1
|
Tan ZS, Sim RYY, Kawabata M, Low DY, Wang Y, Burns SF. Timing of Caffeine Ingestion Does Not Improve Three-Point Shooting Accuracy in College Basketball Players. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2024; 34:154-163. [PMID: 38266631 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of the timing of caffeine (3 mg/kg body mass) ingestion on three-point shooting accuracy and other performance parameters during a basketball exercise simulation test (BEST). Eighteen college basketball players (mean ± SD: age = 24.4 ± 1.5 years, height = 181.7 ± 9.5 cm, body mass = 80.9 ± 13.2 kg) underwent one familiarization trial and three main conditions in a randomized order: (a) placebo (maltodextrin) and placebo, (b) caffeine and placebo, and (c) placebo and caffeine. Participants ingested either the placebo or caffeine pill 75 and 15 min before performing four quarters of the BEST and a three-point shooting protocol. During each quarter, participants completed 16 rounds of the BEST and ten three-point shots. Vertical jump height, 6 m sprint timing, BEST completion timing, three-point shooting accuracy, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion, blood glucose, blood lactate, and psychological measures pertaining to performance were measured. The BEST completion timing differed among conditions (placebo and placebo = 26.4 ± 2.0 s, caffeine and placebo = 25.8 ± 2.0 s, placebo and caffeine = 25.9 ± 2.1 s; p = .031) but not three-point shooting accuracy (placebo and placebo = 12.33 ± 4.10; caffeine and placebo = 12.61 ± 2.81; placebo and caffeine = 11.67 ± 3.77; p = .648), vertical jump height, or sprint times. Manipulating ingestion timing of caffeine did not improve three-point shooting accuracy, vertical jump height, or 6 m sprint timings, but caffeine can improve performance times during simulated basketball exercise irrespective of ingestion timing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Sen Tan
- Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachelle Yahn Yee Sim
- Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masato Kawabata
- College of Sport and Wellness, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Japan
| | - Dorrain Yanwen Low
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yulan Wang
- Singapore Phenome Centre, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephen F Burns
- Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bougrine H, Ammar A, Salem A, Trabelsi K, Jahrami H, Chtourou H, Souissi N. Optimizing Short-Term Maximal Exercise Performance: The Superior Efficacy of a 6 mg/kg Caffeine Dose over 3 or 9 mg/kg in Young Female Team-Sports Athletes. Nutrients 2024; 16:640. [PMID: 38474768 PMCID: PMC10935148 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeine (CAF) is among the most extensively researched dietary supplements worldwide. However, little is known about the relationship between dosage and performance enhancement, particularly in female athletes. This study aimed to explore the effects of three different CAF dosages (3 mg·kg-1, 6 mg·kg-1, and 9 mg·kg-1) on high-intensity exercise and the prevalence of undesirable side effects related to these doses among female team-sports athletes. All participants (n = 16; age: 16.9 ± 0.6 y; height: 1.64 ± 0.1 m; BMI: 21.6 ± 1.5 kg·m-2) were mild CAF consumers. This study had a randomized, crossover, double-blind design in which each athlete performed four experimental sessions after ingesting either a placebo (PLAC), 3 mg·kg-1 CAF (CAF-3), 6 mg·kg-1 CAF (CAF-6), or 9 mg·kg-1 of CAF (CAF-9), with an in-between washout period of at least 72 h. In each experimental session, 60 min after ingesting the capsules, participants underwent a countermovement jumps test (CMJ), modified agility t-test (MATT), repeated sprint ability (RSA) test, and a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and completed the CAF side effects questionnaire. Our findings revealed that in comparison to the PLAC condition, the MATT, RSAmean, and RSAbest performances were significantly greater only under the CAF-6 and CAF-9 conditions. Although the RPE scores remained unchanged, CMJ performance improved under all CAF conditions. All the performance outcomes were better for the CAF-6 and CAF-9 conditions than for the CAF-3 condition. Notably, no significant difference between the CAF-6 and CAF-9 conditions was observed for any of these parameters despite the highest incidence of side effects being noted for the CAF-9 condition. In summary, our findings highlight the recommendation for a moderate CAF dosage of 6 mg·kg-1 rather than 3 or 9 mg·kg-1 to enhance various aspects of short-term maximal performance in mild-CAF-consumer female team-sports athletes while mitigating the occurrence of adverse CAF side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houda Bougrine
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa 2100, Tunisia;
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia (N.S.)
| | - Achraf Ammar
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sport Sciences), Université Paris Lumières (UPL), Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France
| | - Atef Salem
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health (EM2S), LR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 323, Bahrain;
- Ministry of Health, Manama 410, Bahrain
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Mannouba 2010, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Grgic J, Varovic D. Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine on Ballistic (Throwing) Performance: A Meta-Analytical Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194155. [PMID: 36235804 PMCID: PMC9572449 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ballistic exercise is characterized by high velocity, force, and muscle activation. Typical examples of ballistic exercise are jumping and throwing activities. While several studies explored caffeine’s effects on throwing performance, the between study findings varied. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis exploring caffeine’s effects on throwing performance (e.g., shot put, medicine ball throw, bench press throw). Seven databases were searched for eligible research. Ten studies (n = 151) were included. In the main meta-analysis, there was a significant ergogenic effect of caffeine on throwing performance (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05, 0.33; p = 0.007). There was a significant ergogenic effect of caffeine in the subgroup analysis for studies that evaluated throwing velocity (SMD: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.37; p = 0.0006) and used caffeine doses ≤3 mg/kg (SMD: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.31; p = 0.006). There was no significant difference between caffeine and placebo in the subgroup analysis for studies that evaluated throwing distance (SMD: 0.15; 95% CI: −0.09, 0.40; p = 0.22) and used caffeine doses >3 mg/kg, (SMD: 0.17; 95% CI: −0.08, 0.41; p = 0.19). However, after one outlier study was excluded as part of a sensitivity analysis, an ergogenic effect was also observed for throwing distance and caffeine doses >3 mg/kg. Based on the results of this review, we conclude that individuals interested in the acute enhancement of throwing performance may consider caffeine supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jozo Grgic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Dorian Varovic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lazić A, Kocić M, Trajković N, Popa C, Peyré-Tartaruga LA, Padulo J. Acute Effects of Caffeine on Overall Performance in Basketball Players—A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091930. [PMID: 35565897 PMCID: PMC9099691 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine supplementation has become increasingly popular among athletes. The benefits of caffeine include delaying the negative effects of fatigue, maintaining a high level of physical and mental performance, and improving certain abilities necessary for sport success. Given the complex nature of basketball, caffeine could be a legal, ergogenic stimulant substance, which will positively affect overall basketball performance. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize evidence for the effect of acute caffeine ingestion on variables related to the basketball performance. Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and ProQuest, MEDLINE, and ERIC databases were searched up to February 2021. Studies that measured the acute effect of caffeine on basketball performance were included and analyzed. Eight studies published between 2000 and 2021 were included in the analysis. Pre-exercise caffeine intake increased vertical jump height, running time at 10 and 20 m without the ball, overall basketball performance (number of body impacts, number of free throws, rebounds, and assists) during simulated games, and reduced the time required to perform a basketball-specific agility test. Equivocal results between caffeine and placebo groups were found for aerobic capacity, free throw and three-point accuracy, and dribbling speed. Pre-exercise caffeine ingestion did not affect RPE, but insomnia and urinary excretion were increased. The pre-exercise ingestion of 3 and 6 mg/kg caffeine was found to be effective in increasing several physical performance variables in basketball players during sport-specific testing and simulated matches. However, considering the intermittent nature and complexity of basketball, and individual differences between players, future studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Lazić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (A.L.); (M.K.); (N.T.)
| | - Miodrag Kocić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (A.L.); (M.K.); (N.T.)
| | - Nebojša Trajković
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (A.L.); (M.K.); (N.T.)
| | - Cristian Popa
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania;
| | | | - Johnny Padulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Escribano-Ott I, Calleja-González J, Mielgo-Ayuso J. Ergo-Nutritional Intervention in Basketball: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:638. [PMID: 35276997 PMCID: PMC8839588 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using nutritional supplements is a widespread strategy among basketball players to ensure the appropriate provision of energy and nutrients to avoid certain complaints. Particularly in basketball, there is no consensus on the type, quantity or form of use in which these supplements should be administered. Therefore, the main aim of this systematic review is to highlight the ergo-nutritional aids that may be effective in basketball. A structured search was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA®) guidelines in the Medline/PubMed and Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases until 31 December 2021; no year restriction was applied to the search strategy. There were no filters applied to the basketball players' level, gender, race, or age to increase the power of the analysis. The results of this systematic review have shown that the effective dose of caffeine to enhance anaerobic performance and the feeling of vigorousness and energy ranges from 3 to 6 mg·kg-1, showing more positive effects when is supplemented 60-75 min before exercise in the morning and in test-based task. On the other hand, vitamin E (ranging from 200 to 268 mg), vitamin D (10,000 IU) and EPA (2 g) may have a potential role in recovery and wellness. The primary limitation of this study is the scarcity of studies related to nutritional supplementation in basketball players. However, a major strength is that this is the first systematic review describing what ergo-nutritional aids may be specifically helpful for basketball. Despite the need for future studies, certain nutritional supplements may have promising advantages for basketball (long-term supplementation of nitrates for recovery), whereas others (β-alanine, sodium bicarbonate, and acute nitrate supplementation) might theoretically be regarded as not interesting for basketball, or even not recommended by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) as bovine colostrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Escribano-Ott
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, 01007 Vitoria, Spain;
| | - Julio Calleja-González
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, 01007 Vitoria, Spain;
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A Systematic Review of the Effects of Caffeine on Basketball Performance Outcomes. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010017. [PMID: 35053015 PMCID: PMC8773249 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Caffeine is a stimulant of the central nervous system widely utilized by many athletes to enhance endurance, strength, and power-based sports performances. Whether ergogenic enhancements following caffeine ingestion result in improvements in sports-specific skills performance has received less attention. In basketball, the ability to execute certain tasks with accuracy, such as shooting and passing, are key factors affecting the outcome of the sport. Besides being able to excel in accuracy-based tasks, the possession of strong physical attributes, including vertical jump height, sprint speed and agility, are also key components to basketball performance. In this review, an overview of the effects of caffeine on basketball-related skill tasks and physical aspects of performance deemed important for the game is provided. One of the key focal points is that the efficacy of caffeine is influenced by a multitude of determinants that have an overall impact on the ergogenic capacity of caffeine. Proper awareness of these determinants allows basketball players, coaches, and trainers to have better insights and knowledge in applying caffeine to improve basketball-related performances. Abstract Caffeine is an ergogenic aid in many sports, including basketball. This systematic review examines the effects of caffeine on basketball-related skill tasks along with physical aspects of performance deemed important for the game. A systematic search was conducted across three databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science) to identify randomized-controlled trials which examined the effect of caffeine on basketball performance outcomes including: free-throw, 3-point shooting accuracy, dribbling speed, vertical jump height, and linear and repeated sprints. Forty-six articles were identified of which 10 met the inclusion criteria. Improvements in vertical jump were identified in four of five studies, agility in two of four studies, and in linear and repeated sprints in two of three studies. No deterioration in basketball skills performance was observed in any studies. It is suggested that caffeine is useful for basketball players to improve the physical aspects of their game-play performance but there is little evidence of any change in skill-based performance at present. Further research should clarify the effects of caffeine on basketball performance in women and the role of individual genetic variation on caffeine metabolism. Basketball players and coaches should be aware of the properties of caffeine before ingesting it as an ergogenic supplement.
Collapse
|
7
|
Does Acute Caffeine Supplementation Improve Physical Performance in Female Team-Sport Athletes? Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103663. [PMID: 34684665 PMCID: PMC8538965 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Recent original research and meta-analyses suggest that acute caffeine supplementation improves exercise performance in team-sport athletes (TSA). Nonetheless, most of the studies testing the effects of caffeine on TSA included samples of male athletes, and there is no meta-analysis of the performance-enhancing effects of caffeine on female TSA. The aim of the present study was to synthesize the existing literature regarding the effect of caffeine supplementation on physical performance in adult female TSA. Methods: A search was performed in Pubmed/Medline, SPORTDiscus and Scopus. The search was performed from the inception of indexing until 1 September 2021. Crossover randomized controlled trials (RCT) assessing the effects of oral caffeine intake on several aspects of performance in female TSA were selected. The methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed for individual studies using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale (PEDro) and the RoB 2 tool. A random-effects meta-analysis of standardized mean differences (SMD) was performed for several performance variables. Results: The search retrieved 18 articles that fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Overall, most of the studies were of excellent quality with a low risk of bias. The meta-analysis results showed that caffeine increased performance in specific team-sport skills (SMD: 0.384, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.077–0.691), countermovement jump (SMD: 0.208, CI: 0.079–0.337), total body impacts (SMD: 0.488; 95% CI: 0.050, 0.927) and handgrip strength (SMD: 0.395, CI: 0.126–0.665). No effects were found on the ratings of perceived exertion, squat jumps, agility, repeated sprint ability or agility tests performed after fatigue. Conclusions: The results of the meta-analysis revealed that acute caffeine intake was effective in increasing some aspects of team-sports performance in women athletes. Hence, caffeine could be considered as a supplementation strategy for female athletes competing in team sports.
Collapse
|
8
|
Loh SK, Lim JZ, Pan JW, Aziz L, Lee M, Kong PW. Air pistol shooting: upper limb muscle activation between training and simulated competition. Sports Biomech 2021:1-12. [PMID: 34542383 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1975812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Heightened stress during air pistol competitions may impair shooters' abilities to maintain gun stability, resulting in inferior performance. This study aimed to compare the pre-trigger muscle activation levels of upper muscles in 10-m air pistol shooters between training and simulated competition conditions. Seven sub-elite shooters from the Singapore National Youth Air Pistol Team shot 30 shots in a training versus simulated competition condition in randomised orders on separate days. Muscle activation for the forearm and shoulder muscles, namely extensor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, anterior deltoid, and posterior deltoid, were recorded using electromyography (EMG). Shooting performance was evaluated by total shot scores. Stress level was monitored via heart rate and the Mental Readiness Form-3. No statistically significant differences were found in EMG, performance, or stress-related variables between conditions, although moderate-to-large effect sizes were observed in some muscle activation and self-reported stress indicators. Analysis of individual performances using smallest worthwhile change showed that two participants improved under the simulated competition condition, while two declined, and three remained unaffected. In conclusion, sub-elite youth air pistol shooters were able to exhibit good neuromuscular control under high anxiety situations and thus their performance was largely unaffected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suan K Loh
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jolene Z Lim
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Wen Pan
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Marcus Lee
- Sports Biomechanics, Singapore Sports Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pui W Kong
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Effects of acute caffeine ingestion on futsal performance in sub-elite players. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4531-4540. [PMID: 34132880 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To date, no previous investigation has studied the effect of acute caffeine ingestion on futsal performance during futsal-specific testing and during a simulated match. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to establish the effects of acute caffeine intake on futsal-specific tests and match-play running performance in male futsal players. METHODS Sixteen high-performance futsal players participated in a randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled and double-blind experiment. Each player completed two identical trials after ingesting either caffeine (3 mg/kg) or a placebo (cellulose). The trials consisted of a battery of futsal-specific tests (countermovement jump, 20-m sprint test, and a futsal kicking velocity and accuracy test) followed by a simulated futsal match (2 halves of 7.5 min). During the match, players' running performance was assessed with local positioning system devices. RESULTS In comparison to the placebo, caffeine ingestion increased jump height by 2.8% (p = 0.048; ES = 0.29) and reduced the time to complete the 20-m sprint test by -2.2% (p = 0.044; ES = - 0.54). Additionally, acute caffeine intake improved the distance covered at above 14.4 km/h by 19.6% (p = 0.021; ES = 0.58), the number of body impacts by 8.1% (p = 0.040; ES = 0.27) and the number of accelerations/decelerations by 4.2% (p = 0.044; ES = 0.57) during the simulated futsal match. However, no differences were reported in ball velocity or shooting accuracy in the futsal kicking test. There were no differences in the prevalence of side effects reported in the hours after the ingestion of the treatments. CONCLUSION Three mg/kg of caffeine enhanced several physical variables associated with futsal such as jump and sprint performance, and improved high-speed running and accelerations/decelerations during a simulated futsal match. Caffeine supplementation with a moderate dose can be considered as an effective ergogenic aid for futsal performance with low prevalence of side effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with the following ID: NCT04852315. The study was retrospectively registered by 18 April 2020.
Collapse
|