1
|
Di H, Jiang Z, Sun F, Yang J, Cheng W, Lu J, Zhang H, Bai X. Removal of N-nitrosopyrrolidine from GAC by a three-dimensional electrochemical reactor: degradation mechanism and degradation path. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:25952-25963. [PMID: 38492139 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32925-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) produced in the process of drinking water disinfection are widely concerning due to the high cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. It is due to the difficulty of natural degradation of N-DBPs in water and the fact that conventional treatment systems do not effectively treat N-DBPs in drinking water. In this study, N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) in water was electrocatalytically degraded by a three-dimensional electrode reactor (3DER). This system applied graphite plates as anode and cathode. The granular activated carbon (GAC) was used as third electrode. The degradation of NPYR using a continuous flow three-dimensional electrode reactor was investigated by examining the effects of flow rate, current density, electrolyte concentration, and pollutant concentration on the degradation efficiency, energy consumption, and reaction kinetics of GAC particle electrodes. The results showed that the optimal operating conditions were flow rate = 0.45 mL/min, current density = 6 mA/cm2, Na2SO4 concentration = 0.28 mol/L, and NPYR concentration = 20 mg/L. Under optimal conditions, the degradation of NPYR exceeded 58.84%. The main contributor of indirect oxidation was deduced from free radical quenching experiments. NPYR concentration was measured by GC-MS with DB-5 capillary column, operating in full scan monitoring mode for appropriate quantification of NPYR and intermediates. Based on the identification of reaction intermediates, a possible pathway for the electrochemical oxidation of NPYR on GAC particle electrodes was proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Di
- School of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Zhuwu Jiang
- School of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350000, China.
| | - Fengyi Sun
- School of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Jiahan Yang
- School of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- School of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Jiahui Lu
- School of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mussa ZH, Al-Qaim FF. Electrochemical degradation of 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy carbamazepine as the main metabolite of carbamazepine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:50457-50470. [PMID: 36795212 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25907-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
10,11-Dihydro-10-hydroxy carbamazepine has been degraded in deionized water and wastewater samples using an electrochemical process. The anode used in the treatment process was graphite-PVC. Different factors such as initial concentration, NaCl amount, type of matrix, applied voltage, role of H2O2, and pH solution were investigated in the treatment of 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy carbamazepine. From the outcome of the results, it was noticed that the chemical oxidation of the compound followed a pseudo-first-order reaction. The rate constants were ranged between 22 × 10-4 and 483 × 10-4 min-1. After electrochemical degradation of the compound, several by-products were raised, and they were analyzed using an accurate instrument, liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS). In the present study, the treatment of the compound was followed by high energy consumption under 10 V and 0.5 g NaCl, reaching up to 0.65 Wh mg-1 after 50 min. The inhibition of E. coli bacteria after incubation of the treated 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy carbamazepine sample was investigated in terms of toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fouad Fadhil Al-Qaim
- College of Science for Women, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq. .,Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mussa ZH, Al-Qaim FF. Quantification of 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy carbamazepine and 10,11-epoxycarbamazepine as the main by-products in the electrochemical degradation of carbamazepine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62447-62457. [PMID: 35397035 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is one of the most widely used antiepileptic drugs in Malaysia. It was detected frequently in wastewater. The electrochemical treatment process has been applied for the degradation of CBZ using graphite-PVC as an anode under these conditions: 0.5 g sodium chloride (NaCl)) as supporting electrolyte, 5 V and 0-60 min electrolysis time in 100 mL of solution. However, 10,11-dihydro10-hydroxy carbamazepine (HDX-CBZ) and 10,11-epoxycarbamazepine (EPX-CBZ) as the main by-product have been analysed and quantified using liquid chromatography-time of flight/mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS). Both by-products were analysed in positive ionization mode, and they were separated on a chromatographic C18 column (5 μm, 2 mm × 150 mm) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was applied as a pre-concentration step for the enhancement of the sensitivity and detectability for both HDX-CBZ and EPX-CBZ by-products. Methanol (MeOH) has been selected as the best elution solvent for both by-products compared to methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) and acetone (AC). However, the recovery was 85% and 92% for HDX-CBZ and EPX-CBZ by-products, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.588 and 0.109 µg/L for HDX-CBZ and EPX-CBZ by-products, respectively. After 20 min of electrolysis time, both by-products HDX-CBZ and EPX-CBZ appeared at maximum concentrations of 343 and 144 μg/L then they were decreased to 17.2 and 9.8 μg/L, respectively, after 40 min. At the end of electrochemical treatment, both by-products were completely eliminated after 60 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Haider Mussa
- College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Kerbala, Iraq
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fouad Fadhil Al-Qaim
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science for Women, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu D, Lin R, Wu H, Ji J, Wang D, Xue Z, Feng S, Chen X. Green synthesis, characterization of procyanidin-mediated gold nanoparticles and its application in fluorescence detection of prazosin. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
5
|
Mohd Mohsi NF, Apandi A, Megat Mohd Noor MJ, Md Akhir FN, Sugiura N, Utsumi M, Othman N, Zakaria Z, Hara H. Elucidation of prazosin biodegradation by isolated Bacillus spp. from the tropical environment. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2020; 66:8-14. [PMID: 31281138 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Prazosin (PRZ), a drug used to treat hypertensive patients, is an emergent contaminant in water systems. PRZ is an alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker used to treat anxiety, and is believed to reach the environment through human excretion, irresponsible disposal of unused medicine, and waste products from manufacturing plants. The purpose of this research was to isolate and characterize potential microbes for PRZ biodegradation and to identify the degradation pathway. After screening, isolated strain STP3 showed a capability for PRZ degradation and was chosen for further analysis. Resting cell assays with PRZ were conducted to identify the intermediate metabolites formed from biodegradation by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS) analysis. Two metabolites degraded from PRZ by STP3 were successfully found, and as these metabolites are derived from the main structure of PRZ, their presence proved PRZ degradation. Draft genome sequencing analysis of STP3 was performed to identify potential enzymes for PRZ biodegradation based on the metabolites found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur'Aqilah Farhanah Mohd Mohsi
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
| | - Atiqqoh Apandi
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
| | - Megat Johari Megat Mohd Noor
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
| | - Fazrena Nadia Md Akhir
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
| | - Norio Sugiura
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba
| | - Motoo Utsumi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba
| | - Nor'azizi Othman
- Department of Mechanical Precision Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
| | - Zuriati Zakaria
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
| | - Hirofumi Hara
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mussa ZH, Al-Qaim FF, Yuzir A, Latip J. Electro-transformation of mefenamic acid drug: a case study of kinetics, transformation products, and toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:10044-10056. [PMID: 30756352 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Poor removal of many pharmaceuticals and personal care products in sewage treatment plants leads to their discharge into the receiving waters, where they may cause negative effects for aquatic environment and organisms. In this study, electrochemical removal process has been used as alternative method for removal of mefenamic acid (MEF). For our knowledge, removal of MEF using electrochemical process has not been reported yet. Effects of initial concentration of mefenamic acid, sodium chloride (NaCl), and applied voltage were evaluated for improvement of the efficiency of electrochemical treatment process and to understand how much electric energy was consumed in this process. Removal percentage (R%) was ranged between 44 and 97%, depending on the operating parameters except for 0.1 g NaCl which was 9.1%. Consumption energy was 0.224 Wh/mg after 50 min at 2 mg/L of mefenamic acid, 0.5 g NaCl, and 5 V. High consumption energy (0.433 Wh/mg) was observed using high applied voltage of 7 V. Investigation and elucidation of the transformation products were provided by Bruker software dataAnalysis using liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry. Seven chlorinated and two non-chlorinated transformation products were investigated after 20 min of electrochemical treatment. However, all transformation products (TPs) were eliminated after 140 min. For the assessment of the toxicity, it was impacted by the formation of transformation products especially between 20 and 60 min then the inhibition percentage of E. coli bacteria was decreased after 80 min to be the lowest value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Haider Mussa
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fouad Fadhil Al-Qaim
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science for Women, University of Babylon, PO Box 4, Hilla, Iraq.
| | - Ali Yuzir
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jalifah Latip
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|