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Lu M. Is aromatic plants environmental health engineering (APEHE) a leverage point of the earth system? Heliyon 2024; 10:e30322. [PMID: 38756557 PMCID: PMC11096952 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
It is important to note that every ecological niche in an ecosystem is significant. This study aims to assess the importance of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) in the ecosystem from multiple perspectives. A primary model of Aromatic Plants Environmental Health Engineering (APEHE) has been designed and constructed. The APEHE system was used to collect aerosol compounds, and it was experimentally verified that these compounds have the potential to impact human health by binding to AKT1 as the primary target, and MMP9 and TLR4 as secondary targets. These compounds may indirectly affect human immunity by reversing drug resistance in drug-resistant bacteria in the nasal cavity. This is mainly achieved through combined mutations in sdhA, scrA, and PEP. Our findings are based on Network pharmacology and molecular binding, drug-resistance rescue experiments, as well as combined transcriptomics and metabolomics experiments. It is suggested that APEHE may have direct or indirect effects on human health. We demonstrate APEHE's numerous potential benefits, such as attenuation and elimination of airborne microorganisms in the environment, enhancing carbon and nitrogen storage in terrestrial ecosystems, promoting the formation of low-level clouds and strengthening the virtuous cycle of Earth's ecosystems. APEHE also supports the development of transdisciplinary technologies, including terpene energy production. It facilitates the creation of a sustainable circular economy and provides additional economic advantages through urban optimisation, as well as fresh insights into areas such as the habitability of other planets. APEHE has the potential to serve as a leverage point for the Earth system. We have created a new research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- MengYu Lu
- HEFEI XIAODOUKOU HEALTH TECH CO LTD, China
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Oliveira Pereira EA, Labine LM, Kleywegt S, Jobst KJ, Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ. Daphnia magna sub-lethal exposure to phthalate pollutants elicits disruptions in amino acid and energy metabolism. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 257:106432. [PMID: 36841068 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are a class of chemicals that are usually incorporated as additives in the manufacturing of plastics. PAEs are not covalently bound to the material matrix and can, consequently, be leached into the environment. PAEs have been reported to act as endocrine disruptors, neurotoxins, metabolic stressors, and immunotoxins to aquatic organisms but there is a lack of information regarding the impact of sub-lethal concentrations to target organisms. The freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna, a commonly used model organism in aquatic toxicity, was exposed to four phthalate pollutants: dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), monomethyl phthalate (MMP), and monoethyl phthalate (MEP). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed in a targeted metabolomic approach to quantify polar metabolites extracted from a single Daphnia body. Individual metabolite percent changes and hierarchical clustering heatmap analysis showed unique metabolic profiles for each phthalate pollutant. Metabolite percent changes were mostly downregulated or presented opposing responses for the low and high concentrations tested. Meanwhile, pathway analyses suggest the disruption of related and unique pathways, mostly connected with amino acid and energy metabolism. The pathways aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, arginine biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism were disrupted by most selected PAEs. Overall, this study indicates that although phthalate pollutants can elicit distinct metabolic perturbations to each PAE, they still impacted related biochemical pathways. These chemical-class based responses could be associated with a common toxic mechanism of action. The reported findings show how targeted metabolomic approaches can lead to a better understanding of sub-lethal exposure to pollutants, revealing metabolomic endpoints do not hold a close relationship with traditional acute toxicity endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erico A Oliveira Pereira
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Lisa M Labine
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sonya Kleywegt
- Technical Assessment and Standards Development Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, ON M4V 1M2, Canada
| | - Karl J Jobst
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 45 Arctic Ave., St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
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Chen W, Zhao X, Xu W, Hu Y, Hou R, Wang Z. Dimethyl phthalate inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli K-12 by regulating sugar transport and energy metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:13702-13710. [PMID: 36136186 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) is one of the most widely used plasticizers, and it is easily released into the environment, posing a threat to microbes. In this study, the impact of DMP on the uptake and metabolism of sugars in E. coli K-12 was assessed using proteomics, computational simulation analysis, transcriptome analysis, and sugar utilization experiments. DMP contamination inhibited the growth of E. coli K-12 and downregulated the expression of proteins in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and the phosphotransferase (PTS) system of E. coli K-12, which are primarily involved in the transmembrane transport of sugars. DMP formed a stable complex with sugar transporters and changed the rigidity and stability of the proteins. Furthermore, DMP treatment decreased the utilization of L-arabinose, glucose, D-xylose, and maltose. Moreover, carbon metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation were also downregulated by DMP. Our study shows that DMP reduces the uptake of sugars and ATP production and subsequently inhibits the growth of E. coli K-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Chen
- School of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhao
- School of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Weihui Xu
- School of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Yunlong Hu
- School of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Ruixing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- School of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, 161006, China.
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Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Chen X, Li W, Wang L, Li W, Du J, Zhang S. Effects of cinnamon essential oil on the physiological metabolism of Salmonella enteritidis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1035894. [PMID: 36560942 PMCID: PMC9763561 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1035894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Food safety and health are the themes of today's society. As a class of foodborne pathogens, Salmonella enteritidis has become one of the common zoonotic pathogens. Because chemical preservatives have certain harmfulness and have been questioned, it is particularly important to find green and safe natural preservatives. The advantages of plant essential oils (EOs) are that they are green and safe, have a wide range of antibacterials, and are not easy to form drug resistance. In recent years, studies have found that EOs have excellent antibacterial activity, but their antibacterial mechanism has not been conclusive, which has certain limitations in their application in the food field. Cinnamon essential oil (CEO) extracted from dried cinnamon is a secondary metabolite of cells and a very important natural food flavor. More importantly, it is non-toxic to the human body and has been proven to have a good antibacterial effect, but its antibacterial mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, it was of great practical significance to carry out the research on the antibacterial mechanism of CEO on S. enteritidis. In this work, S. enteritidis was used as the test bacteria, and CEO was selected as the antibacterial agent to study the antibacterial mechanisms. By studying the physiological metabolism of S. enteritidis cells by CEO, the influence of CEO on the bacteriostatic mechanism of S. enteritidis was systematically elucidated. The study found that CEO treatment would reduce the activity of bacterial metabolism. It is mainly reflected in the following three aspects: first, the activity of key enzymes in TCA circulation is inhibited, thus affecting the respiration of S. enteritidis. Second, it affects the level of energy metabolism by inhibiting the content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the activity of ATPase. Finally, it can affect the physiological metabolism of bacteria by inhibiting the metabolism of proteins and other substances. Therefore, this article was expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new natural food preservatives and the prevention and control of S. enteritidis.
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Chen W, Guo R, Wang Z, Xu W, Hu Y. Dimethyl phthalate destroys the cell membrane structural integrity of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:949590. [PMID: 36071970 PMCID: PMC9441906 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.949590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) was exposed to different concentrations (0, 20, and 40 mg/L) of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) for 8 h, and then Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, lipopolysaccharide content detection, analysis of fatty acids, calcein release test, proteomics, non-targeted metabolomics, and enzyme activity assays were used to evaluate the toxicological effect of DMP on P. fluorescens. The results showed that DMP exposure caused an increase in the unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid (UFA/SFA) ratio and in the release of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from the cell outer membrane (OM) of P. fluorescens. Moreover, DMP regulated the abundances of phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) of P. fluorescens and induced dye leakage from an artificial membrane. Additionally, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and changes in antioxidant enzymes (i.e., catalase [CAT] and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) activities, as well as the inhibition of Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase activities in P. fluorescens, which were induced by the DMP. In summary, DMP could disrupt the lipid asymmetry of the outer membrane, increase the fluidity of the cell membrane, and destroy the integrity of the cell membrane of P. fluorescens through lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and ion imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, China
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruxin Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, China
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Wang
| | - Weihui Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yunlong Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, China
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