1
|
Towle I, Loch C. Variation in enamel prism size in primate molars. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 160:105895. [PMID: 38266424 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines whether larger enamel prism diameters accommodate a greater enamel volume from the enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) to the outer-enamel surface (OES) in primate molars, and how prism size relates to enamel thickness and crown location. DESIGN We assessed variation in enamel prism diameter in relation to crown location and enamel thickness in catarrhine lower molars (n = 14 species) and one platyrrhine. Prism diameter and enamel thickness were recorded in four locations (lingual lateral; lingual cuspal; buccal cuspal; buccal lateral), using a buccal-lingual section through the centre of the mesial cusps. Ten prism diameter readings were collected at inner (near the EDJ), outer (near the OES) and middle (between the two locations) enamel for each location. RESULTS Mean prism diameter values for each species were similar (range: 4.06 µm to 5.81 µm). Prism diameter enlarged from inner to outer enamel, suggesting larger prisms help accommodate the increase in enamel volume from the EDJ to the OES. Average prism diameter does not associate with enamel thickness. Instead, cuspal positions had significantly smaller prism diameter at the EDJ than lateral positions, and larger prism sizes at the OES, leading to an overall similar prism diameter mean for all positions (Lingual lateral: 5.11 µm; Lingual cuspal: 5.04 µm; Buccal cuspal: 4.78 µm; Buccal lateral: 4.99 µm). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed consistent average enamel prism diameters in various crown locations of lower primate molars, potentially contributing to the mechanical integrity and functional optimization of enamel in primates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Towle
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002 Burgos, Spain.
| | - Carolina Loch
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Al-Zahawi AR, Ibrahim RO, Talabani RM, Dawood SN, Garib DSH, Abdalla AO. Age and sex related change in tooth enamel thickness of maxillary incisors measured by cone beam computed tomography. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:971. [PMID: 38057794 PMCID: PMC10701974 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03639-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To measure adequate enamel thickness of maxillary incisors in planning enamel reduction for a porcelain laminate veneer restoration in relation to chronological age and sex by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in an Iraqi subpopulation. METHODS From 81 CBCT images, 324 maxillary incisors were examined. Enamel thickness was measured at both mesial and distal regions of the tooth in three different levels: cervical, middle, and incisal (occlusal) 1/3 at a sagittal section. Measurements were made for the following tooth areas using CBCT: facial enamel thickness at 1, 3, and 5 mm from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), palatal enamel thickness at 5 mm from the CEJ (5 mm P), facial and palatal enamel thickness at the incisal edge (IFP), mid incisal enamel thickness (IET), and the incisal edge enamel-pulp distance (IEPD). Relationships of enamel thickness with age and sex were evaluated using Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test and the Pearson correlation coefficient, a simple linear regression analysis used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in terms of an inverse association between enamel thickness and chronological age at all measurements above the CEJ and the regression model for the mid-incisal enamel thickness was (R2 of 0.4). In contrast, there was an increase in IFP, palatal, and IPED enamel thickness with age. Also, significant differences were found in enamel thickness between males and females, the enamel being thicker in females in relation to facial enamel thickness, enamel palatal thickness above CEJ and IET, while for IEPD, the enamel thickness was greater in males compared to females. CONCLUSION The measurements for enamel thickness outcome variables in relation to chronological age revealed significant differences for each measured distance and there were statistically significant differences in enamel thickness between males and females at all measurements except at IFP. These results demonstrate that CBCT can be used for noninvasive, accurate measurements of enamel thickness in both sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rawa Omar Ibrahim
- Conservative Department, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | | | - Shilan Nawzad Dawood
- Conservative Department, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
| | - Didar Sadiq Hama Garib
- Conservative Department, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Plastiras CA, Thiery G, Guy F, Alba DM, Nishimura T, Kostopoulos DS, Merceron G. Investigating the dietary niches of fossil Plio-Pleistocene European macaques: The case of Macaca majori Azzaroli, 1946 from Sardinia. J Hum Evol 2023; 185:103454. [PMID: 37977021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The genus Macaca includes medium- to large-bodied monkeys and represents one of the most diverse primate genera, also having a very large geographic range. Nowadays, wild macaque populations are found in Asia and Africa, inhabiting a wide array of habitats. Fossil macaques were also present in Europe from the Late Miocene until the Late Pleistocene. Macaques are considered ecologically flexible monkeys that exhibit highly opportunistic dietary strategies, which may have been critical to their evolutionary success. Nevertheless, available ecological information regarding fossil European species is very sparse, limiting our knowledge of their evolutionary history in this geographic area. To further our understanding of fossil European macaque ecology, we investigated the dietary ecology of Macaca majori, an insular endemic species from Sardinia. In particular, we characterized the dental capabilities and potential dietary adaptations of M. majori through dental topographic and enamel thickness analyses of two M2s from the Early Pleistocene site of Capo Figari (1.8 Ma). We also assessed its diet through dental microwear texture analysis, while the microwear texture of M. majori was also compared with microwear textures from other European fossil macaques from mainland Europe. The dental topographic and enamel thickness analyses suggest that M. majori frequently consumes hard/mechanically challenging and/or abrasive foods. The results of the dental microwear analysis are consistent with this interpretation and further suggest that M. majori probably exhibited more durophagous dietary habits than mainland Plio-Pleistocene macaques. Overall, our results indicate that M. majori probably occupied a different dietary niche compared to its mainland fossil relatives, which suggests that they may have inhabited different paleoenvironments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Alexandros Plastiras
- Laboratory of Geology and Palaeontology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece; PALEVOPRIM - UMR 7262 CNRS-INEE, Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers Cedex, France.
| | - Ghislain Thiery
- PALEVOPRIM - UMR 7262 CNRS-INEE, Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Franck Guy
- PALEVOPRIM - UMR 7262 CNRS-INEE, Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - David M Alba
- Insitut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Auntònoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTA-ICP, c/ Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Takeshi Nishimura
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Dimitris S Kostopoulos
- Laboratory of Geology and Palaeontology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gildas Merceron
- PALEVOPRIM - UMR 7262 CNRS-INEE, Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Towle I, Salem AS, Veneziano A, Loch C. Variation in enamel and dentine mineral concentration and density in primate molars. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 153:105752. [PMID: 37385050 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Variation in enamel and dentine mineral concentration and total effective density can be reliably collected using Micro-CT scans. Both variables are suggested to reflect mechanical properties such as hardness and elastic modulus in dental tissues, meaning Micro-CT methods allow relative composition and mechanical properties to be collected non-destructively. DESIGN 16 lower molars from 16 Catarrhine primates were Micro-CT scanned alongside hydroxyapatite phantoms using standardized settings and methods to calculate mineral concentration and total effective density. Mineral concentration, total effective density and thickness of dentine and enamel were calculated for four cusps, representing each 'corner' of the tooth and four lateral crown positions (i.e., mesial, buccal, lingual and distal). RESULTS The results show mean mineral concentration and total effective density values were higher in areas of thicker enamel, while the opposite was observed for dentine. Buccal positions had significantly higher mineral concentration and total effective density values than lingual areas. Cuspal positions had higher mean values than lateral enamel, for both dentine (mineral concentration cuspal: 1.26 g/cm3; lateral: 1.20 g/cm3) and enamel (mineral concentration cuspal: 2.31 g/cm3; lateral: 2.25 g/cm3). Mesial enamel had significantly lower values than other locations. CONCLUSIONS These common patterns across Catarrhine taxa may be linked to functional adaptations related to optimization of mastication and tooth protection. Variation in mineral concentration and total effective density may also be associated with wear and fracture patterns, and can be used as baseline information to investigate the effect of diet, pathological changes and aging on teeth through time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Towle
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Amira Samir Salem
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Alessio Veneziano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carolina Loch
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Morse PE, Pampush JD, Kay RF. Dental topography of the Oligocene anthropoids Aegyptopithecus zeuxis and Apidium phiomense: Paleodietary insights from analysis of wear series. J Hum Evol 2023; 180:103387. [PMID: 37245335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fossil primate dietary inference is enhanced when ascertained through multiple, distinct proxies. Dental topography can be used to assess changes in occlusal morphology with macrowear, providing insight on tooth use and function across the lifespans of individuals. We measured convex Dirichlet normal energy-a dental topography metric reflecting occlusal sharpness of features such as cusps and crests-in macrowear series of the second mandibular molars of two African anthropoid taxa from ∼30 Ma (Aegyptopithecus zeuxis and Apidium phiomense). Wear was quantified via three proxies: occlusal dentine exposure, inverse relief index, and inverse occlusal relief. The same measurements were calculated on macrowear series of four extant platyrrhine taxa (Alouatta, Ateles, Plecturocebus, and Sapajus apella) to provide an analogical framework for dietary inference in the fossil taxa. We predicted that Ae. zeuxis and Ap. phiomense would show similar patterns in topographic change with wear to one another and to extant platyrrhine frugivores like Ateles and Plecturocebus. The fossil taxa have similar distributions of convex Dirichlet normal energy to one another, and high amounts of concave Dirichlet normal energy 'noise' in unworn molars-a pattern shared with extant hominids that may distort dietary interpretations. Inverse relief index was the most useful wear proxy for comparison among the taxa in this study which possess disparate enamel thicknesses. Contrary to expectations, Ae. zeuxis and Ap. phiomense both resemble S. apella in exhibiting an initial decline in convex Dirichlet normal energy followed by an increase at the latest stages of wear as measured by inverse relief index, lending support to previous suggestions that hard-object feeding played a role in their dietary ecology. Based on these results and previous analyses of molar shearing quotients, microwear, and enamel microstructure, we suggest that Ae. zeuxis had a pitheciine-like strategy of seed predation, whereas Ap. phiomense potentially consumed berry-like compound fruits with hard seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Morse
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - James D Pampush
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, NC 27260, USA; Department of Physician Assistant Studies, High Point University, High Point, NC 27260, USA
| | - Richard F Kay
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Division of Earth and Climate Sciences, Nicholas School, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guatelli-Steinberg D, Schwartz GT, O'Hara MC, Gurian K, Rychel J, Dunham N, Cunneyworth PMK, Donaldson A, McGraw WS. Aspects of molar form and dietary proclivities of African colobines. J Hum Evol 2023; 180:103384. [PMID: 37201412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates aspects of molar form in three African colobine species: Colobus polykomos, Colobus angolensis, and Piliocolobus badius. Our samples of C. polykomos and P. badius are from the Taï Forest, Ivory Coast; our sample of C. angolensis is from Diani, Kenya. To the extent that protective layers surrounding seeds are hard, we predicted that molar features related to hard-object feeding would be more pronounced in Colobus than they are Piliocolobus, as seed-eating generally occurs at higher frequencies in species of the former. We further predicted that among the colobines we studied, these features would be most pronounced in Taï Forest C. polykomos, which feeds on Pentaclethra macrophylla seeds encased within hard and tough seed pods. We compared overall enamel thickness, enamel thickness distribution, absolute crown strength, cusp tip geometry, and flare among molar samples. Sample sizes per species and molar type varied per comparison. We predicted differences in all variables except overall enamel thickness, which we expected would be invariant among colobines as a result of selection for thin enamel in these folivorous species. Of the variables we examined, only molar flare differed significantly between Colobus and Piliocolobus. Our findings suggest that molar flare, an ancient feature of cercopithecoid molars, was retained in Colobus but not in Piliocolobus, perhaps as a result of differences in the seed-eating proclivities of the two genera. Contrary to predictions, none of the aspects of molar form we investigated tracked current dietary differences in seed-eating between the two Colobus species. Finally, we explored the possibility that molar flare and absolute crown strength, when analyzed together, might afford greater differentiation among these colobine species. A multivariate t test of molar flare and absolute crown strength differentiated C. polykomos and P. badius, possibly reflecting known niche divergence between these two sympatric Taï Forest species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, 174 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, UK.
| | - Gary T Schwartz
- Institute of Human Origins & School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Mackie C O'Hara
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, 174 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Kaita Gurian
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, 174 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jess Rychel
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, 174 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Noah Dunham
- Division of Conservation and Science, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, 4200 Wildlife Way, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA; Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2080 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | | | - Andrea Donaldson
- Colobus Conservation, P.O. Box 5380-80401, Diani, Kenya; Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - W Scott McGraw
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, 174 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Soukup JW, Jeffery J, Hetzel SJ, Ploeg HL, Henak CR. Morphological quantification of the maxillary canine tooth in the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris). Ann Anat 2023; 246:152041. [PMID: 36526093 PMCID: PMC9947742 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.152041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Canine tooth shape is known to vary with diet and killing behavior in wild animals and the relationship between form and function is driven in part by selective pressure. However, comparative investigation of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) is of interest. How do they compare to their wild counterparts? This study sought to quantify and characterize the morphology of the canine tooth in the domestic dog, and to provide a preliminary investigation into the variance in canine tooth morphology across individual dogs of varying breeds. Three-dimensional (3D) models generated from micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) studies of 10 mature maxillary canine teeth from the domesticated dog (Canis lupus familiaris) were used to quantify key morphological features and evaluate variance among dogs. Results show that, utilizing modern imaging and model building software, the morphology of the canine tooth can be comprehensively characterized and quantified. Morphological variables such as second moment of area and section modulus (geometrical parameters related to resistance to bending), as well as aspect ratio, ridge sharpness, cusp sharpness and enamel thickness are optimized in biomechanically critical areas of the tooth crown to balance form and function. Tooth diameter, second moment of area, section modulus, cross sectional area, tooth volume and length as well as enamel thickness are highly correlated with body weight. In addition, we found preliminary evidence of morphological variance across individual dogs. Quantification of these features provide insight into the balance of form and function of the canine tooth in wild and domesticated canids. In addition, results suggest that variance between dogs exist in some morphological features and most morphological features are highly correlated with body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Soukup
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Justin Jeffery
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Scott J Hetzel
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Heidi-Lynn Ploeg
- Department of Mechanics and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Corinne R Henak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, College of Engineering, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zubova AV, Moiseyev VG, Kulkov AM, Otcherednoy AK, Markin SV, Kolobova KA. Maxillary second molar from the Rozhok I Micoquian site (Azov Sea region): Another link between Eastern Europe and Siberia. J Hum Evol 2022; 168:103209. [PMID: 35617848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alisa V Zubova
- Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb. 3, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia; Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentieva av., 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Vyacheslav G Moiseyev
- Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb. 3, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Alexander M Kulkov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7-9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Aleksander K Otcherednoy
- Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dvortsovaya emb. 18, St. Petersburg, 191186, Russia
| | - Sergey V Markin
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentieva av., 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Ksenia A Kolobova
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentieva av., 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nowaczewska W, Binkowski M, Benazzi S, Vazzana A, Nadachowski A, Stefaniak K, Żarski M, Talamo S, Compton T, Stringer CB, Hajdinjak M, Hublin JJ. New hominin teeth from Stajnia Cave, Poland. J Hum Evol 2021; 151:102929. [PMID: 33418451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Nowaczewska
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63, Wrocław 51-148, Poland.
| | - Marcin Binkowski
- X-ray Microtomography Lab, Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer and Materials Science, University of Silesia, Będzińska 39, Chorzów 41-200, Poland
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via Degli Ariani 1, Ravenna 48121, Italy; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Antonino Vazzana
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via Degli Ariani 1, Ravenna 48121, Italy
| | - Adam Nadachowski
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, Kraków 31-016, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Stefaniak
- Department of Paleozoology, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, Wrocław 50-335, Poland
| | - Marcin Żarski
- Polish Geological Institute-National Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, Warsaw 00-975, Poland
| | - Sahra Talamo
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, Bologna 40126, Italy; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Tim Compton
- CHER, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Chris B Stringer
- CHER, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Mateja Hajdinjak
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig D-04103, Germany; International Chair of Paleoanthropology, Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris 75231, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chai H. Dentin horn angle and enamel thickness interactively control tooth resilience and bite force. Acta Biomater 2018; 75:279-86. [PMID: 29874598 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fossil teeth are a primary source for inferring species development via evolutionary adaptation due to their linkage to feeding ecology and well perseverance. The main working tools in such studies are bite force analysis derived from jaw musculature and lever arms and morphogenetic based on enamel thickness and occlusal surface area. Despite progress made, quantitative correlation between predictions and behavior is still lacking. We studied histological sections in varieties of extracted premolar and molar human teeth. Sections corresponding to planes intersecting tips of primary cusps as well as more random planes were considered. The results revealed a unique, conclusive link between cuspal enamel thickness dc and dentin horn angle φ, a developmental parameter which contribution to tooth functioning has been overlooked. Naturally led by design principles of corbel arches, we examined the bending stress at the horn apex due to axial cuspal loading. The results show that this dc vs. φ relationship produces a constant force causing cusp fracture PF, making the latter a viable measure of tooth resilience. A preliminary study on published sections of extinct hominin teeth showed that their dc vs. φ behavior is consistent with modern humans albeit with varying PF. Scaling BF with PF enables direct estimate of bite force from measures of dc and φ in fossil teeth, achievable nondestructively from micro-computed tomography scans. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The correspondence between cuspal enamel thickness and dentin horn angle in the postcanine row is a natural design here revealed for the first time. This correspondence yields constant force causing fracture at the horn apex, PF, making the latter a viable measure of tooth resilience. Scaling bite force (BF) with PF enables direct estimate of BF. The proposed mechanistic link between bite force and anatomical parameters dc and φ, expressed in a simple analytic form, offers direct, development-based expectation for examining evolutionary processes in hominins.
Collapse
|
11
|
Rabenold D. A scratch by any other name: A comment on Lucas et al.'s reply to "Scratching the surface: A critique of Lucas et al. (2013)'s conclusion that phytoliths do not abrade enamel" [J. Hum. Evol. 74 (2016) 130-133]. J Hum Evol 2016; 102:78-80. [PMID: 27865439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rabenold
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Margherita C, Talamo S, Wiltschke-Schrotta K, Senck S, Oxilia G, Sorrentino R, Mancuso G, Gruppioni G, Lindner R, Hublin JJ, Benazzi S. A reassessment of the presumed Torrener Bärenhöhle's Paleolithic human tooth. J Hum Evol 2016; 93:120-5. [PMID: 26976744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
13
|
Abbassy MA, Watari I, Bakry AS, Hamba H, Hassan AH, Tagami J, Ono T. Diabetes detrimental effects on enamel and dentine formation. J Dent 2015; 43:589-96. [PMID: 25681642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding morphological changes and mineral content of tooth hard tissues may influence dental treatment. In this study, the effect of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) on tooth structure was examined. METHODS Experimental T1DM was induced in 3-week old male Wistar rats (n=10) by a single dose of 60mg/kg body weight of Streprozotocin. All rats were injected with calcein twice during the experiment and sacrificed at the age of 7 weeks old. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was used to determine the mineral density and thickness of enamel and dentine. Also, a histomorphometery study was conducted to detect the rates of dentine mineral apposition and formation. The examined area was in the crown analogue of the rat mandibular incisor parallel to the long axis of the mesial surface of the first molar. All results were compared using Students' t-test (p<0.05). RESULTS Results showed that the enamel and dentine thickness were significantly reduced (hypoplasia) and there was a significant reduction of the rate of dentine mineral apposition and formation, while there was no significant effect of the T1DM condition on the mineral density of enamel and dentine. CONCLUSIONS T1DM has a detrimental influence on the formation of enamel and dentine in the early growth stage. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE T1DM condition may alter treatment planning of orthodontic treatment as it is associated with decreased enamel and dentin thickness that may affect teeth size and their resistance to caries.
Collapse
|