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Mahoney P, McFarlane G, Taurozzi AJ, Madupe PP, O'Hara MC, Molopyane K, Cappellini E, Hawks J, Skinner MM, Berger L. Human-like enamel growth in Homo naledi. Am J Biol Anthropol 2024; 184:e24893. [PMID: 38180115 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A modern pattern (rate and duration) of dental development occurs relatively recently during human evolution. Given the temporal overlap of Homo naledi with the first appearance of fossil Homo sapiens in Africa, this small-bodied and small-brained hominin presents an opportunity to elucidate the evolution of enamel growth in the hominin clade. Here we conduct the first histological study of two permanent mandibular canines and one permanent maxillary first molar, representing three individuals attributed to H. naledi. We reconstruct the rate and duration of enamel growth and compare these findings to those reported for other fossil hominins and recent humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thin sections of each tooth were produced using standard histological methods. Daily and longer period incremental markings were measured to reconstruct enamel secretion and extension rates, Retzius periodicity, canine crown and molar cusp formation time. RESULTS Daily enamel secretion rates overlapped with those from recent hominins. Canine crown formation time is similar to that observed in recent Europeans but is longer than canine formation times reported for most other hominins including Australopithecus and H. neanderthalensis. The extended period of canine formation appears to be due to a relatively tall enamel crown and a sustained slow rate of enamel extension in the cervical portion of the crown. A Retzius periodicity of 11 days for the canines, and nine days for the molar, in H. naledi parallel results found in recent humans. An 11-day periodicity has not been reported for Late Pleistocene Homo (H. erectus, H. neanderthalensis) and is rarely found in Australopithecus and Paranthropus species. DISCUSSION Enamel growth of H. naledi is most similar to recent humans though comparative data are limited for most fossil hominin species. The high Retzius periodicity values do not follow expectations for a small-brained hominin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mahoney
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Gina McFarlane
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Alberto J Taurozzi
- Section for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Palesa P Madupe
- Section for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Human Evolution Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Mackie C O'Hara
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Keneiloe Molopyane
- Centre for the Exploration of the Deep Human Journey, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- The National Geographic Society, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Enrico Cappellini
- Section for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Hawks
- Centre for the Exploration of the Deep Human Journey, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Matthew M Skinner
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Lee Berger
- Centre for the Exploration of the Deep Human Journey, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- The National Geographic Society, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- The Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Gurian K, Buzaribah K, O'Hara MC, Khalaf K, Waterhouse PJ, Dirks W. Relating metric crown dimensions to underlying internal daily secretion rates in antimeric premolars. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 157:105852. [PMID: 37995633 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The underlying cause for metric differences in antimeric tooth pairs is an important question for understanding dental variation. We hypothesize that localized variation in crown dimensions will be reflected in localized variation in daily enamel secretion rate. DESIGN Casts of pairs of human premolars from a tissue bank were 3D scanned using an optical scanning system (n = 32). Histological slides were created, and daily secretion rates (DSRs) were recorded in two areas of enamel that corresponded to scanner measurements. Antimeres were compared for both metric measurements and DSRs. Outliers for scanner measures were compared to significant differences in DSRs measurements in right and left teeth in corresponding areas. RESULTS Thirteen of the 16 individuals differed significantly in antimeric metric measurements, but only ten of those also differed in the underlying DSR. Fifteen of the 16 total individuals differed significantly in at least one DSR area. DISCUSSION While some individuals were outliers for metric measurements and had multiple areas of DSR differences, the majority of individuals had antimeric DSR differences regardless of metric differences. While there was no conclusive correlation between 3D metric analysis and underlying DSR differences, the most important result of this study is that DSR differences between antimeres are common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaita Gurian
- Department of Anthropology, Ohio State University, Columbus, United States.
| | - Khadeejah Buzaribah
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Mackie C O'Hara
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Khaled Khalaf
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Paula J Waterhouse
- School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Dirks
- Posthumous, Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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Guatelli-Steinberg D, Schwartz GT, O'Hara MC, Gurian K, Rychel J, Dunham N, Cunneyworth PMK, Donaldson A, McGraw WS. Aspects of molar form and dietary proclivities of African colobines. J Hum Evol 2023; 180:103384. [PMID: 37201412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates aspects of molar form in three African colobine species: Colobus polykomos, Colobus angolensis, and Piliocolobus badius. Our samples of C. polykomos and P. badius are from the Taï Forest, Ivory Coast; our sample of C. angolensis is from Diani, Kenya. To the extent that protective layers surrounding seeds are hard, we predicted that molar features related to hard-object feeding would be more pronounced in Colobus than they are Piliocolobus, as seed-eating generally occurs at higher frequencies in species of the former. We further predicted that among the colobines we studied, these features would be most pronounced in Taï Forest C. polykomos, which feeds on Pentaclethra macrophylla seeds encased within hard and tough seed pods. We compared overall enamel thickness, enamel thickness distribution, absolute crown strength, cusp tip geometry, and flare among molar samples. Sample sizes per species and molar type varied per comparison. We predicted differences in all variables except overall enamel thickness, which we expected would be invariant among colobines as a result of selection for thin enamel in these folivorous species. Of the variables we examined, only molar flare differed significantly between Colobus and Piliocolobus. Our findings suggest that molar flare, an ancient feature of cercopithecoid molars, was retained in Colobus but not in Piliocolobus, perhaps as a result of differences in the seed-eating proclivities of the two genera. Contrary to predictions, none of the aspects of molar form we investigated tracked current dietary differences in seed-eating between the two Colobus species. Finally, we explored the possibility that molar flare and absolute crown strength, when analyzed together, might afford greater differentiation among these colobine species. A multivariate t test of molar flare and absolute crown strength differentiated C. polykomos and P. badius, possibly reflecting known niche divergence between these two sympatric Taï Forest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, 174 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, UK.
| | - Gary T Schwartz
- Institute of Human Origins & School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Mackie C O'Hara
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, 174 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Kaita Gurian
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, 174 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jess Rychel
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, 174 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Noah Dunham
- Division of Conservation and Science, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, 4200 Wildlife Way, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA; Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2080 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | | | - Andrea Donaldson
- Colobus Conservation, P.O. Box 5380-80401, Diani, Kenya; Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - W Scott McGraw
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, 174 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Guatelli‐Steinberg D, Schwartz GT, O'Hara MC, Gurian K, Rychel J, McGraw WS. Molar form, enamel growth, and durophagy in Cercocebus and Lophocebus. Am J Biol Anthropol 2022; 179:386-404. [PMCID: PMC9796247 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To test the hypothesis that differences in crown structure, enamel growth, and crown geometry in Cercocebus and Lophocebus molars covary with differences in the feeding strategies (habitual vs. fallback durophagy, respectively) of these two genera. Relative to Lophocebus molars, Cercocebus molars are predicted to possess features associated with greater fracture resistance and to differ in enamel growth parameters related to these features. Materials and Methods Sample proveniences are as follows: Cercocebus atys molars are from the Taï Forest, Ivory Coast; Lophocebus albigena molars are from a site north of Makoua, Republic of Congo; and a Lophocebus atterimus molar is from the Lomako Forest, Democratic Republic of Congo. For μCT scans on which aspects of molar form were measured, sample sizes ranged from 5 to 35 for Cercocebus and 3 to 12 for Lophocebus. A subsample of upper molars was physically sectioned to measure enamel growth variables. Results Partly as a function of their larger size, Cercocebus molars had significantly greater absolute crown strength (ACS) than Lophocebus molars, supporting the hypothesis. Greater crown heights in Cercocebus are achieved through faster enamel extension rates. Also supporting the hypothesis, molar flare and proportional occlusal basin enamel thickness were significantly greater in Cercocebus. Relative enamel thickness (RET), however, was significantly greater in Lophocebus. Discussion If ACS is a better predictor of fracture resistance than RET, then Cercocebus molars may be more fracture resistant than those of Lophocebus. Greater molar flare and proportional occlusal basin thickness might also afford Cercocebus molars greater fracture resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary T. Schwartz
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change and Institute of Human OriginsArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Mackie C. O'Hara
- Department of AnthropologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| | - Kaita Gurian
- Department of AnthropologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Jess Rychel
- Department of AnthropologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - W. Scott McGraw
- Department of AnthropologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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O'Hara MC, Guatelli-Steinberg D. Reconstructing tooth crown heights and enamel caps: A comparative test of three existing methods with recommendations for their use. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 305:123-143. [PMID: 33843152 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies of enamel growth and thickness, whether in paleoanthropology, bioarchaeology, or primatology, require measurements of crown height (CH), cuspal enamel thickness (CET), average (AET), and/or regional enamel thickness (RegAET) on complete, unworn crowns. Yet because fully unworn crowns are uncommon, three methods to bolster sample sizes by reconstructing slightly worn teeth have been developed: Profile, Polynomial, and Pen Tool. Although these methods have been tested for accuracy, no study has yet directly compared the three methods to assess their performance across CH, CET, AET, and RegAET measurements. Moreover, it is currently unclear how accurate the methods are when reconstructing crowns with varying degrees of wear. The present study addresses this gap in our understanding of how these methods perform on four key dental measurements, evaluates the degree of wear for which accurate crown reconstructions can be completed, and offers recommendations for applying these methods. Here, the methods are compared on Paranthropus robustus mandibular molars, a sample chosen because it exhibits variable morphology, presenting a challenge for reconstruction methods. For minimally worn teeth, Profile, Polynomial, and Pen Tool methods can be employed (in that order) for all measurements except CET, which cannot be reliably measured on reconstructions. For teeth with wear that obliterates the nadir of the occlusal basin or dentin horns, CH and AET can be measured using Profile and Polynomial reconstructions; however, no other measurements or methods were reliable. Recommendations provided here will make it possible to increase sample sizes and replicability, enhancing studies of enamel thickness and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackie C O'Hara
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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6
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Mahoney P, McFarlane G, Pitfield R, O'Hara MC, Miszkiewicz JJ, Deter C, Seal H, Guatelli-Steinberg D. A structural biorhythm related to human sexual dimorphism. J Struct Biol 2020; 211:107550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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7
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Xing S, Tafforeau P, O'Hara MC, Modesto-Mata M, Martín-Francés L, Martinón-Torres M, Schepartz LA, Bermúdez de Castro JM, Guatelli-Steinberg D. A broader perspective on estimating dental age for the Xujiayao juvenile, a late Middle Pleistocene archaic hominin from East Asia. J Hum Evol 2020; 148:102850. [PMID: 32718693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Xing
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044, China; Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre La Evolución Humana, Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca S/n, 09002, Burgos, Spain.
| | - Paul Tafforeau
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS-40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Mackie C O'Hara
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Mario Modesto-Mata
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre La Evolución Humana, Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca S/n, 09002, Burgos, Spain; Equipo Primeros Pobladores de Extremadura, Casa de La Cultura Rodríguez Moñino, Av. Cervantes S/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain; Anthropology Department, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, WC1H 0BW, UK
| | - Laura Martín-Francés
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre La Evolución Humana, Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca S/n, 09002, Burgos, Spain; UMR5189 PACEA Université de Bordeaux CNRS MCC, France
| | - María Martinón-Torres
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre La Evolución Humana, Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca S/n, 09002, Burgos, Spain; Anthropology Department, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, WC1H 0BW, UK
| | - Lynne A Schepartz
- HVIRU, School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - José María Bermúdez de Castro
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre La Evolución Humana, Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca S/n, 09002, Burgos, Spain; Anthropology Department, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, WC1H 0BW, UK
| | - Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Department of Anthropology/Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; School of Anthropology and Conservation, The University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, UK
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Aris C, Mahoney P, O'Hara MC, Deter C. Enamel thickness and growth rates in modern human permanent first molars over a 2000 year period in Britain. Am J Phys Anthropol 2020; 173:141-157. [PMID: 32078160 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explores variation and trends in first molar enamel thickness and daily enamel secretion rates over a 2000 year period in Britain. METHODS Permanent first molars (n = 89) from the Roman, Anglo-Saxon, and Medieval periods, as well as modern-day Britain, were analyzed using standard histological methods. Relative enamel thickness (RET) and linear measurements of cuspal and lateral thickness were calculated for mesial cusps. Daily secretion rates (DSRs) were calculated for inner, mid, and outer enamel regions in both cuspal and lateral enamel. Significant differences and trends were identified between samples using nonparametric statistical tests. RESULTS Enamel thickness differed between some populations, but no temporal trends were identified. Early Anglo-Saxon molars had significantly thinner RET than both Late Anglo-Saxon (p < .00) and Medieval (p < .00) molars. Lateral enamel from the Roman molars was significantly thinner than the modern-day sample (p = .04). In contrast, a significant slowing trend in DSRs was observed across the more ancient to modern-day samples in every measured region except the mid-lateral enamel region. DISCUSSION This study presents the first evidence for a gradual slowing in the daily rate that enamel is secreted in molars over the past 2000 years in Britain. However, this trend was not matched by consistent or significant positive or negative shifts in enamel thickness. These findings suggest that modern human molars of similar enamel thickness, from different modern and ancient populations, formed at different rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Aris
- Human Osteology Lab, Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Patrick Mahoney
- Human Osteology Lab, Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Mackie C O'Hara
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Chris Deter
- Human Osteology Lab, Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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9
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O'Hara MC, Le Cabec A, Xing S, Skinner MF, Guatelli‐Steinberg D. Safe Casting and Reliable Cusp Reconstruction Assisted by Micro‐Computed Tomographic Scans of Fossil Teeth. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:1516-1535. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mackie C. O'Hara
- Department of Anthropology The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Adeline Le Cabec
- Department of Human Evolution Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology D‐04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Song Xing
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044 China
| | - Mark F. Skinner
- Department of Archaeology, King's Manor University of York York UK, YO1 7EP
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10
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Mc Sharry J, Dinneen SF, Humphreys M, O'Donnell M, O'Hara MC, Smith SM, Winkley K, Byrne M. Barriers and facilitators to attendance at Type 2 diabetes structured education programmes: a qualitative study of educators and attendees. Diabet Med 2019; 36:70-79. [PMID: 30156335 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Attendance at structured diabetes education has been recommended internationally for all people with Type 2 diabetes. However, attendance rates are consistently low. This qualitative study aimed to explore experiences of attending and delivering Type 2 diabetes structured education programmes in Ireland and barriers and facilitators to attendance. METHODS People with Type 2 diabetes who had attended one of the three programmes delivered in Ireland and educators from the three programmes took part in semi-structured telephone interviews. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Twelve attendees and 14 educators were interviewed. Two themes were identified in relation to experiences of programme attendance and delivery: 'Structured education: addressing an unmet need' and 'The problem of non-attendance'. The third theme 'Barriers to attendance: can't go, won't go, don't know and poor system flow' outlined how practicalities of attending, lack of knowledge of the existence and benefits, and limited resources and support for education within the diabetes care pathway impacts on attendance. The final theme 'Supporting attendance: healthcare professionals and the diabetes care pathway' describes facilitators to participants' attendance and the strategies educators perceived to be important in increasing attendance. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare professionals have an important role in improving attendance at structured diabetes education programmes. Improving attendance may require promotion by healthcare professionals and for education to be better embedded and supported within the diabetes care pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mc Sharry
- Health Behaviour Change Research Group, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - S F Dinneen
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - M O'Donnell
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - M C O'Hara
- Research and Development, Strategic Planning and Transformation, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S M Smith
- Department of General Practice, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K Winkley
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Byrne
- Health Behaviour Change Research Group, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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11
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Guatelli-Steinberg D, O'Hara MC, Le Cabec A, Delezene LK, Reid DJ, Skinner MM, Berger LR. Patterns of lateral enamel growth in Homo naledi as assessed through perikymata distribution and number. J Hum Evol 2018; 121:40-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Raymakers AJN, Gillespie P, O'Hara MC, Griffin MD, Dinneen SF. Factors influencing health-related quality of life in patients with Type 1 diabetes. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2018; 16:27. [PMID: 29394942 PMCID: PMC5797407 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-018-0848-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Generic, preference-based measures of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are a common input to the economic evaluation of new health technologies. As such, it is important to explore what characteristics of patients with Type 1 diabetes might impact scores on such measures. Methods This study utilizes baseline data from a cluster-randomized trial that recruited patients with Type 1 diabetes at six centers across Ireland. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the three-level EuroQol EQ-5D (EQ-5D) measure. Patients’ responses to individual dimensions of the EQ-5D were explored. To see which patient factors influenced EQ-5D scores, multivariate regression analysis was conducted with EQ-5D scores as the outcome variable. Results Data was available for 437 Type 1 diabetes patients. The median age of these patients was 40 (IQR: 31-49) years and 53.8% were female. Overall, patients reported a high HRQoL based on EQ-5D scores (0.87 (SD: 0.19). Fifty-four percent of patients reported a perfect HRQoL. For those that reported problems, the most common dimension was the anxiety/depression dimension of the EQ-5D (29.6%). In the multivariate regression analysis, self-reported mental illness (− 0.22 (95% CI: -0.34, − 0.10)) and being unemployed (− 0.07 (95% CI: -0.13, − 0.02)) were negatively associated with EQ-5D scores (p < 0.05). The influence of self-reported mental illness was persistent in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions The study results indicate that patients with Type 1 diabetes report a high HRQoL based on responses to the EQ-5D. However, there are a substantial number of Type 1 diabetes patients that report problems in the anxiety/depression dimension, which may provide avenues to improve patients’ HRQoL. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN79759174. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12955-018-0848-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J N Raymakers
- CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland. .,Health Economics and Policy Analysis Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - P Gillespie
- CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Health Economics and Policy Analysis Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - M C O'Hara
- Research and Development, Health Services Executive, Health and Wellbeing Division, Galway, Ireland
| | - M D Griffin
- CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - S F Dinneen
- School of Medicine, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
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Guatelli‐Steinberg D, Pampush JD, O'Hara MC, Xing S, McGraw WS, Ferrell RJ. Do Mid‐Crown Enamel Formation Front Angles Reflect Factors Linked to the Pace of Primate Growth and Development? Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 301:125-139. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James D. Pampush
- Department of Exercise ScienceHigh Point UniversityHigh Point North Carolina 27268
| | - Mackie C. O'Hara
- Department of AnthropologyThe Ohio State University, 4034 Smith LaboratoryColumbus Ohio 43210‐1106
| | - Song Xing
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, 100044
| | - W. Scott McGraw
- Department of AnthropologyThe Ohio State University, 4034 Smith LaboratoryColumbus Ohio 43210‐1106
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Casey R, O'Hara MC, Cunningham A, Wall D, Geoghegan R, Hynes L, McGuire B, Gately M, Bell M, Dinneen SF. Young adult type 1 diabetes care in the West of Ireland: an audit of hospital practice. QJM 2014; 107:903-8. [PMID: 24925824 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcu103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well recognised that management of young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) poses difficult challenges for physicians and health care organisations as a whole. In Ireland and in particular the west of Ireland there has been little audit or research on young adults with T1DM and the services available to them. DESIGN In 2011 a retrospective review of this patient population in our territory referral centre was carried out. RESULTS The average glycaemic control in this population was poor at 81mmols/mol and diabetes related complications were present in 32%. Engagement by this population with services was poor with an average of 3 missed clinic appointments over a 24 month period. CONCLUSION These results have prompted a re think of how health care professionals can deliver a service that better suits the needs of this challenging patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Casey
- From the Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, Department of Paediatrics, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland and School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland From the Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, Department of Paediatrics, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland and School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - M C O'Hara
- From the Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, Department of Paediatrics, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland and School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland From the Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, Department of Paediatrics, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland and School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - A Cunningham
- From the Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, Department of Paediatrics, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland and School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland From the Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, Department of Paediatrics, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland and School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - D Wall
- From the Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, Department of Paediatrics, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland and School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - R Geoghegan
- From the Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, Department of Paediatrics, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland and School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - L Hynes
- From the Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, Department of Paediatrics, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland and School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - B McGuire
- From the Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, Department of Paediatrics, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland and School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - M Gately
- From the Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, Department of Paediatrics, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland and School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - M Bell
- From the Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, Department of Paediatrics, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland and School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland From the Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, Department of Paediatrics, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland and School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - S F Dinneen
- From the Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, Department of Paediatrics, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland and School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland From the Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland, Department of Paediatrics, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland and School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
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