled procurement mechanisms. Two buyer's owned mechanisms: the Organisation of the Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) and the Pacific Island Countries (PIC). And two third-party mechanisms: the Global Drug Facility (GDF) and the Asthma Drug Facility (ADF). METHODS For this qualitative study, we used a multiple case-study design. The cases were purposefully selected, based on a most-similar case study design. We used the Pooled Procurement Guidance to collect data on individual cases and compared our findings between the case studies. For our analysis, we drew upon peer-reviewed academic articles, grey literature documents and 9 semi-structured interviews with procurement experts. RESULTS Buyers within a buyer's owned mechanisms differ in procurement systems, financing structures, product needs and regulatory and legal frameworks. Therefore, buyers within such mechanisms require relative alignment on motivations, goals and operations of the mechanism. Our study showed that buyers' relative homogeneity of characteristics and their perceived urgency of the problems was particularly relevant for achieving that alignment. Third-party organization mechanisms require less alignment and consensus-building between buyers. To participate, buyers need to align with the operations of the third-party organization, instead of other buyers. Elements that were essential for the successful implementation and operation of such mechanisms included the procurement secretariat's ability to create local and global awareness around the problem, to induce political will to act upon the problem, to mobilize sufficient funding and to attract qualified staff. CONCLUSION To successfully sustain pooled procurement mechanisms over time, key actors should drive the mechanism through continuous and reflexive work on stakeholder engagement, mobilization of funding and alignment of interests and needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Parmaksiz
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hester van de Bovenkamp
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Bal
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Tamrakar S, Kimmel JG, Chung-Davidson YW, Buchinger TJ, Scribner KT, Li W. Determination of thyroid hormones in lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) tissues at different developmental stages using a sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1226:123803. [PMID: 37356218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are known to play an important role in the growth and development of vertebrates. In fish species, TH regulates the larval-juvenile metamorphosis, and is crucial for development during early life stages. Monitoring the variations in TH levels at different life stages can provide insights into the regulation of metamorphosis and fish development. In this study, we developed an extremely sensitive method for the quantification of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and reverse-triiodothyronine (rT3), in lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) tissues from eggs, free embryos, larvae, and juveniles. The target compounds were extracted by an enzymatic digestion method, followed by protein precipitation. Further cleanup was performed by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE) using SampliQ OPT cartridges. The liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method used to quantify TH compounds showed remarkably high sensitivity with the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) ranging from < 1 pg/mL to 10 pg/mL and linearity in the range of 10-50,000 pg/mL. This method was validated for tissue samples across several early developmental stages and was checked for intra- and inter-day accuracy (78.3-111.2 %) and precision (0.1-4.9 %), matrix effect (75.4-134.1 %), and recovery (41.2-69.0 %). The method was successfully applied for the quantification and comparison of T4, T3 and rT3 in hatchery raised lake sturgeon samples collected at unique time points (i.e., days post fertilization dpf) including fertilized eggs (11 dpf), free embryos (14 dpf), larvae (22 dpf), juveniles (40 dpf) and older juveniles (74 dpf). With modifications, this method could be applied to other species important for agriculture or conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Tamrakar
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jacob G Kimmel
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Tyler J Buchinger
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kim T Scribner
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Parmaksiz K, Bal R, van de Bovenkamp H, Kok MO. From promise to practice: a guide to developing pooled procurement mechanisms for medicines and vaccines. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:73. [PMID: 37316927 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Buyers of medicines and vaccines are increasingly interested in pooling their procurement to improve access to affordable and quality-assured health commodities. However, the academic literature has provided no detailed description of how pooled procurement mechanisms are set up and develop over time. These insights are valuable as it increases our understanding of implementing and operating pooled procurement mechanisms successfully. Therefore, the aim of this paper is twofold. First, to explore how such mechanisms evolve over time. Second, to clarify the work that is needed to set up and sustain a pooled procurement mechanism. These findings have been translated into our Pooled Procurement Guidance document. METHODS This qualitative study draws upon theoretical insights from organizational life cycles, collaborative and network governance, semi-structured interviews with procurement experts and academic and grey literature documents on pooled procurement of medicines and vaccines. RESULTS We identified four general developmental stages of pooled procurement mechanisms: promise, creation, early operational and mature. The promise stage is characterized by initiating engagement between participating actors, while they try to convert their perceived problem(s) or opportunities into a shared vision. The creation stage is where the participating actors formalize and design the mechanism through consensus-building, articulation of a shared plan, and mobilize resources to put the shared plan into action. The early operational stage is where the shared plan is being executed. The newly established or appointed procurement organization is required to learn fast from experience while showing flexibility to the changing needs of buyers and suppliers. Once operations are routinized, the mechanism enters the mature stage. During this stage, the pooled procurement organization develops into a trusted player that provides sufficient incentives for all actors involved. Importantly, pooled procurement mechanisms can stagnate or turn inactive at any time during the developmental process when alignment between actors is threatened. CONCLUSIONS Pooled procurement mechanisms evolve over time. Setting up such mechanisms is a collaborative process that relies on intentional efforts by key actors involved. To increase the lifespan of pooled procurement mechanisms, key actors need to sustain a relative alignment of goals, needs, motivations and purpose of the mechanism throughout its entire life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Parmaksiz
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Roland Bal
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hester van de Bovenkamp
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Olivier Kok
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Health Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Sidorova TV, Kutyrev IA, Khabudaev KV, Sukhanova LV, Zheng Y, Dugarov ZN, Mazur OE. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of the larval and adult stages of Dibothriocephalus dendriticus (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea). Parasitol Res 2023; 122:145-156. [PMID: 36370234 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07708-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Tapeworms of the genus Dibothriocephalus are widely distributed throughout the world, some of which are agents of human diphyllobothriasis, one of the most important fish-borne zoonoses caused by a cestode parasite. Genomic and transcriptomic data can be used to develop future diagnostic tools and epidemiological studies. The present work focuses on a comparative analysis of the transcriptomes of adult and plerocercoid D. dendriticus and the identification of their differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Transcriptome assembly and analysis yielded and annotated 35,129 unigenes, noting that 16,568 (47%) unigenes were not annotated in known databases, which may indicate a unique set of expressed transcripts for D. dendriticus. A total of 8022 differentially expressed transcripts were identified, including 3225 upregulated and 4797 downregulated differentially expressed transcripts from the plerocercoid and adult animals. The analysis of DEGs has shown that among the most differentially expressed genes, there are important genes characteristic of each stage. Thus, several genes are characteristic of D. dendriticus plerocercoids, including fatty acid-binding protein and ferritin. Among the most highly expressed DEGs of the adult stage of D. dendriticus is the Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor, in two putative isoforms. The analyses of GO and KEGG metabolic pathways revealed that a large number of the DEGs of D. dendriticus are associated with the biosynthesis of various substances such as arginine and folate, as well as with various metabolic pathways such as galactose metabolism, selenocompound metabolism, and phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism. This will contribute to further research aimed at identifying targets for new generation drugs and the development of specific vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyana Valeryevna Sidorova
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 670047, Ulan-Ude, Russia.,Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Ivan Alexandrovich Kutyrev
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 670047, Ulan-Ude, Russia.
| | | | | | - Yadong Zheng
- Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhargal Nimaevich Dugarov
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 670047, Ulan-Ude, Russia
| | - Olga Evgenievna Mazur
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 670047, Ulan-Ude, Russia
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Sreekumar S, Divya K, Joy N, Soniya EV. De novo transcriptome profiling unveils the regulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in unripe Piper nigrum berries. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:501. [PMID: 36284267 PMCID: PMC9597958 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is rich in bioactive compounds that make it an imperative constituent in traditional medicines. Although the unripe fruits have long been used in different Ayurvedic formulations, the mechanism of gene regulation resulting in the production of the bioactive compounds in black pepper is not much investigated. Exploring the regulatory factors favouring the production of bioactive compounds ultimately help to accumulate the medicinally important content of black pepper. The factors that enhance the biosynthesis of these compounds could be potential candidates for metabolic engineering strategies to obtain a high level production of significant biomolecules. RESULTS Being a non-model plant, de novo sequencing technology was used to unravel comprehensive information about the genes and transcription factors that are expressed in mature unripe green berries of P. nigrum from which commercially available black pepper is prepared. In this study, the key gene regulations involved in the synthesis of bioactive principles in black pepper was brought out with a focus on the highly expressed phenylpropanoid pathway genes. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of critical genes and transcription factors in the different developmental stages from bud to the mature green berries provides important information useful for choosing the developmental stage that would be best for the production of a particular bioactive compound. Comparison with a previous study has also been included to understand the relative position of the results obtained from this study. CONCLUSIONS The current study uncovered significant information regarding the gene expression and regulation responsible for the bioactivity of black pepper. The key transcription factors and enzymes analyzed in this study are promising targets for achieving a high level production of significant biomolecules through metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweda Sreekumar
- Transdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Research Centre, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kattupalli Divya
- Transdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Research Centre, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Nisha Joy
- Transdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Centre for Gene Regulation & Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - E V Soniya
- Transdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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Kuan PL, You JY, Wu GC, Tseng YC. Temperature increases induce metabolic adjustments in the early developmental stages of bigfin reef squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana). Sci Total Environ 2022; 844:156962. [PMID: 35779738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate changes, such as extreme temperature shifts, can have a direct and significant impact on animals living in the ocean system. Ectothermic animals may undergo concerted metabolic shifts in response to ambient temperature changes. The physiological and molecular adaptations in cephalopods during their early life stages are largely unknown due to the challenge of rearing them outside of a natural marine environment. To overcome this obstacle, we established a pelagic bigfin reef squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) culture facility, which allowed us to monitor the effects of ambient thermal elevation and fluctuation on cephalopod embryos/larvae. By carefully observing embryonic development in the breeding facility, we defined 23 stages of bigfin reef squid embryonic development, beginning at stage 12 (blastocyst; 72 h post-egg laying) and continuing through hatching (~1 month post-egg laying). Since temperature recordings from the bigfin reef squid natural habitats have shown a steady rise over the past decade, we examined energy substrate utilization and cellular/metabolic responses in developing animals under different temperature conditions. As the ambient temperature increased by 7 °C, hatching larvae favored aerobic metabolism by about 2.3-fold. Short-term environmental warming stress inhibited oxygen consumption but did not affect ammonium excretion in stage (St.) 25 larvae. Meanwhile, an aerobic metabolism-related marker (CoxI) and a cellular stress-responsive marker (HSP70) were rapidly up-regulated upon acute warming treatments. In addition, our simulations of temperature oscillations mimicking natural daily rhythms did not result in significant changes in metabolic processes in St. 25 animals. As the ambient temperature increased by 7 °C, referred to as heatwave conditions, CoxI, HSP70, and antioxidant molecule (SOD) were stimulated, indicating the importance of cellular and metabolic adjustments. As with other aquatic species with high metabolic rates, squid larvae in the tropical/sub-tropical climate zone undergo adaptive metabolic shifts to maintain physiological functions and prevent excessive oxidative stress under environmental warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pou-Long Kuan
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Yao You
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Chung Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Che Tseng
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan.
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Mohapatra SK, Sura S, Seth JK. Overlapping and partitioning of niche among different life stages of the parasitic isopod Cymothoa indica in the host Glossoglobius guiris collected from the Chilika lagoon, India. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:3217-3222. [PMID: 36040632 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present paper reports the site of attachment preference, overlapping and partitioning of niche among different life stages of parasitic isopod Cymothoa indica Schiöedte and Meinert, 1884 in the Gobiidae fish Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton 1822) collected from the Chilika lagoon, India. Out of 2113 host fishes, 176 were found to be infected by the parasites. Out of the 233 different life stages of the parasites examined, 89 were female, 104 were male, and the rests were juveniles. 100% of the females, 84.6% of the male and 72.5% of the juveniles were found to be attached to the buccal cavity, while the rest of the males and juveniles were attached to the branchial cavity. In most cases, there was niche overlapping, leading to competition for the resources. Females preferred more specialized niches as compared to males and juveniles. In a few instances, there is niche partitioning, as shown by the male and juveniles. There is a negative correlation between the number of parasites found in the body of the fishes and the weight of the host fishes. This manuscript also provides a brief description of the different life stages of this parasite in the above-mentioned host collected from the same lagoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Mohapatra
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha, 760007, India.,Estuarine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Gopalpur-on-Sea, Ganjam, Odisha, 761002, India
| | - Sameer Sura
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha, 760007, India
| | - Jaya Kishor Seth
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha, 760007, India.
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Du Z, Lin W, Zhu J, Li J. Amino acids profiling and transcriptomic data integration demonstrates the dynamic regulation of amino acids synthesis in the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13689. [PMID: 35811808 PMCID: PMC9266588 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclocarya paliurus is a tree well known for its edible and medicinal leaves. Amino acids are essential nutritional components that are present in foods and closely related to the flavor and quality of tea. However, the abundance of amino acids and the regulation of amino acid biosynthesis in the leaves of C. paliurus have not been investigated across different developmental stages. Methods A combined metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis was employed to investigate the changes in the amino acid profile over several developmental stages (S1, the smallest fully expanded leaf; S3, full leaf enlargement and full leaf thickness; and S2, an intermediate developmental stage between S1 and S3) and the molecular mechanism was elucidated. Results The results showed that leaves at the S1 stage had the highest content, while those at the S3 stage had the lowest content of amino acids; fourteen differentially expressed genes were involved in the glycolysis pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the pentose phosphate pathway, which indicated that the reduced abundance of amino acids in the leaves of C. paliurus (mature leaves) may be attributable to reduced gene expression related to carbohydrate metabolism. Four basic leucine zipper transcription factors might play important roles in the regulation of the biosynthesis of amino acids in the leaves of C. paliurus. Conclusions Leaves at the S1 stage are recommended for high quality tea production because of their high content of amino acids, while leaves at the S2 stage are recommended for generous tea production because of their high levels of sweet flavor amino acids (alanine) and essential amino acids (methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, and tryptophan).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokui Du
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weida Lin
- Taizhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinxing Zhu
- Suichang County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Suichang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junmin Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zhang J, Ma H. Identification and expression analysis of the MADS-box genes of Kentucky bluegrass during inflorescence development. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2022; 28:1359-1374. [PMID: 36051235 PMCID: PMC9424482 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED MADS-box genes play vital roles in multiple biological processes of plants growth and development, especially inflorescence development. In the present study, a comprehensive investigation into the identification and classification of MADS-box genes in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) has not been reported. Here, based on the transcriptome of inflorescence, we identified 44 PpMADS-box genes, and gave an overview of the physicochemical properties, phylogeny, protein structures, and potential functions of the proteins encoded by these genes through various bioinformatics software for the first time. Analysis of physicochemical properties revealed that most PpMADS-box were alkaline proteins and possessed similar conserved motifs. Additionally, it was demonstrated that 33 PpMADS-box proteins without signal peptide, leading peptide, transmembrane structure and located in the nucleus were not transported or secreted, so directly played transcriptional regulatory roles in the nucleus. Then, peptide sequences BLAST search and analysis of phylogenetic relationships with MADS-box proteins of P. pratensis, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Oryza sativa were performed. It was found that 44 PpMADS-box proteins were separated into 33 MIKC-type (3 BS, 1 AGL17, 8 AP3/P2, 3 AP1, 5 SEP, 6 SOC and 7 AG genes, respectvely) and 11 type I-type, which include 7 Mγ and 4 Mα. Furthermore, the relative expression levels of the selected 12 genes (MADS3, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 24, 27, 30, 36, 38 and 40) at the booting stage, pre-anthesis, anthesis, post-anthesis, and seed filling stage of inflorescences, as well as leaves and roots of the corresponding stages of inflorescences were analyzed, showing that most PpMADS-box genes were highly expressed mainly in young leaves and later inflorescences, and had complex patters in roots. Morever, except for PpMADS30 being highly expressed in the leaves, others were significantly highly expressed in inflorescence and/ or roots, demonstrating PpMADS-box genes also regulate leaves and roots development in plant. This study provides valuable insights into the MADS-box family genes in Kentucky bluegrass and its potential functional characteristics, expression pattern, and evolution in floral organogenesis and even reproduction development. @media print { .ms-editor-squiggler { display:none !important; } } .ms-editor-squiggler { all: initial; display: block !important; height: 0px !important; width: 0px !important; }. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01216-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqing Zhang
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U.S. Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Huiling Ma
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U.S. Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
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Ma X, Zhang X, Qiao Y, Zhong S, Xing Y, Chen X. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of embryos and first instar larvae of the horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus uncovers development gene networks. Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics 2022; 42:100980. [PMID: 35303535 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Horseshoe crabs are marine chelicerates that have existed on Earth for about 450 million years, and they are often used as an experimental model for studying marine invertebrate embryology. In this study, we performed transcriptome gene expression profiling of four continuous embryonic stages (Stages 18-21) and first instar larvae of Tachypleus tridentatus. A mean of 50,742,995 high-quality clean reads was obtained from each library. We then conducted weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) for 13,698 genes with fragments per kilobase of exon per million mapped fragments values >5. We identified 17 modules, six of which likely play critical roles in development. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes was performed on the biologically significant modules. We found that several pathways, such as hedgehog signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, dorso-ventral axis formation, may be involved in the embryonic development process of T. tridentatus. We also identified hub genes that were highly connected in the six critical modules. This is the first study to apply WGCNA to horseshoe crabs to identify hub genes that may play critical roles in development, and our results provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying early development in horseshoe crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzhi Zhang
- Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning 530000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengping Zhong
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongze Xing
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, People's Republic of China
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Tang R, Liu F, Lan Y, Wang J, Wang L, Li J, Liu X, Fan Z, Guo T, Yue B. Transcriptomics and metagenomics of common cutworm (Spodoptera litura) and fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) demonstrate differences in detoxification and development. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:388. [PMID: 35596140 PMCID: PMC9123734 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spodoptera litura is an important polyphagous pest that causes significant damage to the agricultural sector. We performed RNA-seq of 15 S. litura individuals from larval (fifth and sixth instar larvae), chrysalis, and adult developmental stages. We also compared the S. litura transcriptome data with Spodoptera frugiperda across the same developmental stages, which was sequenced in our previous study. RESULTS A total of 101,885 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were identified in S. litura. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated that S. litura may undergo active xenobiotic and detoxifying metabolism during its larval and adult stages, which may explain difficulties with current population control measures. We also found that DETs of single-copy orthologous genes between S. litura and S. frugiperda were involved in basic metabolism and development. However, energy and metabolic processes genes had a higher expression in S. litura, whereas nervous and olfactory function genes had a higher expression in S. frugiperda. Metagenomics analysis in larval S. litura and S. frugiperda revealed that microbiota participate in the detoxification and metabolism processes, but the relative abundance of detoxification-related microbiota was more abundant in S. frugiperda. Transcriptome results also confirmed the detoxification-related pathway of S. frugiperda was more abundant than in S. litura. CONCLUSIONS Significant changes at transcriptional level were identified during the different development stages of S. litura. Importantly, we also identified detoxification associated genes and gut microbiota between S. litura and S. frugiperda at different developmental stages, which will be valuable in revealing possible mechanisms of detoxification and development in these two lepidopterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Lan
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology On Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
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Suranjika S, Pradhan S, Nayak SS, Parida A. De novo transcriptome assembly and analysis of gene expression in different tissues of moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia) (Jacq.) Marechal. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:198. [PMID: 35428206 PMCID: PMC9013028 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03583-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underutilized species Vigna aconitifolia (Moth Bean) is an important legume crop cultivated in semi-arid conditions and is valued for its seeds for their high protein content. It is also a popular green manure cover crop that offers many agronomic benefits including nitrogen fixation and soil nutrients. Despite its economic potential, genomic resources for this crop are scarce and there is limited knowledge on the developmental process of this plant at a molecular level. In the present communication, we have studied the molecular mechanisms that regulate plant development in V. aconitifolia, with a special focus on flower and seed development. We believe that this study will greatly enrich the genomic resources for this plant in form of differentially expressed genes, transcription factors, and genic molecular markers. RESULTS We have performed the de novo transcriptome assembly using six types of tissues from various developmental stages of Vigna aconitifolia (var. RMO-435), namely, leaves, roots, flowers, pods, and seed tissue in the early and late stages of development, using the Illumina NextSeq platform. We assembled the transcriptome to get 150938 unigenes with an average length of 937.78 bp. About 79.9% of these unigenes were annotated in public databases and 12839 of those unigenes showed a significant match in the KEGG database. Most of the unigenes displayed significant differential expression in the late stages of seed development as compared with leaves. We annotated 74082 unigenes as transcription factors and identified 12096 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in the genic regions of V.aconitifolia. Digital expression analysis revealed specific gene activities in different tissues which were validated using Real-time PCR analysis. CONCLUSIONS The Vigna aconitifolia transcriptomic resources generated in this study provide foundational resources for gene discovery with respect to various developmental stages. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis revealing the genes involved in molecular as well as metabolic pathways that regulate seed development and may be responsible for the unique nutritive values of moth bean seeds. Hence, this study would serve as a foundation for characterization of candidate genes which would not only provide novel insights into understanding seed development but also provide resources for improved moth bean and related species genetic enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Suranjika
- Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), An autonomous Institute under Department of Biotechnology Government of India, NALCO Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), KIIT Road, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Seema Pradhan
- Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), An autonomous Institute under Department of Biotechnology Government of India, NALCO Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Soumya Shree Nayak
- Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), An autonomous Institute under Department of Biotechnology Government of India, NALCO Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), KIIT Road, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Ajay Parida
- Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), An autonomous Institute under Department of Biotechnology Government of India, NALCO Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
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22
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Liang C, Sheng X, Tang X, Xing J, Chi H, Zhan W. Structural characteristics and mucosal immune response of the interbranchial lymphoid tissue in the gills of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 123:388-398. [PMID: 35334297 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A specialized lymphoepithelial tissue termed the interbranchial lymphoid tissue (ILT) is recently identified in several fish species. However, the structural variation and mucosal immune functions of the ILT remain largely unknown. In this study, the anti-Zap-70 MAb was firstly determined to specifically recognize ZAP-70 protein, and CD4-1+, CD4-2+ and CD8β+ T-cells, but not IgM+ B cells, in peripheral blood leucocytes of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Then we found that aggregates of Zap-70+ cells were located in the epithelium covering the bottom of the interbranchial cleft and along the afferent and efferent edges of the filaments in a cross view, where a meshwork of epithelial cells containing diffused lymphoid cells was exhibited, confirming these structures as the ILT; In a sagittal view, Zap-70+ cells were situated at the base of the filaments (here named as proximal ILT, pILT) and in the interlamellar epithelium (named as distal ILT, dILT). Also, a few IgM+ B cells were distributed at these sites. The lymphoepithelium within pILT and dILT was very thin with a low number of Zap-70+ cells in premetamorphosis and postclimax larvae of flounder, and got thicker containing much more Zap-70+ cells in juvenile and adult individuals. The aggregates of CD4-1+/Zap-70+, CD4-2+/Zap-70+, and CD8β+/Zap-70+ T-cell subsets were identified in the ILT. Post bath vaccination with inactivated Edwardsiella tarda and then intraperitoneal injection of EdU, the amounts of EdU+ and Zap-70+ cells obviously increased at 3 d and 7 d, and co-localization of EdU+/Zap-70+ cells identified the presence of proliferative T cells; meanwhile, MHC class II-expressing cells were increased. These findings indicated that the ILT in gills of flounder was an important site for the induction of local T cell-mediated immunity, which would lead to a better understanding of mucosal immunity and defense mechanisms of teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Liang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
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23
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Li X, Zhang F, Coates B, Wei C, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Zhou X. Temporal analysis of microRNAs associated with wing development in the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.) (Homoptera: Aphidiae). Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 142:103579. [PMID: 33894361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying wing evolution and development have been a point of scientific inquiry for decades. Phloem-feeding aphids are one of the most devastating global insect pests, where dispersal of winged morphs lead to annual movements, migrations, and range expansions. Aphids show a polyphenic wing dimorphism trait, and offer a model to study the role of environment in determining morphological plasticity of a single genotype. Despite recent progresses in the genetic understanding of wing polyphenism, the influence of environmental cues remains unclear. To investigate the involvement of miRNAs in wing development, we sequenced small RNA libraries of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.) across six different developmental stages. As a result, we identified 113 conserved and 193 S. avenae-specific miRNAs. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analyses of putative target mRNAs for the six differentially expressed miRNAs are enriched for wing development processes. Dietary uptake of miR-263a, miR-316, and miR-184a agomirs and antagomirs led to significantly higher mortality (>70%) and a lower proportion of winged morphs (<5%). On the other hand, wing malformation was observed in miR-2 and miR-306 agomirs and miR-2 and miR-14 antagomirs, respectively, suggesting their involvement in S. avenae wing morphogenesis. These combined results not only shed light on the regulatory role of miRNAs in wing dimorphism, but also provide potential novel targets for the long-term sustainable management of S. avenae, a devastating global grain pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fangmei Zhang
- Henan Provincial South Henan Crop Pest Green Prevention and Control Academician Workstation, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, 46400, China
| | - Brad Coates
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Changping Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0091, USA.
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24
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Xu M, Legradi J, Leonards P. Using comprehensive lipid profiling to study effects of PFHxS during different stages of early zebrafish development. Sci Total Environ 2022; 808:151739. [PMID: 34848268 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PFHxS (Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid) is one of the short-chain perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) which are widely used in many industrial and consumer applications. However, limited information is available on the molecular mechanism of PFHxS toxicity (e.g. lipid metabolism). This study provides in-depth information on the lipid regulation of zebrafish embryos with and without PFHxS exposure. Lipid changes throughout zebrafish development (4 to 120 h post fertilization (hpf)) were closely associated with lipid species and lipid composition (fatty acyl chains). A comprehensive lipid analysis of four different PFHxS exposures (0, 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 μM) at different zebrafish developmental stages (24, 48, 72, and 120 hpf) was performed. Data on exposure concentration, lipids, and developmental stage showed that all PFHxS concentrations dysregulated the lipid metabolism and these were developmental-dependent. The pattern of significantly changed lipids revealed that PFHxS caused effects related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and impaired fatty acid β-oxidation. Oxidative stress and inflammation caused the remodeling of glycerophospholipid (phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)), with increased incorporation of omega-3 PUFA and a decreased incorporation of omega-6 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Xu
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jessica Legradi
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pim Leonards
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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25
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Pradeepkumara N, Sharma PK, Munshi AD, Behera TK, Bhatia R, Kumari K, Singh J, Jaiswal S, Iquebal MA, Arora A, Rai A, Kumar D, Bhattacharya RC, Dey SS. Fruit transcriptional profiling of the contrasting genotypes for shelf life reveals the key candidate genes and molecular pathways regulating post-harvest biology in cucumber. Genomics 2022; 114:110273. [PMID: 35092817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber fruits are perishable in nature and become unfit for market within 2-3 days of harvesting. A natural variant, DC-48 with exceptionally high shelf life was developed and used to dissect the genetic architecture and molecular mechanism for extended shelf life through RNA-seq for first time. A total of 1364 DEGs were identified and cell wall degradation, chlorophyll and ethylene metabolism related genes played key role. Polygalacturunase (PG), Expansin (EXP) and xyloglucan were down regulated determining fruit firmness and retention of fresh green colour was mainly attributed to the low expression level of the chlorophyll catalytic enzymes (CCEs). Gene regulatory networks revealed the hub genes and cross-talk associated with wide variety of the biological processes. Large number of SSRs (21524), SNPs (545173) and InDels (126252) identified will be instrumental in cucumber improvement. A web genomic resource, CsExSLDb developed will provide a platform for future investigation on cucumber post-harvest biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pradeepkumara
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Parva Kumar Sharma
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - A D Munshi
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - T K Behera
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Reeta Bhatia
- Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Khushboo Kumari
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jogendra Singh
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarika Jaiswal
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mir Asif Iquebal
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Arora
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Rai
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - R C Bhattacharya
- ICAR-National Institute of Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - S S Dey
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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Jaafari Suha A, Hosseinmardi N, Janahmadi M. Spatial working memory is disparately interrelated with social status through different developmental stages in rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 416:113547. [PMID: 34437940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Social life necessitates cognitive competence to meet the dynamic demands of social development. The formation of dominance hierarchy is a general phenomenon in social groups. As an essential element of executive and cognitive function, working memory could influence and be influenced by social status in a dominance hierarchy. However, the direction and degree of the association between them through different developmental stages remain unclear. To address this issue and clarify the "cause or consequence" problem, we investigated the spatial working memory performance in a Y-maze and Morris water maze in home-caged sibling Wistar rats (N = 26 cages, three rats/cage) through three stages of their life: before (week 7), during (week 10), and after (week 20) assumed timings of the social dominance hierarchy formation (SDHF). We used the social dominance tube test during the assumed time of hierarchy formation (weeks 9-11) to measure the relative dominance status in each cage. Here, we found that higher working memory index before SDHF could be predictive of later acquisition of higher social status. Working memory performance declined for all animals during SDHF, in which agonistic conflicts are increased. However, living within an established hierarchical social network for several weeks deteriorated the working memory performance of dominant and middle-ranked animals, while the performance of subordinates improved and got significantly better than higher-ranked animals. In conclusion, while working memory and social status were correlated positively before dominance hierarchy formation, there was a trade-off between them after the formation of it. In contrast to the common view, these results highlight the adverse effect of higher social status on cognitive behavior.
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Kent RD. The maturational gradient of infant vocalizations: Developmental stages and functional modules. Infant Behav Dev 2021; 66:101682. [PMID: 34920296 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Stage models have been influential in characterizing infant vocalizations in the first year of life. These models are basically descriptive and do not explain why certain types of vocal behaviors occur within a particular stage or why successive patterns of vocalization occur. This review paper summarizes and elaborates a theory of Developmental Functional Modules (DFMs) and discusses how maturational gradients in the DFMs explain age typical vocalizations as well as the transitions between successive stages or other static forms. Maturational gradients are based on biological processes that effect the reconfiguration and remodeling of the respiratory, laryngeal, and craniofacial systems during infancy. From a dynamic systems perspective, DFMs are part of a complex system with multiple degrees of freedom that can achieve stable performance with relatively few control variables by relying on principles such as synergies, self-organization, nonlinear performance, and movement variability.
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28
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Liu ZH, Yang ZW, Zhang J, Luo JY, Men Y, Wang YH, Xie Q. Stage correlation of symbiotic bacterial community and function in the development of litchi bugs (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae). Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 115:125-139. [PMID: 34843017 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial symbionts of insects have been shown to play important roles in host fitness. However, little is known about the bacterial community of Tessaratoma papillosa which is one of the most destructive pests of the well-known fruits Litchi chinensis Sonn and Dimocarpus longan Lour in Oriental Region, especially in South-east Asia and adjacent areas. In this study, we surveyed the bacterial community diversity and dynamics of T. papillosa in all developmental stages with both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods by the third-generation sequencing technology. Five bacterial phyla were identified in seven developmental stages of T. papillosa. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum and Pantoea was the dominant genus of T. papillosa. The results of alpha and beta diversity analyses showed that egg stage had the most complex bacterial community. Some of different developmental stages showed similarities, which were clustered into three phases: (1) egg stage, (2) early nymph stages (instars 1-3), and (3) late nymph stages (instars 4-5) and adult stage. Functional prediction indicated that the bacterial community played different roles in these three phases. Furthermore, 109 different bacterial strains were isolated and identified from various developmental stages. This study revealed the relationship between the symbiotic bacteria and the development of T. papillosa, and may thus contribute to the biological control techniques of T. papillosa in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi-Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiu-Yang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Men
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China.
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29
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Nuwagira C, Peter EL, Ajayi CO, Adriko J, Kagoro GR, Olet EA, Ogwang PE, Tolo CU. Developmental stages influence in vivo antimalarial activity of aerial part extracts of Schkuhria pinnata. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 279:114341. [PMID: 34144195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Malaria remains a dire health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In Uganda, it is the most ordinary condition in hospital admission and outpatient care. The country's meager health services compel malaria patients to use herbal remedies such as Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.) Kuntze ex Thell (Asteraceae). Although in vivo studies tested the antimalarial activity of S. pinnata extracts, plant developmental stages and their effect at different doses remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to determine the effect of the plant developmental stage on the antimalarial activity of S. pinnata in mice and to document the acute oral toxicity profile. METHODS Seeds of S. pinnata were grown, and aerial parts of each developmental stage were harvested. Extraction was done by maceration in 70% methanol. The antimalarial activity was evaluated using chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei on swiss albino mice, in a chemosuppressive test, at 150, 350, and 700 mg/kg, p.o. Standard drugs used were artemether-lumefantrine (0.57 + 3.43) mg/kg and chloroquine (10 mg/kg) as positive controls. Distilled water at 1 mL/100g was used as a negative control. The Lorke method was adopted to determine the acute toxicity of extracts. RESULTS The flowering stage extract had a maximum suppression of parasitemia at 700 mg/kg (68.83 ± 4.49%). Extract at other developmental stages also significantly suppressed the parasitemia (in the ascending order) fruiting (50.71 ± 1.87%), budding (54.92 ± 7.56%), vegetative (55.39 ± 2.01%) compared to the negative control (24.7 ± 2.7%), p < 0.05. Extracts from all developmental stages increased survival time, with the flowering stage having the highest survival time at 20.33 ± 0.88 days. All extracts had an LD50 of 2157 mg/kg, implying that extracts are safe at lower doses. CONCLUSION Together, our findings revealed that the S. pinnata extracts at the flowering stage had superior antimalarial activity compared to other plant developmental stages. Extracts from all developmental stages have demonstrated a dose-dependent suppression of malarial parasites and increased survival time with an LD50 of 2157 mg/kg. Thus, for better antimalarial activity, local communities could consider harvesting S. pinnata at the flowering stage. Further studies are needed to isolate pure compounds from S. pinnata and determine their antimalarial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Nuwagira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
| | - Emanuel L Peter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Department of Innovation, Technology Transfer and Commercialization, National Institute for Medical Research, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Clement Olusoji Ajayi
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
| | - John Adriko
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Laboratories, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Grace-Rugunda Kagoro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
| | - Eunice Apio Olet
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
| | - Patrick Engeu Ogwang
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
| | - Casim Umba Tolo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
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Heidmann I, Di Berardino M. Applications of Impedance Flow Cytometry in Doubled Haploid Technology. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2289:47-67. [PMID: 34270062 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1331-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Efficient doubled haploid (DH) plant production is of great interest in the plant breeding industry and research because homozygous lines are obtained within a single generation shortening the breeding cycle substantially. DH protocol development can be a time- and resource-consuming process due to numerous factors affecting its success and efficiency. Here we present concepts and examples about how critical success factors can be identified throughout a DH protocol and an early microspore response monitored by simple impedance flow cytometry (IFC) measurements, which will help to optimize each step of an androgenesis-based DH protocol.
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31
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Ntalli N, Skourti A, Nika EP, Boukouvala MC, Kavallieratos NG. Five natural compounds of botanical origin as wheat protectants against adults and larvae of Tenebrio molitor L. and Trogoderma granarium Everts. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:42763-42775. [PMID: 33825104 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The botanical substances constitute valuable alternatives to synthetic insecticides. In the last decades, numerous substances of natural origin have been tested against stored-product insects, mostly as fumigants or for contact toxicity, while there is limited knowledge on the efficacy of plant secondary metabolites if used as grain protectants. In the present study, we evaluated the lethal activity of 2-undecanone, acetic acid, trans-anethole, furfural, (E)-2-decenal and (E, E)-2,4-decadienal as wheat protectants for the management of larvae and adults of two important storage pests, Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). 2-undecanone caused 98.9% mortality to the exposed T. molitor adults at 1000 μl/kg wheat 7 days post-exposure, while acetic acid and furfural followed providing 94.4% and 92.2% mortality respectively. 2-Undecanone and (E)-2-decenal caused the highest mortalities to T. molitor larvae (i.e., 87.8% and 80.0% respectively) exposed to 1000 μl/kg wheat for 7 days. All T. granarium adults were dead at 1000 μl (E)-2-decenal or acetic acid/kg wheat 5 or 7 days post-exposure respectively. Complete (100%) mortality was assessed for larvae exposed to (E, E)-2,4-decadienal and (E)-2-decenal at 1000 μl/kg wheat after 4 and 6 days respectively. Our findings report for the first time that 2-undecanone, (E)-2-decenal, and (E, E)-2,4-decadienal are effective new candidate control agents of different developmental stages of T. molitor and T. granarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Ntalli
- Laboratory of Efficacy Assessment of Pesticides, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides' Assessment and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta str., 14561, Attica, Kifissia, Greece.
| | - Anna Skourti
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str, 11855, Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Erifili P Nika
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str, 11855, Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria C Boukouvala
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str, 11855, Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Nickolas G Kavallieratos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str, 11855, Attica, Athens, Greece.
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Urbanowski CK, Horodecki P, Kamczyc J, Skorupski M, Jagodziński AM. Predatory mite instars (Acari, Mesostigmata) and decomposing tree leaves in mixed and monoculture stands growing on a spoil heap and surrounding forests. Exp Appl Acarol 2021; 84:703-731. [PMID: 34312762 PMCID: PMC8367920 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-021-00646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the past, ecological research mainly omitted the sexual and developmental variability of mite communities, and therefore could not fully reflect the actual state and function of mite communities in the ecosystems studied. The aim here was to analyze how habitat conditions (mixed vs. monoculture stands) and single-species litter of 14 tree species (in mixed stands) affect the sex and developmental stages of Mesostigmata mites living on the decomposing litter. The research was conducted in 2011-2016, at the Bełchatów Lignite Mine external spoil heap (Central Poland) in mixed stands growing on the spoil heap, as well as in pine and birch monoculture stands growing on the spoil heap and an adjacent forest area. We found significant influences of habitat on females, males and juveniles. Additionally, we found that soil mean temperature had a significant effect on males and juveniles, but not on females. Moreover, despite the insignificant influence of litter species on mite communities, we found that percentage litter mass loss significantly affected female and juvenile mites. Taking into account habitat type, the percentage litter mass loss significantly affected female and male mites, but not juveniles. The mite abundance calculated per dry litter mass usually gradually increased during decomposition. Interestingly, the highest mean female, male and juvenile abundances were recorded in birch stands growing on the adjacent forest area; however, juvenile mites were also very numerous in mixed stands on spoil heap. Therefore, our results confirm that mixed stands on post-mining areas are a potentially better habitat for development of mesostigmatid communities compared to monocultures, among others by relatively higher humidity and lower temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary K Urbanowski
- Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Paweł Horodecki
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Jacek Kamczyc
- Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Skorupski
- Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej M Jagodziński
- Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
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33
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Liu J, Bai X, Yin Y, Wang W, Li Z, Ma P. Spatial patterns and associations of tree species at different developmental stages in a montane secondary temperate forest of northeastern China. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11517. [PMID: 34141481 PMCID: PMC8180193 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Secondary forests have become the major forest type worldwide. Research on spatial patterns and associations of tree species at different developmental stages may be informative in understanding the structure and dynamic processes of secondary forests. Methods In this study, we used point pattern analysis to analyze the spatial patterns and associations of tree species at seedling, sapling and adult stages in a 4ha plot in the montane secondary temperate forest of northeastern China. Results We found that species showed similar patterns at seedling, sapling and adult stages, and aggregation was the dominant pattern. The spatial patterns of tree species were mainly affected by habitat heterogeneity. In addition, the strength of positive or negative associated pattern among tree species would decrease with developmental stages, which attributed to neighborhood competition and plant size increasing. Conclusions Our results indicated that the spatial patterns and associations of tree species at seedling and sapling stages partly reflected that at adult stage; habitat heterogeneity and neighborhood competition jointly contributed to species coexistence in this secondary forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuejiao Bai
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China.,Research Station of Liaohe-River Plain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Forest Ecosystem Research Network (CFERN), Shenyang Agricultural University, Tieling, China.,Qingyuan Forest CERN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - You Yin
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China.,Research Station of Liaohe-River Plain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Forest Ecosystem Research Network (CFERN), Shenyang Agricultural University, Tieling, China.,Qingyuan Forest CERN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pengyu Ma
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
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Yong CE, Kim YB, Lyu J. Body mass index, subjective body shape, and suicidal ideation among community-dwelling Korean adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 79:96. [PMID: 34103086 PMCID: PMC8186091 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have not investigated in depth the combination of objective body weight and subjective body shape and its association with suicidal ideation among different age groups. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the abovementioned association among Korean adults, stratified by developmental stages. Methods We used nationally representative data from the 2017 Korean Community Health Survey, and included 222,037 participants aged 19 years or older in our study. Suicidal ideation was considered as the dependent variable (1 = yes, 0 = no). Along with body mass index (BMI) and subjective body shape measures, seven categories were created (1 = underweight-skinny, 2 = underweight-normal/fat, 3 = healthy weight-skinny, 4 = healthy weight-normal, 5 = healthy weight-fat, 6 = overweight-skinny/normal, 7 = overweight-fat). Multivariate logistic regression was conducted for each age group. Results Adjusted for covariates, young adults who were overweight-fat (OR = 1.18, p < .01), middle-aged adults who were underweight-skinny (OR = 1.32, p < .05), and older adults who were healthy weight-fat (OR = 1.19, p < .05) were more likely to have suicidal ideation than their healthy weight-normal counterparts. Conclusions The results suggest that the association between the combination of objective body weight and subjective body shape and suicidal ideation differs according to the developmental stage. Therefore, this difference should be considered when developing suicide prevention interventions based on the developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Eun Yong
- Interdisciplinary Program of Studies of Life Education, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Young Bum Kim
- Institute of Aging, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lyu
- Institute of Aging, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
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Bae SH, Park J, Park SJ, Han J, Oh JH. Transcriptome data for tissue-specific genes in four reproductive organs at three developmental stages of micro-tom tomato. Data Brief 2021; 34:106715. [PMID: 33506081 PMCID: PMC7815475 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato belongs to the Solanaceae family of plants. It is a diploid plant with 12 chromosomes. Previous studies have reported that its genome size is 950 MB with 35,000 protein-coding genes. Micro-Tom Tomato is a miniature dwarf determinate tomato cultivar. It has a small-sized genome, a short lifecycle, and a short seed-setting under fluorescent light. These features are similar to those of Arabidopsis. Consequently, Micro-Tom Tomato is considered as a model cultivar of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) suitable for research. We sequenced its transcriptomes to identify tissue-specific gene candidate profiles in different plant tissues (petals, sepals, pistils, and stamens) at developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Hwa Bae
- Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Jihee Park
- Upland Crop Breeding Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, 20, Miryang-si, Gyeongnam 50424, Korea
| | - Soon Ju Park
- Division of Biological Sciences and Research Institute for Basic Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungheon Han
- Gene Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, 370, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeon Oh
- Gene Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, 370, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54874, Republic of Korea
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Kafel A, Babczyńska A, Zawisza-Raszka A, Tarnawska M, Płachetka-Bożek A, Augustyniak M. Energy reserves, oxidative stress and development traits of Spodoptera exigua Hübner individuals from cadmium strain. Environ Pollut 2021; 268:115366. [PMID: 33035914 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium as a common environmental stressor may exert highly toxic effects on herbivorous insects. The question was whether possible elevation of an oxidative stress and imbalance of energetic reserves in insects may depend on developmental stage, sex and insect population's multigenerational history of exposure to cadmium. So, the aim of this study was to compare of the development traits, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, RSSR to RSH ratio and the concentration of carbohydrates, glycogen, lipids and proteins in whole individuals (larvae or pupae) of Spodoptera exigua originating from two strains: control and selected over 120 generations with sublethal metal concentration (44 Cd mg per dry weight of diet). Generally, the increase of the protein, carbohydrates, glycogen concentration and lipid peroxidation decrease with age of the larvae were found. Revealed cases of a higher mobilisation of carbohydrates and proteins, and changes in total antioxidant capacity or lipid peroxidation, in individuals being under metal exposure, occurred in strain-depended mode. Short-term Cd exposure effect was connected with possible higher engagement of proteins and glycogen in detoxification processes, but also higher concentration of lipid peroxidation. In turn, for long-term Cd exposure effect lower lipids concentration and higher thiols usage seemed to be more specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kafel
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Babczyńska
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zawisza-Raszka
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007, Katowice, Poland; Municipal Botanical Garden in Zabrze, Piłsudskiego 60, PL 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Monika Tarnawska
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Płachetka-Bożek
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Maria Augustyniak
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007, Katowice, Poland
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Kumar A, Pareek V, Faiq MA, Kumar P, Kumari C, Singh HN, Ghosh SK. Transcriptomic analysis of the signature of neurogenesis in human hippocampus suggests restricted progenitor cell progression post-childhood. IBRO Rep 2020; 9:224-232. [PMID: 32995658 PMCID: PMC7502792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
NESTIN, SOX1, and SOX4 decreased progressively from prenatal to adult age. KI67 and TBR2 reached zero expression level at adolescence. NEUROD1, DCX, PSA NCAM remained unchanged post-childhood. VEGF and FGF2 did not change significantly from prenatal to adult age. BAX and TP53 decreased progressively from prenatal to adult age.
Purpose Immunohistological investigations have given rise to divergent perspectives about adult hippocampal neurogenesis in humans. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of signature markers of neurogenesis, supplemented with markers of gliogenesis, vasculogenesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, may help discern essential aspects of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in humans. Materials and Methods RNA expression data for salient marker genes of neurogenesis, gliogenesis, vasculogenesis, and apoptosis in post-mortem human hippocampal tissue [from prenatal (n = 15), child (n = 5), adolescent (n = 4), and adult (n = 6) brains] were downloaded from the Allen Human Brain Atlas database (http://www.brainspan.org/rnaseq/search/index.html). Gene expression data was categorized, median values were computed, and age group-specific differential expression was subjected to statistical analysis (significance level, α = 0.01). Results With the exception of the genes encoding GFAP, BLBP, SOX2, and PSA-NCAM (unchanged), and the post-mitotic late maturation markers CALB1, CALB2, MAP2, and NEUN as well as the pan-neuronal marker PROX1 which were persistently expressed throughout, expression of all other genes associated with neurogenesis was steeply and progressively downregulated between perinatal life and adulthood. Interestingly, expression of the classical proliferation marker KI67 and a progenitor cell marker TBR2 were found to have reached baseline expression levels (zero expression score) at adolescence while the expression of immature neuronal, post-mitotic early and late maturation markers remained at a constant level after childhood. In contrast, markers of gliogenesis (other than PDGFRA and Vimentin) were significantly upregulated between prenatal life and childhood. Expression of the vasculogenesis markers VEGFA and FGF2 did not differ across any of the age groups studied, whereas the expression of apoptotic markers was progressively decreased after prenatal life. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the progression of neurogenesis from progenitor cells is highly restricted in the human brain from childhood onwards. An alternative possibility that limited neurogenesis may be continued in adolescents and adults from a developmentally arrested pool of immature neurons needs to be examined further through experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, India.,Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Pareek
- Computational Neuroscience and Neuroimaging Division, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Manesar, Haryana, India.,Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
| | - Muneeb A Faiq
- Neuroimaging and Visual Science Laboratory, New York University (NYU) Langone Medical Centre, NYU Robert Grossman School of Medicine, NY, USA.,Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
| | - Pavan Kumar
- Developmental Neurogenetics Lab, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
| | - Chiman Kumari
- Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.,Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
| | - Himanshu N Singh
- Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.,TAGC - Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Aix Marseille University, Inserm U1090, MARSEILLE Cedex 09, France
| | - Sanjib K Ghosh
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, India.,Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
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Xing S, Tafforeau P, O'Hara MC, Modesto-Mata M, Martín-Francés L, Martinón-Torres M, Schepartz LA, Bermúdez de Castro JM, Guatelli-Steinberg D. A broader perspective on estimating dental age for the Xujiayao juvenile, a late Middle Pleistocene archaic hominin from East Asia. J Hum Evol 2020; 148:102850. [PMID: 32718693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Xing
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044, China; Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre La Evolución Humana, Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca S/n, 09002, Burgos, Spain.
| | - Paul Tafforeau
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS-40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Mackie C O'Hara
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Mario Modesto-Mata
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre La Evolución Humana, Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca S/n, 09002, Burgos, Spain; Equipo Primeros Pobladores de Extremadura, Casa de La Cultura Rodríguez Moñino, Av. Cervantes S/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain; Anthropology Department, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, WC1H 0BW, UK
| | - Laura Martín-Francés
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre La Evolución Humana, Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca S/n, 09002, Burgos, Spain; UMR5189 PACEA Université de Bordeaux CNRS MCC, France
| | - María Martinón-Torres
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre La Evolución Humana, Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca S/n, 09002, Burgos, Spain; Anthropology Department, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, WC1H 0BW, UK
| | - Lynne A Schepartz
- HVIRU, School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - José María Bermúdez de Castro
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre La Evolución Humana, Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca S/n, 09002, Burgos, Spain; Anthropology Department, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, WC1H 0BW, UK
| | - Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Department of Anthropology/Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; School of Anthropology and Conservation, The University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, UK
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Stojanović DZ, Vujić VD, Lučić LR, Tomić VT, Makarov SE, Mitić BM. Life after the mother's hug: Late post-embryonic development of Cryptops parisi (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae). Arthropod Struct Dev 2020; 57:100948. [PMID: 32416473 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2020.100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe in detail the late post-embryonic development of the common European scolopendromorph centipede Cryptops parisi. Canonical variate analyses of two groups of external morphological characters, viz., cephalic capsule characters (head length, length of the anterior and posterior paramedian cephalic sutures) and coxopleuron surface characters (number of pores in the coxal pore-field, number of setae on the posterior coxopleuron edge, their number on the coxal pore-field, and their number posterior to the coxal pore-field) were conducted on a large sample of specimens collected from two localities in Serbia. Ten free-living stages are recognized: three pre-adult stages (adolescens I, II, and III) and seven adult stages (one maturus junior stage, four maturus, and two maturus senior stages). The fourth late post-embryonic stage is the first mature stage in both sexes. Sexual dimorphism in the aforementioned characters was not observed. Morphological variation of coxopleuron characters was more informative for the discrimination of developmental stages in Cryptops than the morphological variation of cephalic capsule characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Z Stojanović
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vukica D Vujić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Luka R Lučić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vladimir T Tomić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Slobodan E Makarov
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Bojan M Mitić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Liang J, Li W, Jia X, Zhang Y, Zhao J. Transcriptome sequencing and characterization of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus root reveals key genes involved in flavonoids biosynthesis. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:901-914. [PMID: 32519170 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao is a traditional medicinal herb of Leguminosae since it contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, which have significant pharmacological effects on immunity and antioxidant. However, the scanty genomic and transcriptome resources of Astragalus membranaceus have hindered further exploration of its biosynthesis and accumulation mechanism. OBJECTIVE This project aim to further improve our understanding of the relationship between transcriptional behavior and flavonoids content of A. mongholicus. METHODS The accumulation of flavonoids and related gene expression in five different developmental stages (A: vegetative, B: florescence, C: fruiting, D: fruit ripening and E: defoliating stages) of A. mongholicus root were studied by combining UV spectrophotometry and transcriptomic techniques. The de novo assembly, annotation and functional evaluation of the contigs were performed with bioinformatics tools. RESULTS After screening and assembling the raw data, there were a total of 158,123 unigenes with an average length of 644.89 bp were finally obtained, which has 8362 unigenes could be jointly annotated by NR, SwissProt, eggNOG, GO, KEGG and Pfam databases. KEGG enrichment analysis was performed on differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in the four groups (A vs. B, B vs. C, C vs. D, D vs. E). The results showed that many DEGs in each group were significantly enriched to flavonoids biosynthesis related pathways. Among them, a number of 86 were involved in the biosynthesis of isoflavonoid (12), flavonoid (5) and phenylpropanoid (69). Further analysis of these DEGs revealed that the expression levels of key genes such as PAL, 4CL, CCR, COMT, DFR, etc. were all down-regulated at the fruiting stage, and then raised at the fruit ripening stage. This expression pattern was similar to the accumulation trend of total flavonoids content. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this comprehensive transcriptome dataset allowed the identification of genes associated with flavonoids metabolic pathways. The results laid a foundation for the biosynthesis and regulation of flavonoids. It also provided a scientific basis for the most suitable harvest time and resource utilization of A. mongholicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Liang
- Department of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Wenqian Li
- Department of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Jia
- Department of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Experiment mangement center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China
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Yang J, Yang X, Kuang Z, Li B, Lu X, Cao X, Kang J. Selection of suitable reference genes for qRT-PCR expression analysis of Codonopsis pilosula under different experimental conditions. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4169-4181. [PMID: 32410139 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Codonopsis pilosula is a well-known medicinal plant. Although its transcriptome sequence has been published, suitable reference genes have not been systematically identified for conducting expression analyses via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). To screen appropriate genes for use with this species, we applied four different methods-GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder-to evaluate the stability of 13 candidates: CpiEF1Bb, CpiCACS, CpiF-Box, Cpiβ-Tubulin, CpiGAPDH, CpiActin2, CpiAPT1, CpiActin7, CpiActin8, CpiRPL6, CpiHAF1, CpiTubulin6, and CpiUBQ12. Expression was examined by qRT-PCR for various tissue types, chemical treatments, and developmental stages. For all tested samples, CpiGAPDH proved to be the most stable. Comprehensive analysis indicated that the most stable internal reference genes were CpiF-Box and CpiCACS in different tissues and at different developmental stages, respectively. Under NaCl stress, CpiAPT1 was the best internal reference gene. For methyl jasmonate and abscisic acid treatments, CpiGAPDH and CpiF-Box, respectively, presented the highest degree of expression stability. Based on these findings, we chose CpiSPL9 as the target gene for validating the suitability of these selected reference genes. All of these results provide a foundation for accurate quantification of expression levels by genes of interest in C. pilosula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.,Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xiaozeng Yang
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Zheng Kuang
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.,State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Xiayang Lu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.,Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
| | - Jiefang Kang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
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Klibi J, Amable L, Benlagha K. A focus on natural killer T-cell subset characterization and developmental stages. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:358-368. [PMID: 32187747 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Almost 20 years ago, CD1d tetramers were developed to track invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells based on their specificity, and to define developmental steps during which differentiation markers and functional features are progressively acquired from early NKT cell precursor to fully mature NKT cell subsets. Based on these findings, a linear developmental model was proposed and subsequently used by all studies investigating the specific role of factors that control NKT cell development. More recently, based on intracellular staining patterns of lineage-specific transcription factors such as T-bet, GATA-3, promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger and RORγt, a lineage differentiation model was proposed for NKT cell development. Currently, studies on NKT cells development present lineage differentiation model data in addition to the linear maturation model. In the perspective presented here, we discuss current knowledge relating to NKT cell developmental models and particularly focus on the approaches and strategies, some of which appear nebulous, used to define NKT cell developmental stages and subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihene Klibi
- INSERM, UMR-1160, Institut de Recherche St-Louis (IRSL), Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ludivine Amable
- INSERM, UMR-1160, Institut de Recherche St-Louis (IRSL), Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- INSERM, UMR-1160, Institut de Recherche St-Louis (IRSL), Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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43
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Rojas KE, García MC, Cerón IX, Ortiz RE, Tarazona MP. Identification of potential maturity indicators for harvesting cacao. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03416. [PMID: 32140578 PMCID: PMC7044803 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocoa production is a complex process where the conditions of the raw materials decisively impact the final quality of the product. Three universal clones (CCN51, ICS95, and TSH565) from the Department of Huila in Colombia were evaluated to characterize the ripening process of cocoa fruits. Maturity indicators were identified by following the evolution of basic fruit characteristics, including size, weight, seed count, depth and distance between grooves, width and length of the apex, diameter and length of the seed, moisture content, color parameters, fruit firmness, soluble solids content, pH, and acidity. The results indicated that each cocoa clone has a unique set of ripeness parameters: color for ICS95; firmness and weight of the seed for CCN51; and color, morphological characteristics of the apex and grooves, weight, moisture content, pH, and total soluble solids for TSH565. The establishment of reliable, practical, and objective ripeness indicators for each cocoa clone will allow more homogenous cocoa pods to be selected for fermentation, which will ultimately contribute to improved quality and homogeneity of cocoa and its derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Rojas
- Process Engineering and Industrial Systems Research Group, Department of Engineering, Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maria C García
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Ivonne X Cerón
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Centro de Investigación Nataima, Espinal, Colombia
| | - Ronnal E Ortiz
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Martha P Tarazona
- Process Engineering and Industrial Systems Research Group, Department of Engineering, Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Bogotá, Colombia
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Subramaniyam S, Bae S, Jung M, Shin Y, Oh JH. The transcriptome data from the leaves of four Papaver species captured at the plant's three developmental life cycles. Data Brief 2020; 28:104955. [PMID: 31890797 PMCID: PMC6926128 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The plants in the Papaver genus are widely known as Poppies, which is used for ornamental and medicinal purposes, to utilize its plants derived alkaloids and attractive flowers. From this genus, we have sequenced the transcriptomes of four species's (Papaver rhoeas (two cultivar), Papaver nudicaule (five cultivar), Papaver fauriei, and Papaver somniferum) leaves at three developmental stages (i.e., leaf rosette (30 days), elongation and branching (60 days), and blossom and seed formations (90 days)), to elucidate the secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene expression profiles at respective plant stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seonhwa Bae
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science (NAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), 370, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghee Jung
- Research and Development Center, Insilicogen Inc., Yongin-si 16954, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Younhee Shin
- Research and Development Center, Insilicogen Inc., Yongin-si 16954, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeon Oh
- Upland Crop Breeding Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Sciences (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), 20 Jeompiljae-ro, Miryang, Gyeongnam 50424, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Fasciola hepatica has a heteroxenous complex life cycle that alternates between an invertebrate intermediate and a mammalian definitive host. The life cycle has five well-defined phases within their hosts and the environment: (1) eggs released from the vertebrate host to the environment and its subsequent development; (2) emergence of miracidia and their search and penetration into an intermediate snail host; (3) development and multiplication of larval stages within the snail; (4) emergence of cercariae and the encystment in metacercariae; and (5) ingestion of infective metacercariae by the definitive host and development to its adult form. Here we describe some protocols to obtain and maintain different developmental stages of F. hepatica in the laboratory for different applications (molecular/cellular biology studies, vaccination trials, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Gayo
- División Laboratorios Veterinarios "DILAVE", Unidad de Biotecnologia, Ministerio de Ganaderia Agricultura y Pesca, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martin Cancela
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel Acosta
- División Laboratorios Veterinarios "DILAVE", Unidad de Biotecnologia, Ministerio de Ganaderia Agricultura y Pesca, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Leontovyč A, Ulrychová L, Horn M, Dvořák J. Collection of Excretory/Secretory Products from Individual Developmental Stages of the Blood Fluke Schistosoma mansoni. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2151:55-63. [PMID: 32451995 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0635-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Individual developmental stages of blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni excrete or secrete a different set of molecules. Here we describe optimized protocols for collection of excretory/secretory products (E/S products) from cercariae, schistosomula, adult worms, and eggs. These E/S products are essential for successful parasitism functioning at the host-parasite interface, enabling invasion into the host and contributing to the survival of the parasite by modulation of host physiology and immune responses. Collection of sufficient amounts of E/S products is required for detailed research of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Leontovyč
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Ulrychová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dvořák
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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47
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Peng J, Shang B, Xu Y, Feng Z, Calatayud V. Effects of ozone on maize (Zea mays L.) photosynthetic physiology, biomass and yield components based on exposure- and flux-response relationships. Environ Pollut 2020; 256:113466. [PMID: 31679879 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the Industrial Revolution, the global ambient O3 concentration has more than doubled. Negative impact of O3 on some common crops such as wheat and soybeans has been widely recognized, but there is relatively little information about maize, the typical C4 plant and third most important crop worldwide. To partly compensate this knowledge gap, the maize cultivar (Zhengdan 958, ZD958) with maximum planting area in China was exposed to a range of chronic ozone (O3) exposures in open top chambers (OTCs). The O3 effects on this highly important crop were estimated in relation to two O3 metrics, AOT40 (accumulated hourly O3 concentration over a threshold of 40 ppb during daylight hours) and POD6 (Phytotoxic O3 Dose above a threshold flux of 6 nmol O3 m-2 s-1 during a specified period). We found that (1) the reduced light-saturated net photosynthetic rate (Asat) mainly caused by non-stomatal limitations across heading and grain filling stages, but the stomatal limitations at the former stage were stronger than those at the latter stage; (2) impact of O3 on water use efficiency (WUE) of maize was significantly dependent on developmental stage; (3) yield loss induced by O3 was mainly due to a reduction in kernels weight rather than in the number of kernels; (4) the performance of AOT40 and POD6 was similar, according to their determination coefficients (R2); (5) the order of O3 sensitivity among different parameters was photosynthetic parameters > biomass parameters > yield-related parameters; (6) Responses of Asat to O3 between heading and gran filling stages were significantly different based on AOT40 metric, but not POD6. The proposed O3 metrics-response relationships will be valuable for O3 risk assessment in Asia and also for crop productivity models including the influence of O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- Fundación CEAM, c/ Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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Yoshida Y, Sugiura K, Tomita M, Matsumoto M, Arakawa K. Comparison of the transcriptomes of two tardigrades with different hatching coordination. BMC Dev Biol 2019; 19:24. [PMID: 31864287 PMCID: PMC6925440 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-019-0205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tardigrades are microscopic organisms, famous for their tolerance against extreme environments. The establishment of rearing systems of multiple species has allowed for comparison of tardigrade physiology, in particular in embryogenesis. Interestingly, in-lab cultures of limnic species showed smaller variation in hatching timing than terrestrial species, suggesting a hatching regulation mechanism acquired by adaptation to their habitat. RESULTS To this end, we screened for coordinated gene expression during the development of two species of tardigrades, Hypsibius exemplaris and Ramazzottius varieornatus, and observed induction of the arthropod molting pathway. Exposure of ecdysteroids and juvenile hormone analog affected egg hatching but not embryonic development in only the limnic H. exemplaris. CONCLUSION These observations suggest a hatching regulation mechanism by the molting pathway in H. exemplaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoshida
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Mizukami 246-2, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenta Sugiura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Fujisawa, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Mizukami 246-2, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Midori Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Fujisawa, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Arakawa
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Mizukami 246-2, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan.
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Kadiene EU, Meng PJ, Hwang JS, Souissi S. Acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium on the copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei: A life history traits approach. Chemosphere 2019; 233:396-404. [PMID: 31176903 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We determined the effect of acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium (Cd) on Pseudodiaptomus annandalei, according to their developmental and reproductive stages. Firstly, to estimate the 50% lethal concentration (LC50), acute exposure of nauplii and copepodids to 20, 40, 80, 150, and 300 μg/L of Cd was tested, and the effects of 5 μg/L and 40 μg/L of Cd on copepod developmental rate was done. Female lifespan and number of nauplii produced were compared. Secondly, one generation of copepod was exposed to dissolved (WCd) and dietary (DCd) Cd, and sex-specific Cd uptake and population density were estimated. 96 h LC50 was 40 μg/L Cd for nauplii and 120 μg/L Cd for copepodids. Duration of copepod development was 3.5 days and 5.5 days longer than the control when exposed to 5 μg/L and 40 μg/L of Cd, respectively. Female lifespan in both treatments were 9 and 8 days shorter than in the control, respectively. Total number of nauplii produced per female lifespan was 440 (control), 450 (5 μg/L Cd), and 365 (40 μg/L Cd). Cd uptake in copepods increased from nauplii to adults when exposed to dietary Cd and decreased when exposed to dissolved Cd. Dietary uptake of Cd was significantly higher in males than in females and Cd uptake from water was higher in males than in females, but not statistically significant. The total population of copepods were significantly affected by Cd. The toxic effects of Cd in copepods appear to depend on developmental stage, sex, duration and uptake route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther U Kadiene
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930, Wimereux, France; Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 20224, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jie Meng
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan; National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 20224, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Sami Souissi
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930, Wimereux, France.
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Abstract
An academic career goes through developmental stages and faculty have different needs as they progress through these stages. Faculty development initiatives can target these developmental needs. Early career faculty develop their clinical and academic identities and benefit from orientation programs and mentorship. Mid-career faculty engage in role transitions, consolidating their careers, and focusing on productivity and generativity. They benefit from programs that provide new skills, including leadership skills. Advanced career faculty focus on professional-personal integration, contributing to a community, and changes in roles and power. They can benefit from mentorship, from peers locally and at a distance.
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