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Bule P, Kadkanje P, Kshirsagar R, Puppala ER, Naidu VGM, Chella N. Formulation characterization of lecithin organogel as topical drug delivery system for psoriasis: In-vitro permeation and preclinical evaluation. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22191. [PMID: 38685610 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory and proliferative skin disease that causes pathological skin changes and has a substantial impact on the quality of patient life. Apremilast was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as an oral medication for psoriasis and is beneficial in mild to moderate conditions for chronic usage. However, 5%-7% of withdrawals were reported due to severe side effects. To address the issue, a localized drug delivery strategy via the topical route may be a viable approach. However, poor physicochemical properties make it vulnerable to passing through the skin, requiring a specialized drug delivery system to demonstrate its full potential via a topical route like lecithin organogel. The formulation was optimized by screening the suitable lecithin type and non-polar solvents based on the gel formation ability of lecithin and the solubility of apremilast in the solvent. The pseudo-ternary diagram was used to optimize the water content required to form the gel. The optimized gel was found to be shear thinning characterized for rheological parameters, in-vitro diffusion studies, and in-vitro skin distribution studies. Preclinical studies in Imiquimod-induced mice showed a better reduction in severity index, cytokine levels, and epidermal hyperplasia from the lecithin organogel group compared to the apremilast oral administration and marketed standard topical gel group. Based on these results, lecithin organogel can be considered a promising approach to deliver molecules like apremilast by topical route in psoriatic-like conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta Bule
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Prashant Kadkanje
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ravikiran Kshirsagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Eswara Rao Puppala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Vegi Ganga Modi Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Naveen Chella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
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Salem MB, El-Lakkany NM, Seif el-Din SH, Hammam OA, Samir S. Diosmin alleviates ulcerative colitis in mice by increasing Akkermansia muciniphila abundance, improving intestinal barrier function, and modulating the NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27527. [PMID: 38500992 PMCID: PMC10945203 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a common type of inflammatory bowel disease that affects millions of individuals around the world. Traditional UC treatment has focused on suppressing immune responses rather than treating the underlying causes of UC, which include oxidative stress, inflammation, and microbiota dysbiosis. Diosmin (DIO), a naturally occurring flavonoid, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of DIO in treating dextran-sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, and to investigate some of its underlying mechanisms, with an emphasis on Akkermansia muciniphila abundance, inflammatory markers, and intestinal barrier function. C57BL/6 mice were given 4% (w/v) DSS to induce colitis. DSS-induced mice were administered DIO (100 and 200 mg/kg) or sulfasalazine orally for 7 days. Every day, the disease activity index (DAI) was determined by recording body weight, diarrhea, and bloody stool. Changes in fecal A. muciniphila abundance, colonic MUC1 and MUC2 expression, as well as oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were all assessed. Histopathological changes, colonic PIK3PR3 and ZO-1 levels, and immunohistochemical examinations of occludin and claudin-1, were investigated. DIO administration resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in DAI, as well as increase in A. muciniphila abundance and MUC2 expression while decreasing MUC1 expression. DIO also dramatically reduced colonic oxidative stress and inflammation by regulating the NF-κB and Nrf2 cascades, restored intestinal barrier integrity by inhibiting PIK3R3 and inducing ZO-1, and improved occludin/claudin-1 gene expression and immunostaining. This study provides the first evidence that DIO preserves intestinal barrier integrity and increases A. muciniphila abundance in DSS-induced colitis. However, more research is required to explore the impact of DIO on the overall composition and diversity of the gut microbiota. Likewise, it will be important to fully understand the molecular mechanisms by which A. muciniphila maintains intestinal barrier function and its potential use as an adjuvant in the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Badr Salem
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Mohamed El-Lakkany
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Sayed Hassan Seif el-Din
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Olfat Ali Hammam
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Safia Samir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt
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Prakash AN, Prasad N, Puppala ER, Panda SR, Jain S, Ravichandiran V, Singh M, Naidu VGM. Loganic acid protects against ulcerative colitis by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB mediated inflammation and activating the SIRT1/Nrf2 anti-oxidant responses in-vitro and in-vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110585. [PMID: 37421777 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic, chronic disorder of the intestines characterized by excessive inflammation and oxidative stress. Loganic acid (LA) is an iridoid glycoside reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the beneficial effects of LA on UC are unexplored yet. Thus, this study aims to explore the potential protective effects of LA and its possible mechanisms. In-vitro models were employed using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, and Caco-2 cells, whereas an in-vivo model of ulcerative colitis was employed using 2.5% DSS in BALB/c mice. Results indicated that LA significantly suppressed the intracellular ROS levels and inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB in both RAW 264.7 and Caco-2 cells, contrarily LA activated the Nrf2 pathway in RAW 264.7 cells. In DSS-induced colitis mice, LA significantly alleviated the inflammation and colonic damage by decreasing the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ), oxidative stress markers (MDA, and NO), and also expression levels of various inflammatory proteins (TLR4 and NF-кB) which was evidenced by immunoblotting. On the contrary, the release of GSH, SOD, HO-1, and Nrf2 were profoundly increased upon LA treatment.Subsequently, molecular docking studies showed that LA interacts with active site regions of target proteins (TLR4, NF-κB, SIRT1, and Nrf2) through hydrogen bonding and salt bridge interaction. The current findings demonstrated that LA could exhibit a protective effect in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects via inactivating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and activating the SIRT1/Nrf2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun N Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Neethu Prasad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Eswara Rao Puppala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Samir Ranjan Panda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Siddhi Jain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Meenakshi Singh
- Centre for GMP Extraction Facility, Sponsored by Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam 781101, India.
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam 781101, India; Centre for GMP Extraction Facility, Sponsored by Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam 781101, India.
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Zhao J, Wu R, Wei P, Ma Z, Pei H, Hu J, Wen F, Wan L. Ethanol extract of Piper wallichii ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice: Involvement of TLR4/NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116293. [PMID: 36806346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Piper wallichii (family: Piperaceae), a folk herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic properties, has been traditionally used to treat rheumatic arthralgia, lumbocrural pain, gastrointestinal flatulence, and other intestinal diseases in China, Thailand, and India. However, there is no scientific report on the efficacy and potential mechanisms of Piper wallichii for ulcerative colitis (UC). AIM OF THE STUDY The study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect and possible molecular mechanisms of the ethanol extract of Piper wallichii (EEPW) on DSS-induced UC in BALB/c mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The main components in EEPW were characterized by UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS. Subsequently, the anti-inflammatory effect of EEPW in vitro was preliminarily evaluated in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS. UC model mice were triggered by free access to 4% DSS aqueous solution for 12 consecutive days, and simultaneously, EEPW (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) and tofacitinib (positive control, 30 mg/kg) were orally administrated, respectively. The therapeutic efficacy of EEPW on UC was assessed by body weight, DAI, colon length, and pathological morphology. Besides, we investigated the effects of EEPW on intestinal barrier function, inflammatory factors, and immune systems of UC mice through immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry, and other techniques. Moreover, the expression of related proteins in the TLR4/NF-κB/COX-2 pathway was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS A total of 14 components were identified in the positive and negative modes, including isofutoquinol A (11), hancinone C (12), and futoquinol (14) which characterized by references. In the RAW264.7 cells experiments, the extract significantly suppressed the levels of TNF-α and IL-6. More importantly, EEPW distinctly improved the symptoms of DSS-induced UC mice as reflected by a significant recovery from body weight, colon length, pathological injuries of the colon, and so on. Further research found that EEPW remarkably restored the levels of occludin, promoted proliferation, and inhibited apoptosis in colon to maintain the integrity of intestinal barrier. In addition, the down-regulation of TNF-α and IL-1β in colon, Th1 and Th17 cells in spleen, as well as the up-regulation of IL-10 in colon and Th2 cells in spleen were distinctly observed in EEPW-treated groups. Furthermore, the protein expression of TLR4, p-IκB-α, p-p65, and COX-2 were significantly inhibited by EEPW. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed for the first time that EEPW effectively ameliorated DSS-induced UC in mice, which might be related to improving intestinal barrier function, maintaining the levels of inflammatory factors, and regulating the immune system. In addition, we found that the anti-inflammatory effect of EEPW on UC mice was involved in the TLR4/NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathway. In conclusion, Piper wallichii can be used as a candidate for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Panhong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ziyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Heying Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Feiyan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Li Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Syamprasad NP, Rajdev B, Jain S, Panda SR, Puppala ER, Chaudhari P, Vaidya JR, Kumar GJ, Naidu VGM. Pivotal role of AKR1B1 in pathogenesis of colitis associated colorectal carcinogenesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110145. [PMID: 37044030 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the target linking inflammation and oxidative stress to aggravate the disease progression will help to prevent colitis associated carcinogenesis. Since AKR1B1 overexpression is observed in inflammatory diseases and various cancers, we have investigated the role of AKR1B1 in colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis with the aid of epalrestat and its potent analogue NARI-29 (investigational molecule) as pharmacological probes. A TNF-α inducible NF-κB reporter cell line (GloResponse™ NF-κB-RE-luc2P HEK293) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and 1,2 dimethyl hydrazine (DMH))-induced mouse model was used to investigate our hypothesis in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, an increased expression of AKR1B1 was observed in patients with ulcerative colitis. Our in vitro and in vivo findings suggest that the AKR1B1 modulated inflammation and ROS generation for the progression of colitis to colon cancer. AKR1B1 overexpression was observed in DSS + DMH-treated mice colons. Moreover, we could observe histopathological changes like immune cell infiltration, aberrant crypt foci, and tumour formation in DC groups. Mechanistically, we have witnessed modulation of the IKK/IκB/NF-κB and Akt/FOXO-3a/DR axis, increased inflammatory cytokines, increased expression of proliferative markers, Ki-67 and PCNA, and accumulation of β-catenin in the colon epithelium. However, pharmacological inhibition of AKR1B1 using NARI-29 or EPS has reversed the clinical, histopathological, and molecular alterations induced by DSS + DMH, confirming the obvious role of AKR1B1 in the promotion of colitis-associated carcinogenesis. In conclusion, our findings suggest that AKR1B1 targeted therapy could be a promising strategy for preventing CA-CRC and NARI-29 could be developed as a potent AKR1B1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Syamprasad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila village, Changsari, Assam 781101, India
| | - Bishal Rajdev
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila village, Changsari, Assam 781101, India
| | - Siddhi Jain
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila village, Changsari, Assam 781101, India
| | - Samir Ranjan Panda
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila village, Changsari, Assam 781101, India
| | - Eswara Rao Puppala
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila village, Changsari, Assam 781101, India
| | - Pradip Chaudhari
- Advance Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, (ACTREC), Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - Jayathirtha Rao Vaidya
- Fluoro Agro Chemicals Department and AcSIR-Ghaziabad, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Gangasani Jagadeesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila village, Changsari, Assam 781101, India.
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Sila village, Changsari, Assam 781101, India.
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Np S, Rajdev B, Jain S, Gangasani JK, Vaidya JR, Naidu V. Molecular dissection of anti-colon cancer activity of NARI-29: special focus on H 2O 2 modulated NF-κB and death receptor signaling. Free Radic Res 2023; 57:308-324. [PMID: 37523668 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2243029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence attributes the role of aldose reductase (AR) in modulating ROS and inflammation which are the main factor responsible for cancer progression and drug resistance. Epalrestat is the only AR inhibitor being used in Asian countries. It did not make it to the markets of the USA and Europe due to marginal efficacy as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent owing to difficulty reaching intracellular targets. In our previous studies, we attempted to synthesize the epalrestat analogs and reported that the compound 4-((Z)-5-((Z)-2-Cyano-3-phenylallylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl) benzoic acid named as NARI-29 has potent AR inhibition compared to epalrestat. In the current study, we aimed to find the effect of NARI-29 on ROS-induced cancer progression and TRAIL resistance in colon cancer in vitro models. In the first part of the study, we demonstrated that the NARI-29 has specific AKR1B1 inhibition and superior drug-like properties than epalrestat using bioinformatics tools. In the second part of the study, it was proven that NARI-29 has induced the hydrogen peroxide-triggered TRAIL-induced apoptosis in the colon cancer cells via modulating the AKR1B1/4HNE/FOXO3a/DR axis. The selective cytotoxicity of NARI-29 (10-fold) compared to epalrestat (4-fold) toward cancer cells is due to its differential ROS regulation and anti-inflammatory activities. Altogether, these data show that NARI-29 may be a potential candidate for AR inhibitors, which will be used to prevent colon cancer progression and as adjuvant therapy for preventing TRAIL resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syamprasad Np
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Changsari, Assam, India
| | - Bishal Rajdev
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Changsari, Assam, India
| | - Siddhi Jain
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Changsari, Assam, India
| | - Jagadeesh Kumar Gangasani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Changsari, Assam, India
| | - Jayathirtha Rao Vaidya
- Fluoro Agro Chemicals Department and AcSIR-Ghaziabad, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vgm Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Changsari, Assam, India
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7
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Zhou Y, Chen S, Dai Y, Wu L, Jin M, Zhao J, Li Y, Tang L. Sinomenine attenuated dextran sulfate sodium-induced inflammatory responses by promoting 14-3-3θ protein and inhibiting NF-κB signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:116037. [PMID: 36526094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The rhizome of Chinese medical plant QingTeng (scientific name: Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. et Wils.) is widely used by traditional medical doctors for anti-inflammation and immunoregulatory in China and other Asian countries. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects and possible mechanisms of sinomenine resistance against DSS-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The UC model was induced by treating female mice with 3% DSS in vivo and human colonic epithelial cells (Hcoepic) with 0.8 mg/ml DSS in vitro. The mice and Hcoepic were then treated with sinomenine. Inflammatory factors were detected using ELISA and qRT-PCR. Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65 and 14-3-3θ were analyzed by bioinformatic analysis and verified by western blotting, immunofluorescent staining or immunohistochemistry. RESULTS DSS-induced Hcoepic underwent high inflammation and oxidative stress conditions, whereas sinomenine reduced the uncontrolled immune microenvironment by suppressing NF-κB signaling and targeting 14-3-3θ. Knockdown of 14-3-3θ decreased the protective effect of sinomenine against DSS-induced inflammation in vitro. Moreover, sinomenine promoted 14-3-3θ protein expression and inhibited NF-κB p65 signaling in DSS-induced mice. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that 14-3-3θ plays an important role in sinomenine against DSS treatment, and sinomenine could be considered a potential drug for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Central Laboratory, The Affliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liunan Wu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Jin
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Central Laboratory, The Affliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Li
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Liming Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Neuroprotection by Skimmianine in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated BV-2 Microglia. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031317. [PMID: 36770987 PMCID: PMC9920223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Skimmianine is a furoquinoline alkaloid which is found in the Zanthoxylum genus and also in other plants of the Rutaceae family. This study evaluated the effects of skimmianine on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS-activated BV-2 microglia. Cultured BV-2 cells were treated with skimmianine (10, 20 and 30 μM), followed by stimulation with LPS (100 ng/mL). Levels of TNFα and IL-6 in cell supernatants were measured using ELISA, while NO and PGE2 levels were evaluated with Griess assay and EIA, respectively. Western blotting was used to determine the protein expression of iNOS, COX-2, phospho-p65 and phospho-IκBα. Results showed that Skimmianine reduced LPS-induced elevated the secretion of TNFα, IL-6, NO, and PGE2, as well as the increased protein expression of iNOS and COX-2. Experiments to elucidate the mechanisms of the anti-neuroinflammatory activity of skimmianine revealed the significant inhibition of LPS-induced increased NF-κB-mediated luciferase activity. Pre-treatment with skimmianine also reduced LPS-induced the increased phosphorylation of NF-κB/p65 and IκBα proteins. Furthermore, skimmianine interfered with the binding capacity of NF-κB to consensus sites. Skimmianine pre-treatment protected HT-22 cells from toxicity induced by microglia-conditioned media, as well as increasing MAP-2 expression. The results of this study suggest that skimmianine inhibits neuroinflammation in LPS-activated microglia by targeting the NF-κB activation pathway. Skimmianine also produced neuroprotection against neurotoxicity induced by microglia-conditioned media.
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Puppala ER, Yalamarthi SS, Aochenlar SL, Prasad N, Syamprasad NP, Singh M, Nanjappan SK, Ravichandiran V, Tripathi DM, Gangasani JK, Naidu VGM. Mesua assamica (King&Prain) kosterm. Bark ethanolic extract attenuates chronic restraint stress aggravated DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice via inhibition of NF-κB/STAT3 and activation of HO-1/Nrf2/SIRT1 signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115765. [PMID: 36195303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mesua Assamica (King & prain) Kosterm. (MA) is an evergreen endemic medicinal tree available in Assam in India and other parts of south Asia. The bark of the plant is traditionally used for ant-malarial activity and treating fevers. It was reported to have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer and anti-malarial properties, but no research findings have been reported about its protective activity on intestinal inflammatory disorders like ulcerative colitis (UC) yet. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the current study is to evaluate the anti-ulcerative property of ethanolic extract of MA (MAE) in-vitro on GloResponse™ NF-кB-RE-luc2P HEK 293 cells for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and in-vivo chronic restraint stress aggravated dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical constituents of MAE were identified by LC-MS/MS. The in-vitro effects of MAE on GloResponse™ NF-кB-RE-luc2P HEK 293 cells stimulated with TNF-α 30 ng/ml were investigated for its potential therapeutic effects. Parameters such as body weights, behavioural, colonoscopy, colon lengths and spleen weights were measured and recorded in chronic restraint stress aggravated DSS-induced UC model in C57BL/6 mice. Histological, cytokines and immunoblotting analysis in the colon tissues were determined to prove its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. RESULTS MAE poses significant anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in-vitro in GloResponse™ NF-кB-RE-luc2P HEK 293 cells evidenced by DCFDA and immunoflourescence assay. MAE treatment at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days has reduced Disease activity Index (DAI), splenomegaly and improved the shortened colon length and sucrose preference in mice. MAE treatment has increased the levels of anti-oxidants like GSH and reduced the levels of MDA, MPO and nitrite levels in colon tissues. Moreover, MAE has ameliorated neutrophil accumulation, mucosal and submucosal inflammation and crypt density evidenced by histopathology. Furthermore, MAE treatment significantly reduced the increased pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. we found from immunoblotting that there is a concomitant decrease in protein expression of NF-κB, STAT3 signalling cascades and phosphorylation of IKBα with an increase in Nrf2, SOD2, HO-1 and SIRT1 in colon tissues. In addition, we have performed molecular docking studies confirming that phytochemicals present in the MAE have a stronger binding ability and druggability to the NF-κB, Nrf2 and SIRT1 proteins. CONCLUSIONS MAE exhibited significant anti-colitis activity on chronic restraint stress aggravated DSS-induced ulcerative colitis via regulating NF-κB/STAT3 and HO-1/Nrf2/SIRT1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eswara Rao Puppala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Sai Sudha Yalamarthi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Sunepjungla L Aochenlar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Neethu Prasad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - N P Syamprasad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Meenakshi Singh
- Centre for GMP Extraction Facility, Sponsored by Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Satheesh Kumar Nanjappan
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Dinesh Mani Tripathi
- Liver Physiology & Vascular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Jagadeesh Kumar Gangasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India.
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India.
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Puppala ER, Aochenlar SL, Shantanu PA, Ahmed S, Jannu AK, Jala A, Yalamarthi SS, Borkar RM, Tripathi DM, Naidu VGM. Perillyl alcohol attenuates chronic restraint stress aggravated dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis by modulating TLR4/NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154415. [PMID: 36070663 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory immune bowel disease. The modernization of lifestyle accompanied by the stress to cope with the competition has resulted in a new range of complications where stress became a critical contributing factor for many diseases, including UC. Hence there is an urgent need to develop a dual role in curtailing both systemic and neuroinflammation. Perillyl alcohol (POH) is a natural essential oil found in lavender, peppermint, cherries etc and has been widely studied for its strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-stress properties. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE POH regulates the various inflammatory signaling cascades involved in chronic inflammation by inhibiting farnesyltransferase enzyme. Several studies reported that POH could inhibit the phosphorylation of NF-κB, STAT3 and promote the endogenous antioxidant enzymes like Nrf2 via farnesyltransferase enzyme inhibition. Also, the effects of POH against UC is not known yet. Thus, this study aims to explore the anti-ulcerative properties of POH on stress aggravated ulcerative colitis in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS Ulcerative colitis was induced by duel exposure of chronic restraint stress (day 1 to day 28) and 2.5% dextran sulphate sodium (day8 to day14) in mice. POH treatment 100 and 200 mg/kg was administred from day14 ti day28 following oral route of administration. Disease activity index, colonoscopy, western blot analysis and histological analysis, neurotransmitter analysis and Gene expression studies were perofomerd to asses the anti-colitis effects of POH. RESULTS The treatment reversed the oxidative stress and inflammatory response by inhibiting TLR4/NF-kB pathway, and IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway in both isolated mice colons and brains. The inhibition of these pathways resulted in a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. The treatment improved the physiological and histological changes with decreased ulcerations as examined by colonic endoscopy and Haematoxylin and Eosin staining. The treatment also improved the behavior response as it increased mobility time which was reduced by chronic restrained stress. This was due to increased satiety neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin and decreased cortisol in mice brains. CONCLUSION These results infer that POH has significant anti-colitis activity on chronic restraint stress aggravated DSS-induced UC in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eswara Rao Puppala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Sunepjungla L Aochenlar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - P A Shantanu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Sahabuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Arun Kumar Jannu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Aishwarya Jala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Sai Sudha Yalamarthi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Roshan M Borkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Dinesh Mani Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary sciences (ILBS), New Delhi, Delhi 110070
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101.
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11
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Puppala ER, Jain S, Saha P, Rachamalla M, Np S, Yalamarthi SS, Abubakar M, Chaudhary A, Chamundeswari D, Usn M, Gangasani JK, Naidu VGM. Perillyl alcohol attenuates rheumatoid arthritis via regulating TLR4/NF-κB and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathways: A comprehensive study onin-vitro and in-vivo experimental models. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 97:153926. [PMID: 35030388 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic and idiopathic autoimmune disorder. Perillyl alcohol (POH) is a monoterpene which can be extracted from widely available essential oils and is known for its strong anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE Recent studies have been proven that inhibitors of farnesyltransferase enzyme showed significant anti-arthritic activity. POH is one such natural molecule having anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties by inhibiting farnesyltransferase enzyme which further down regulates NF-κB and Nrf2 via Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway. Also, the effect of POH against rheumatoid arthritis is not known yet. Hence, the present research was intended to assess the anti-arthritic potential of POH in-vitro and in-vivo. METHODS The in-vitro effects of POH on RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with LPS 1 µg/ml were investigated to its potential therapeutic effects. CFA 100 µl was intradermally administered to rats for the induction of arthritis. POH 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg administered topically from day 1 to day 28. Paw volumes measured, radiography analysis, anti-oxidant status, Gene expression studies, western blot analysis and histological analysis were performed to check the effects of POH. RESULTS Our in-vitro findings suggested that POH inhibits inflammation by suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS), NF-кB and Nrf2 signaling axis. Besides this, POH also rescinded the nitrate levels, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels like IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α also PGE2 and COX-2 levels induced by LPS in murine macrophages. Additionally, our in-vivo results revealed that POH conscientiously alleviated CFA induced inflammation by restoring arthritis index, body weight, nitrosative, lipid peroxidation assays. Macroscopically through measuring paw volumes and X-ray, it was evidenced that POH has decreased inflammation and bone erosion. Not only in-vitro but also in-vivo, POH has abridged cytokine levels IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Histopathological evaluation presented POH treatment alleviated joint inflammation, pannus formation, and bone erosion significantly. Moreover, POH suppressed the protein expression of NF-кB, COX-2, iNOS and improved Nrf2, and SOD2 levels in paw tissues estimated by western blotting. CONCLUSION POH was effective in ameliorating LPS stimulation mediated oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells in-vitro and FCA induced arthritis in rats in-vivo through its anti-inflammatory effects via regulating TLR4/NF-κB and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathways..
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Affiliation(s)
- Eswara Rao Puppala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxiclology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Siddhi Jain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxiclology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Pritam Saha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxiclology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Mahesh Rachamalla
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Syamprasad Np
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxiclology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Sai Sudha Yalamarthi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxiclology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Md Abubakar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxiclology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Antra Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxiclology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - D Chamundeswari
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - Murty Usn
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Jagadeesh Kumar Gangasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxiclology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxiclology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101.
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12
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Sudha Yalamarthi S, Puppala ER, Abubakar M, Saha P, Challa VS, Np S, Usn M, Gangasani JK, Naidu VGM. Perillyl alcohol inhibits keratinocyte proliferation and attenuates imiquimod-induced psoriasis like skin-inflammation by modulating NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 103:108436. [PMID: 34929480 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory and proliferative skin disease characterized by pathological skin lesions which significantly impact the quality of life. Recent studies have been proven that inhibitors of farnesyltransferase enzyme showed significant anti-psoriatic activity. Perillyl alcohol (POH) is one such natural molecule having anti proliferative, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties by inhibiting farnesyltransferase enzyme which further down regulates NF-κB and STAT3 via Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway. Hence, in the current study we aimed to find the effect of POH on human keratinocytes (HaCat) cells in in-vitro and IMQ induced psoriatic like skin inflammation model in mice. POH significantly decreased the intracellular ROS levels and inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB and STAT3 in in-vitro. It was found that POH (200 mg/kg, topical application) has reduced the epidermal hyperplasia, psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scoring; splenomegaly in imiquimod (IMQ) induced psoriatic mice. Further, POH treatment has decreased the pro-inflammatory serum cytokine levels such as IL-6, IL-12/23, TNF-α and IL-1β and also reduced the expression levels of various inflammatory proteins, COX-2, iNOS, IL-17A, IL-22, NF-кB and STAT3 evidenced by Immunoblotting studies from skin samples. The levels of endogenous antioxidants like glutathione GSH, SOD, Nrf2 were restored to normal levels upon POH treatment. POH downregulated the proteins levels of TLR7, TLR8, CyclinD1 and mRNA expression of Bcl-2 in the skin samples when compared to the IMQ group. POH has ameliorated the hyper-keratosis and acanthosis which was evidenced by histopathology. Collectively, our results suggest that POH has a promising therapeutic application for ameliorating psoriasis-like skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sudha Yalamarthi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Eswara Rao Puppala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Md Abubakar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Pritam Saha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Veerabhadra Swamy Challa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Syamprasad Np
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Murty Usn
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Jagadeesh Kumar Gangasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India.
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India.
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13
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Kwatra M, Ahmed S, Gangipangi VK, Panda SR, Gupta N, Shantanu PA, Gawali B, Naidu VGM. Lipopolysaccharide exacerbates chronic restraint stress-induced neurobehavioral deficits: Mechanisms by redox imbalance, ASK1-related apoptosis, autophagic dysregulation. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 144:462-482. [PMID: 34768069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the foremost leading psychiatric illness prevailing around the globe. It usually exists along with anxiety and other clinical conditions (cardiovascular, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious diseases). Chronic restraint stress (RS) and LPS-induce neurobehavioral alterations in rodent models however their interaction studies in association with the pathogenesis of MDD are still unclear. Therefore, the current study was aimed to investigate the LPS influence on chronic RS mediated redox imbalance, apoptosis, and autophagic dysregulation in the hippocampus (HIP) and frontal cortex (FC) of mice brain. Male Balb/c mice were exposed to 28 days consecutive stress (6h/day) with a single-dose LPS challenge (0.83 mg/kg, i.p.) on the last day (Day 28). In addition, we also carried out separate study to understand physiological relevance, where we used the DSS (dextran sulfate sodium), a water soluble polysaccharide (negatively charged) and studied its influence on RS induced neurobehavioral and certain neurochemical anomalies. The obtained results in RS and RS + LPS animal groups showed significant immune dysfunction, depleted monoamines, lowered ATP & NAD level, elevated serum CORT level, serum and brain tissues IL-1β/TNF-α/IL-6, SOD activity but reduced CAT activity. Furthermore, the redox perturbation was found where significantly upregulated P-NFκB p65, Keap-1, Prx-SO3 and downregulated Nrf2, Srx1, Prx2 protein expression was seen in RS + LPS mice. The apoptosis signaling (P-ASK1, P-p38 MAPK, P-SAPK/JNK, cleaved PARP, cleaved Caspase-3, Cyto-C), autophagic impairment (p62, LC3II/I) were noticed in HIP and FC of RS and RS + LPS grouped animals. Our new findings provide a complex interplay of chemical (LPS) and physical (RS) stressors where both single dose LPS challenge and 3% DSS in drinking water (for 7 days) exaggerated chronic RS-induced inflammation, lowered redox status, increased apoptosis and dysregulated autophagy leading drastic neurobehavioral alterations in the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kwatra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Sahabuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Vijaya Kumar Gangipangi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Samir Ranjan Panda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Nitika Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam, 781101, India
| | - P A Shantanu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Basveshwar Gawali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam, 781101, India
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam, 781101, India.
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Zhou Z, Cao J, Liu X, Li M. Evidence for the butyrate metabolism as key pathway improving ulcerative colitis in both pediatric and adult patients. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8309-8324. [PMID: 34592880 PMCID: PMC8806981 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1985815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown many similarities and differences of gene profiles and pathways between pediatric and adult ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the shared genes and pathways in intestinal tissues of pediatric and adult UC. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between pediatric and adult UC were identified via bioinformatic analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus datasets GSE87473 and GSE126124. Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment were used to analyze overlapped and distinguished DEGs. Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) was utilized for contrast consistency. Mice colitis models were induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and Citrobacter rodentium. 2616 DEGs were screened out in intestinal tissues of adult UC compared with those of adult healthy controls, and 1195 DEGs in pediatrics. Same pathways between pediatric and adult UC were enriched using overlapped DEGs, mainly related to immune responses and metabolic processes, including butyrate metabolism, which was also identified by GSVA analysis. Of note, butyrate metabolism was the exclusive down-regulated pathway enriched by these two analyses, indicating that butyrate metabolism is one of the key pathways associated with both pediatric and adult UC. In addition, butyrate suppressed DSS-induced and Citrobacter rodentium-induced intestinal inflammation in mice. Therefore, the study revealed that butyrate metabolism was critical in both pediatric and adult UC. And butyrate suppressed colitis in mice, which provided a theoretical basis for the potential treatment of butyrate for UC patients. Abbreviations: UC, Ulcerative colitis; IBD, Inflammatory bowel disease; DEGs, Differentially expressed genes; GEO, Gene Expression Omnibus; SVA, Spatial variant apodization; LIMMA, Linear models for the microarray data; FC, Fold change; GO, Gene Ontology; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; GSVA, Gene Set Variation Analysis; MSigDB, Molecular Signatures Database; WT, Wild-type; DSS, Dextran sulfate sodium; HC, Healthy control; SD, Standard deviation; SNHG5, Small nucleolar RNA host gene 5; GLP-2, Glucagon-like peptide 2; GSE, Gene set enrichment; ECM, Extracellular matrix; TCA, Tricarboxylic acid cycle; NA, Not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Jiasheng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310016, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Mingsong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510000, China
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