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Tu C, Zhang M, Wu M, Liu M, Ke W. Main active constituents and mechanism of toxicity of raphides from Arisaema erubescens against Oncomelania hupensis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 282:116728. [PMID: 39029218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
To find a high-efficiency and environment-friendly biogenic molluscicide against Oncomelania hupensis, and prevent aquatic ecosystem from being contaminated by chemical molluscicides and being toxic. We extracted and purified raphides from the tubers of Arisaema erubescent, and determined the active constituents and molluscicidal activity of the raphides, detoxification enzyme activity, and liver damage. The results showed that the raphides had a strong molluscicidal activity. O. hupensis snails were exposed to the lethal concentration (LC50) of 70.95 mg/L and 44.25 mg/L for treatment with raphides for 48 h and 72 h, respectively. The raphides of molluscicidal activity of the main constituents was as follows: intact raphides > calcium oxalate crystals > AEL (Arisaema erubescens Lectin). The activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the snail livers increased significantly at the early stage of treatment (24 h), but decreased sharply in the later stage (120 h), compared with that in the control group. The results indicated that after treatment with 1/2 LC50 raphides for 120 h, the activities of POD, SOD, and CAT in the snail livers decreased by 82.5 %, 62.9 %, and 84.7 %, respectively. In addition, electron micrographs have shown that the raphides were needle-shaped crystals and tended to be sharp at both ends (with a groove down both sides) and some were barbed, which caused damage to the snail livers to different extent. Overall, our results indicate that the mechanism of toxicity of raphides against O. hupensis may be that the calcium oxalate crystals pricked the liver surface of snail and produced mechanical damage; and then the harmful protease AEL in the raphides was injected into the liver, which reduced the activities of detoxification enzymes, produced severe toxic reactions and eventually killed the O. hupensis snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430079, China
| | - Mingjia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Mingyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Minfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wenshan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
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Zhang N, Zhong C, Liu G, Li S, Lin L, Wei N, Song Y, Wan X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wu W, Qian Z, Zhai H. 'Risk-benefit' assessment for comprehensive safety evaluation of Chinese patent medicines containing four common toxic ingredients: an analysis of clinical risk factors. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1324509. [PMID: 39246661 PMCID: PMC11377351 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1324509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese patent medicines are specialty preparations in China that are produced using traditional prescriptions processed by modern pharmaceutical technology. They contain complex ingredients and much attention is paid to their clinical safety. Demonstrating the clinical safety of Chinese patent medicines containing toxic ingredients in modern pharmacological studies has become one of the urgent issues to be solved for the safe use of clinical medicines. Objectives The aim of this research is to evaluate the safety of Chinese patent medicines containing toxic ingredients by applying the risk-benefit assessment method. Additionally, a database of 'toxic ingredients-toxic Chinese herbal medicines-adverse reactions' will be established to explore the relationship between toxic ingredients and adverse reactions. This will lay the foundation for the rational clinical use of Chinese patent medicines containing toxic ingredients. Methods 1) Establish a database of 'toxic Chinese herbal medicines-toxic ingredients-toxic Chinese patent medicines' to count the Chinese patent medicines containing toxic ingredients in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. 2) Filtered the clinical studies, extracted the drug-related ADEs, and analyzed the characteristics and correlations of these ADEs. 3) Finally, this section summarizes the causes of ADEs related to Chinese patent medicines containing toxic ingredients and extracts the main risk factors to provide a reference for further study. Outcomes 1) There are four main types of Chinese patent medicines containing toxic ingredients. These include medicines with diester aconitine metabolites, mineral composition, Araceae metabolites, and hydrogen cyanide. 2) Digestive system, skin and its appendages, and allergic reactions were the main types of ADEs related to four types of Chinese patent medicines containing toxic ingredients. 3) There are four primary risk factors associated with the clinical use of Chinese patent medicines containing toxic ingredients: medicine, medication, individual and regulatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | | | - Guoxiu Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Lin
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Namin Wei
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Song
- Wansheng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wan
- Wansheng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Guizhou, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyan Wang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanlin Wu
- Centre France Chine de la Médecine Chinoise, Seine, France
| | | | - Huaqiang Zhai
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Qin YP, Yang WQ, Liu KD, Xu Y, Dong YY, Fu J, Qu J, Yu SS. A new cytotoxic disaccharide glycoside from the tubers of Arisaema franchetianum. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024; 26:130-138. [PMID: 38217315 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2293080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
A new disaccharide glycoside, franchoside A (1), and 17 known compounds were isolated from the tubers of Arisaema franchetianum Engler. The chemical structure of the previously undescribed compound 1 was elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1, 2, 6, 10, 14 and 18 showed significant cytotoxic activities at varying IC50 values in the range of 4.0-10.6 μM against five cancer cell lines. Compounds 8, 10, 13 and 17 (10 μM) exhibited moderate anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and the release of NO from RAW264.7 macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while compounds 1, 9, 14, 15 and 16 showed weak anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Peng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wan-Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kai-Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying-Ying Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shi-Shan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Wang M, Yang N, Wu X, Zou T, Zheng J, Zhu H, Zhao C, Wang J. Insight into Nephrotoxicity and Processing Mechanism of Arisaema erubescens (Wall.) Schott by Metabolomics and Network Analysis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1831-1846. [PMID: 37360574 PMCID: PMC10289099 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s406551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Arisaematis Rhizome (AR) has been used as a damp-drying, phlegm-resolving, wind-expelling, pain-alleviating, and swelling-relieving drug for thousands of years. However, the toxicity limits its clinical applications. Therefore, AR is usually processed (Paozhi in Chinese) prior to clinical use. In this study, the integration of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/ time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and network analysis was adopted to investigate the metabolic shifts induced by AR and explore the processing mechanism. Materials and Methods Extracts of crude and processed AR products (1g/kg) were intragastrically administered to rats once daily for four consecutive weeks. The renal function was evaluated by blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), super oxide dismutase (SOD), the ratio of glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and histopathological examination. Furthermore, the chemical composition of AR was clarified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/ time-of-flight mass spectrometry, after which the integration of metabolomics and network analysis was adopted to investigate the metabolic shifts induced by AR and explore the processing mechanism. Results Crude AR caused renal damage by stimulating inflammation and oxidative stress, as confirmed by the increased production of IL-1β, TNF-α and MDA, and decreased levels of SOD, GSH/GSSH and GSH-Px. Processing with ginger juice, alumen and bile juice alleviated the damage to kidney. Metabolomics results showed that a total of 35 potential biomarkers enriched in amino acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, fatty acid-related pathways, etc. were deduced to be responsible for the nephrotoxicity of AR and the toxicity-reducing effect of processing. Conclusion This work provided theoretical and data support for the in-depth study of the processing mechanism, showing that processing reduces AR nephrotoxicity through multiple metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaijun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongbo Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, People’s Republic of China
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Shehzadi S, Khan SM, Mustafa G, Abdullah A, Khan I, Ahmad Z, Han H, Yu J, Park J, Raposo A. Antiviral COVID-19 protein and molecular docking: In silico characterization of various antiviral compounds extracted from Arisaema jacquemontii Blume. Front Public Health 2022; 10:964741. [PMID: 36211701 PMCID: PMC9540392 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.964741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Arisaema jacquemontii Blume is a highly medicinal and poisonous plant belong to the family Araceae. It is used to treat several deadly diseases, including viral infections. It has antioxidant, anti-cancerous, antimalarial, anti-vermicidal, and antiviral activities. Therefore, five parts of the Arisaema jacquemontii Blume plant, such as leaf, seed, stem, pulp, and rhizome extract, were evaluated for metabolic and in silico characterization of probable compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. A total of 22 compounds were isolated from the methanolic extracts of A. jacquemontii Blume. A selected antiviral COVID-19 protein i.e., protease (6LU7) was docked against the obtained compounds. Different affinities were obtained through various compounds. The best results were shown by three different compounds identified in the rhizome. The maximum binding affinity of these compounds is 8.1 kJ/mol. Molecular docking (MD) indicate that these molecules have the highest binding energies and hydrogen bonding interactions. The binding mode of interaction was discovered to be reasonably effective for counteracting the SARS virus COVID-19. The findings of this study could be extremely useful in the development of more phytochemical-based COVID-19 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shehzadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shujaul Mulk Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan,Member, Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Mustafa
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Abdullah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ilham Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Heesup Han
| | - Jongsik Yu
- College of Business Division of Tourism and Hotel Management, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Junghyun Park
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal,António Raposo
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Huang X, Jiang H, Liang Q, Ma Y, Wang X. Determination of isoscoparin in mouse blood by UPLC-MS/MS and its pharmacokinetics. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5419. [PMID: 35638105 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to detect isoscoparin in the mouse blood, and the pharmacokinetics of isoscoparin in mice after intravenous (5 mg/kg) and intragastric (20 mg/kg) administration was studied, and the absolute bioavailability was calculated. HSS T3 column was used for separation, and column temperature was set at 40 °C. The mobile phaseswere acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid, and the gradient elution procedure was used. The blood sample was treated by protein precipitant with acetonitrile-methanol (9:1, v/v). Multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) was used for quantitative analysis in electrospray (ESI) positive ion mode. It showed a good linear relationship in the range of 1-4000 ng/ml (r>0.998);the intra-day and inter-day precision was <12%, and the accuracy was 86%-112%. The recovery was >68%, and the matrix effect was 86%~90%. The half-life of isoscoparin was relatively short in mice, and the bioavailability was 2.6%. The developed UPLC-MS/MS method was fast, sensitive, and suitable for the pharmacokinetics ofisoscoparin in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Huang
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haodong Jiang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qishun Liang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yizhe Ma
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xianqin Wang
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Su FZ, Bai CX, Luo Y, Zhang WS, Cui N, Wang YY, Sun YP, Zhu WB, Zhao MY, Yang BY, Kuang HX, Wang QH. Cattle Bile Arisaema Aqueous Extracts Protect Against Febrile Seizures in Rats Through Regulating Neurotransmitters and Suppressing Neuroinflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:889055. [PMID: 35712708 PMCID: PMC9196122 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.889055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle bile Arisaema (CBA) is a traditional medicine used for the treatment of febrile seizures (FS) for thousands of years in China. However, its application is greatly limited due to cost reasons, and pig bile Arisaema (PBA) is the main commercial product instead. Additionally, the underlying mechanism of CBA for the treatment of FS still remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-convulsant effect and potential mechanism of the CBA aqueous extract for the first time through a hot-water bath-induced FS rat model. Our results showed that pre-treatment with CBA dramatically lowered the incidence rate and generation times and prolonged the latency of FS. In addition, CBA effectively ameliorated neuronal damage and regulated neurotransmitter disorder induced by FS in the rat hippocampus. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, immunohistochemical, and qRT-PCR results exhibited that CBA suppressed the expression of GFAP, TLR4, NF-κB, HMGB1, NLRP3, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and consequently inhibited the neuroinflammation induced by FS. Interestingly, although the CBA and PBA aqueous extracts possessed the same trend on the changes caused by FS, the improvement of FS by CBA is markedly better than that by PBA. These findings indicate that CBA exerts a protective effect on febrile seizures through regulating neurotransmitter disorder and suppressing neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Zhi Su
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Chen-Xi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yumeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Wen-Sen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Na Cui
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Wen-Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Ming-Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Hai-Xue Kuang, ; Qiu-Hong Wang,
| | - Qiu-Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hai-Xue Kuang, ; Qiu-Hong Wang,
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