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Li J, Luo R, Fu Y, Liu S, Dong Q, Sun Y, Tian X, Zhu Y, Wang P, Guo L, Lu Q, Ye C, Fu S, Qiu Y. Baicalin, Amoxicillin, and Probenecid Provide Protection in Mice Against Glaesserella parasuis Challenge. Biomolecules 2025; 15:507. [PMID: 40305201 PMCID: PMC12024593 DOI: 10.3390/biom15040507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2025] [Revised: 03/10/2025] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) causes Glässer's disease and systemic inflammatory responses in the host. The currently available therapies have limited efficacy and fail to achieve a balance between anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of baicalin, amoxicillin, and probenecid on blood biochemical parameters, routine blood indicators, survival rate, bacterial burden, and pathological tissue damage in G. parasuis-challenged mice. Treatment with baicalin, amoxicillin, and probenecid significantly modified the blood biochemical parameters and routine blood test indicators, increased the survival rate, attenuated the bacterial burden, and alleviated pathological tissue damage in G. parasuis-challenged mice. Treatment with baicalin, amoxicillin, and probenecid also increased the number of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, and CD3+CD8+ T cells as measured by flow cytometry, and restored the intensity of the CD3, CD4, and CD8 protein expression in the blood vessels of G. parasuis-challenged mice by immunohistochemistry. These compounds reduced interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-18, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) expression in the spleen of G. parasuis-challenged mice. Furthermore, baicalin, amoxicillin, and probenecid inhibited activation of the family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and apoptosis in the spleen of G. parasuis-challenged mice. This study showed the important roles of baicalin, amoxicillin, and probenecid in the modulation of the inflammatory response of Glässer's disease. The findings might provide new strategies for combination therapy using antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs to control G. parasuis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (Y.F.); (S.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.S.); (X.T.); (Y.Z.); (P.W.); (L.G.); (Q.L.); (C.Y.)
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Ronghui Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (Y.F.); (S.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.S.); (X.T.); (Y.Z.); (P.W.); (L.G.); (Q.L.); (C.Y.)
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yunjian Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (Y.F.); (S.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.S.); (X.T.); (Y.Z.); (P.W.); (L.G.); (Q.L.); (C.Y.)
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (Y.F.); (S.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.S.); (X.T.); (Y.Z.); (P.W.); (L.G.); (Q.L.); (C.Y.)
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Qiaoli Dong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (Y.F.); (S.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.S.); (X.T.); (Y.Z.); (P.W.); (L.G.); (Q.L.); (C.Y.)
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yamin Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (Y.F.); (S.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.S.); (X.T.); (Y.Z.); (P.W.); (L.G.); (Q.L.); (C.Y.)
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xinyue Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (Y.F.); (S.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.S.); (X.T.); (Y.Z.); (P.W.); (L.G.); (Q.L.); (C.Y.)
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (Y.F.); (S.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.S.); (X.T.); (Y.Z.); (P.W.); (L.G.); (Q.L.); (C.Y.)
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Peiyi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (Y.F.); (S.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.S.); (X.T.); (Y.Z.); (P.W.); (L.G.); (Q.L.); (C.Y.)
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (Y.F.); (S.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.S.); (X.T.); (Y.Z.); (P.W.); (L.G.); (Q.L.); (C.Y.)
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Qirong Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (Y.F.); (S.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.S.); (X.T.); (Y.Z.); (P.W.); (L.G.); (Q.L.); (C.Y.)
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Chun Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (Y.F.); (S.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.S.); (X.T.); (Y.Z.); (P.W.); (L.G.); (Q.L.); (C.Y.)
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Shulin Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (Y.F.); (S.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.S.); (X.T.); (Y.Z.); (P.W.); (L.G.); (Q.L.); (C.Y.)
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (Y.F.); (S.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.S.); (X.T.); (Y.Z.); (P.W.); (L.G.); (Q.L.); (C.Y.)
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China
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Li N, Yang M, Feng M, Xu X, Li Y, Zhang Y, Xian CJ, Li T, Zhai Y. Locally Delivered Hydrogel with Sustained Release of Flavonol Compound Kaempferol Mitigates Inflammatory Progression of Periodontitis and Enhances the Gut Microflora Composition in Rats. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2025; 11:1646-1659. [PMID: 39988771 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of a sustained-release composite containing gelatin methacryloyl (Gel) and kaempferol (Ka, K) on experimental periodontitis symptoms in rats. METHODS Forty 6-week-old male rats were randomly assigned to four treatment groups in a specific pathogen-free (SPF) environment: Control group (C), periodontitis model group (M), Gel alone group (G), and Gel_Ka composite-treated group (G_K). Treatment effects on the periodontal status of bilateral maxillary second molars in each rat group were assessed by micro-CT imaging and histology. Immunohistochemistry staining was employed to examine the effects on expression levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and MMP9 (associated with M1 macrophages) and of the anti-inflammatory factor CD206 (associated with M2 macrophages). Additionally, treatment effects on oral and intestinal microbial communities were analyzed through 16S rDNA sequencing. RESULTS Local injection treatment with the G_K composite hydrogel effectively suppressed alveolar bone resorption and reduced periodontal attachment loss and inflammation infiltration in rats with periodontitis. It reduced the expression of inflammatory factors MMP9 and IL-6 but increased the anti-inflammatory factor CD206, and it also increased the abundance of gut microbial communities producing short-chain fatty acids. CONCLUSION Local treatment with the sustained-release G_K hydrogel composite demonstrates a substantial antiperiodontitis effect in rats by locally attenuating inflammation and is associated with enhancing the microbial composition of intestinal flora, thus aiding in mitigating the inflammatory progression of experimental periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningli Li
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Periodontal Tissue Engineering, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Mingzhen Yang
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Periodontal Tissue Engineering, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Miaomiao Feng
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Periodontal Tissue Engineering, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Xiaoran Xu
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Periodontal Tissue Engineering, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Cory J Xian
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tiejun Li
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuankun Zhai
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Periodontal Tissue Engineering, Kaifeng 475000, China
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Li N, Wang B, Yang M, Feng M, Xu X, Xian CJ, Li T, Zhai Y. The Multi-Target Action Mechanism for the Anti-Periodontitis Effect of Astragali radix Based on Bioinformatics Analysis and In Vitro Verification. Nutrients 2025; 17:627. [PMID: 40004956 PMCID: PMC11858088 DOI: 10.3390/nu17040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2025] [Revised: 01/29/2025] [Accepted: 02/07/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Background:Astragali radix is a traditional Chinese medicine with potential therapeutic effects on periodontitis; however, its underlying mechanisms require further investigation. Methods: We employed network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and in vitro experiments to explore the potential actions and mechanisms of Astragali radix in treating periodontitis. Results: A total of 17 compounds (including the most prevalent one, Kaempferol) from Astragali radix and 464 corresponding targets were identified, from which five major active ingredients were selected based on the drug-active ingredient and periodontitis gene network. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis identified the top ten core potential targets, seven of which possess suitable crystal structures for molecular docking. These include interleukin-6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), interleukin-1β (IL1β), prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 (PTGS2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), and caspase-3 (CASP3). Additionally, 58 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 146 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were identified. The five major active ingredients and seven core targets mentioned above were subjected to molecular docking analysis using Discovery Studio 2019 software. Molecular dynamic simulations confirmed a stable interaction between the CASP3 and the Kaempferol ligand system. In vitro experiments indicated that Kaempferol significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced apoptosis in human periodontal ligament stem cells and reduced the expression levels of IL6, CASP3 and MMP9. Conclusions: This study systematically elucidates that the primary active ingredients derived from Astragali radix exert their pharmacological effects (including anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis) primarily by interacting with multiple targets. These findings establish a promising foundation for the targeted application of Astragali radix in the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningli Li
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (N.L.); (M.Y.); (M.F.); (X.X.); (T.L.)
| | - Bowen Wang
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Periodontal Tissue Engineering, Kaifeng 475004, China;
| | - Mingzhen Yang
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (N.L.); (M.Y.); (M.F.); (X.X.); (T.L.)
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Periodontal Tissue Engineering, Kaifeng 475004, China;
| | - Miaomiao Feng
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (N.L.); (M.Y.); (M.F.); (X.X.); (T.L.)
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Periodontal Tissue Engineering, Kaifeng 475004, China;
| | - Xiaoran Xu
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (N.L.); (M.Y.); (M.F.); (X.X.); (T.L.)
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Periodontal Tissue Engineering, Kaifeng 475004, China;
| | - Cory J. Xian
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Tiejun Li
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (N.L.); (M.Y.); (M.F.); (X.X.); (T.L.)
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuankun Zhai
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (N.L.); (M.Y.); (M.F.); (X.X.); (T.L.)
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Periodontal Tissue Engineering, Kaifeng 475004, China;
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Zhang F, Wang F, Zhao L, Wang L, Li W, Huang F, Wang N. Yunvjian decoction attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and pyroptosis. Front Pharmacol 2025; 16:1430536. [PMID: 39925847 PMCID: PMC11802820 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1430536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2025] [Indexed: 02/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction Yunvjian (YNJ) decoction, a classic traditional Chinese medicine prescription for inflammatory diseases, has demonstrated good therapeutic effects in the clinical treatment of pneumonia. The aim of this study was to clarify the effective ingredients and mechanism of action of YNJ on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Methods The effects of YNJ were evaluated in a mouse model of LPS-induced ALI and in LPS-treated MLE-12 murine lung epithelial cells and RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro. The mechanism of action of YNJ on these model systems was studied using RNA sequencing, immunohistochemical analysis, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, ELISA, and polymerase chain reaction assays. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was applied to identify the absorbed components of YNJ. Results YNJ attenuated pulmonary damage in LPS-treated mice, as evidenced by reduced protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, decreased lung wet/dry weight ratio, and improved respiratory function. Analysis of pneumonia-related lung injury samples from patients in the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset GSE40012 indicated that NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-mediated pyroptosis was a primary mechanism in ALI. YNJ reduced the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and decreased the expression levels of lung NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), cleaved caspase-1, and interleukin-1β levels (IL-1β) in vivo. Administration of YNJ-containing mouse serum increased cell viability and decreased malondialdehyde and reactive oxidative species contents in LPS-stimulated MLE-12 cells. YNJ-containing serum also decreased the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, and promoted macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype. A total of 23 absorbed components were identified in YNJ-containing serum. Among those, network analysis and in vitro experiments indicated that diosgenin, timosaponin BII, and mangiferin are anti-inflammatory active substances. Conclusion YNJ attenuates LPS-induced ALI in mice by inhibiting pyroptosis of lung epithelial cells and macrophages via suppression of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. Our findings provide novel insights into the therapeutic effects of YNJ on ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxuan Zhang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lisha Zhao
- Tongde Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leqian Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feihua Huang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Tongde Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nani Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Tongde Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Shan X, Tao W, Li J, Tao W, Li D, Zhou L, Yang X, Dong C, Huang S, Chu X, Zhang C. Kai-Xin-San ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-related neuropathology and cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice via the mitochondrial autophagy-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118145. [PMID: 38582153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is a classic famous prescription that has been utilized for centuries to address dementia. New investigations have shown that the anti-dementia effect of KXS is connected with improved neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism is not well elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY We propose to discover the ameliorative impact of KXS on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its regulatory role on the mitochondrial autophagy-nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Y maze, Morris water maze, and new objection recognition tests were applied to ascertain the spatial learning and memory capacities of amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice after KXS-treatment. Meanwhile, the biochemical indexes of the hippocampus were detected by reagent kits. The pathological alterations and mitochondrial autophagy in the mice' hippocampus were detected utilizing hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, and transmission electron microscopy. Besides, the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways protein expressions were determined employing the immunoblot analysis. RESULTS The results of behavioral tests showed that KXS significantly enhanced the AD mice' spatial learning and memory capacities. Furthermore, KXS reversed the biochemical index levels and reduced amyloid-β protein deposition in AD mice brains. Besides, H&E staining showed that KXS remarkably ameliorated the neuronal damage in AD mice. Concurrently, the results of transmission electron microscopy suggest that KXS ameliorated the mitochondrial damage in microglia and promoted mitochondrial autophagy. Moreover, the immunofluorescence outcomes exhibited that KXS promoted the expression of protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) associated with microtubule and the generation of autophagic flux. Notably, the immunofluorescence co-localization results confirmed the presence of mitochondrial autophagy in microglia. Finally, KXS promoted the protein expressions of the PINK1/Parkin pathway and reduced the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Most importantly, these beneficial effects of KXS were attenuated by the mitochondrial autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. CONCLUSION KXS ameliorates AD-related neuropathology and cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice by enhancing the mitochondrial autophagy and suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Shan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Wenwen Tao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Junying Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Wenkang Tao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China; Hefei Innovation Pharmaceutical Technology Co.ltd., Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Dawei Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China; Hefei Innovation Pharmaceutical Technology Co.ltd., Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Lele Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China; Hefei Innovation Pharmaceutical Technology Co.ltd., Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Xuan Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China; Hefei Innovation Pharmaceutical Technology Co.ltd., Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Chong Dong
- Hefei Innovation Pharmaceutical Technology Co.ltd., Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Shunwang Huang
- Hefei Innovation Pharmaceutical Technology Co.ltd., Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Chu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China.
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