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Liang J, Li YG, Chai YQ, Zhang Y, Gao X, Zhu XH, Sun XZ, Wang WF, Kuang HX, Xia YG. Revealing the "Yin-Jing" mystery veil of Platycodon grandiflorum by potentiating therapeutic effects and lung-oriented guidance property. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117587. [PMID: 38104878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNIC PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: "Yin-Jing" medicine (YJM) has been widely used by both ancient and modern Chinese medicine practitioners during long-term clinical practice. However, it remains unclear how to best guide other medicines to the targeted organs in a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription. Here, in an attempt to explain the scientific connotation of the YJM property (YJMP) attributed to a basic TCM theory, Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) was chosen as a case study to reveal the mystery of YJMP theory. AIM OF THE STUDY The main purpose of this study is to employ modern chemical and molecular biology methods to confirm the "Yin-Jing" effect of PG, and further clarify its material basis and related possible mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ammonia-induced lung injury rat model was utilized to determine the optimal dosage of traditional prescription Hui Yan Zhu Yu decoction (HYZYD) using Wright Giemsa staining, HE staining, Masson staining, and TUNEL analysis. With the same way, PG was confirmed to have potentiating therapeutic effect (PTE) by comparison with HYZYD and [HYZYD-PG]. TMT proteomics was used to reveal the "Yin-Jing" mechanism of action. Western blot assay (WB) was employed for verification of differentially expressed proteins. Additionally, four non-crossing fragmentations (Fr. A-D) were characterized by RPLC/SEC-ELSD and HILIC-ESI--Q-OT-IT-MS techniques. The PTE and guidance property assays were utilized to evaluate "Yin-Jing" functions by a compatible combination of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HYA) using qPCR, FCM, WB, HPLC, high content cell imaging (HCI) and high-resolution live-cell imaging (HRLCI) techniques. RESULTS The HYZYD-M (medium dose group) significantly improved the lung injury level in a pneumonia model of rats. PG enhanced the therapeutic effect of HYZYD ascribed to Yin-Jing PTE functions. TMT proteomics revealed a category of differentially expressed proteins ascribed to Golgi-ER between HYZYD and [HYZYD-PG]. Fr. C (i.e., saponins) and Fr. D (i.e., lipids) were determined as therapeutic fragmentations via the LPS-induced A549 cell injury model; however, Fr. B (fructooligosaccharides and small Mw fructans) had no therapeutic effect. Further compatibility PTE assays confirmed Fr. B significantly improved efficiency by a combination of HYA. The guidance assays showed Fr. B could significantly increase the uptake and distribution of HYA into lung cells and tissues. HCI assays showed that Fr. B increased uptake of HYA accompanied by significant activation of Golgi-ER. Unlike Fr. B, HRLCI showed that Fr. A, C and D were not only unobvious activations of Golgi-ER but also insignificant facilitation of colocalizations between HYA and Golgi-ER. CONCLUSIONS Fr. B is believed to be a key YJMP material basis of PG attributed to Yin-Jing PTE with characteristic of lung-oriented guidance property, whereas another abound Fr. C was determined to have synergistic effects rather than Yin-Jing material basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ya-Ge Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yan-Qun Chai
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xin-Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xi-Zhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wen-Fei Wang
- Bio-pharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yong-Gang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Huan C, Zhang R, Xie L, Wang X, Wang X, Wang X, Yao J, Gao S. Plantago asiatica L. polysaccharides: Physiochemical properties, structural characteristics, biological activity and application prospects: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128990. [PMID: 38158057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Plantago asiatica L. (PAL), a traditional herb, has been used in East Asia for thousands of years. In recent years, polysaccharides extracted from PAL have garnered increased attention due to their outstanding pharmacological and biological properties. Previous research has established that PAL-derived polysaccharides exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antitumor, antimicrobial, immune-regulatory, intestinal health-promoting, antiviral, and other effects. Nevertheless, a comprehensive summary of the research related to Plantago asiatica L. polysaccharides (PALP) has not been reported to date. In this paper, we review the methods for isolation and purification, physiochemical properties, structural features, and biological activities of PALP. To provide a foundation for research and application in the fields of medicine and food, this review also outlines the future development prospects of plantain polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchao Huan
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruizhen Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Xie
- Fujian Yixinbao Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingting Yao
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Song Gao
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Feng S, Wan Q, Wu W, Zhang C, Lu H, Lu X. Effect of gut microbiome regulated Taohong Siwu Decoction metabolism on glioma cell phenotype. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1192589. [PMID: 37342242 PMCID: PMC10277651 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1192589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To establish a new model for exploring the mechanism of the gut microbiome and drug metabolism, we explored whether Taohong Siwu Decoction acts after metabolism by intestinal flora under the premise of clarifying the interaction between intestinal flora and drug metabolism. Methods Taohong Siwu Decoction (TSD) was fed to germ-free mice and conventional mice, respectively. The serum from both groups of mice was removed and co-cultured with glioma cells in vitro. The co-cultured glioma cells were compared separately for changes at the RNA level using RNA-seq technology. The genes of interest in the comparison results were selected for validation. Results The differences in the phenotypic alterations of glioma cells between serum from TSD-fed germ-free mice and normal mice were statistically significant. In vitro experiments showed that Taohong Siwu Decoction-fed normal mouse serum-stimulated glioma cells, which inhibited proliferation and increased autophagy. RNA-seq analysis showed that TSD-fed normal mouse serum could regulate CDC6 pathway activity in glioma cells. The therapeutic effect of TSD is significantly influenced by intestinal flora. Conclusion The treatment of tumors by TSD may be modulated by intestinal flora. We established a new method to quantify the relationship between intestinal flora and the regulation of TSD efficacy through this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyin Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Quan Wan
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Weijiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Institute of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Neurological Institute, Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
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Yang Y, Su W, Zang C, Tan Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Lu W, Wu S, Zhang X, Wu C. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with varied meridians (Gui-Jing) differentially alleviate the adverse impact of Coptis chinensis on gut microbiota. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 307:116256. [PMID: 36791931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The meridian (GuiJing) theory is a unique theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) which has been guiding the clinical practice of TCM for thousands of years, but physiological foundation of TCM's meridian remains to be clarified. Recent investigations have marked gut microbiota as a key mediator for the pharmacological effects of various TCMs. However, most studies focus on the response of gut microbes to a single drug or formula, the interactive effects of different drugs on gut microbiota are scarcely investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY In this work, we evaluated the co-regulatory effects of different TCMs on gut microbiota when they were individually combined with Coptis chinensis (HL), and assessed the relationship between gut microbiota and the GuiJing of TCMs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Normal C57BL/6 mice were gavaged with HL extract for 14 days to disrupt the gut microbial community. Simultaneously, animals were treated with different TCMs which all possess antimicrobial activity but belong to different meridians. The gut microbiota was analyzed by full-length 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to get a thorough bacterial profile at the species level. RESULTS Administration of HL dramatically disrupted the gut microbiota and decreased the alpha diversity. Co-administration of different TCMs alleviated the adverse impact of HL on gut microbiota in a meridian-dependent manner. TCMs belonging to Shaoyin meridian moderately shifted the gut microbiota, while TCMs belonging to Taiyin and especially Jueyin meridians remarkably recovered the gut microbial community to the normal status. Decreased Firmicutes (Clostridia and Bacilli) and Actinobacteria (Bifidobacteriales) and increased Proteobacteria (Enterobacteriaceae) were main features of HL-induced gut dysbiosis. TCMs belonging to Shaoyin, Taiyin and Jueyin meridians gradually reversed the abundance of these bacteria to their normal levels. Simultaneously, the promoting effect of HL on beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Blautia coccoides was substantially preserved when co-administration of these TCMs, suggesting that co-treatment with these TCMs may reduce the toxicity of HL without deteriorating its beneficial effects. CONCLUSION Combination of special TCMs may alleviate the adverse effect of HL on gut microbiota while preserving its beneficial actions. Gut microbiota may be a potential biological indicator of the meridian of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Yang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Wenquan Su
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Chenchen Zang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yinfeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical TCMs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570199, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical TCMs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570199, China.
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Reproductive Medical Center,Hainan Woman and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, 570206, China.
| | - Weiying Lu
- Reproductive Medical Center,Hainan Woman and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, 570206, China.
| | - Shengxian Wu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Xiaopo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical TCMs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570199, China.
| | - Chongming Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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