Influence of Anticoagulants on Platelet and Leukocyte Concentration From Platelet-Rich Plasma Derived From Blood of Horses and Mules

Comparison of anticoagulant vacutainer blood collection tubes on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) leukocyte viability during long-term storage

Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) are critical for understanding systemic immune responses and assessing the organism's health. In immunological studies, particularly with aquaculture-relevant species like Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), ensuring PBL viability during sample storage is important, especially when samples must be transported over long distances. Anticoagulants are essential for preventing blood clotting and preserving cellular integrity; however, their effects on leukocyte populations in salmonids remain poorly studied. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of four anticoagulants-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium citrate, sodium heparin, and lithium heparin-on the viability of PBL populations in rainbow trout, with a comparative analysis of human PBL. Blood samples were stored for up to seven days, and cell viability and leukocyte population percentages were assessed by flow cytometry at 0, 1-, 2-, 4-, and 7-days post-collection (dpc). Results showed that sodium heparin and lithium heparin were the most effective anticoagulants for preserving trout leukocyte viability, maintaining percentages greater than 70 % up to 4 dpc. In contrast, EDTA and sodium citrate were less effective in maintaining cell viability. In human PBL samples, EDTA was the most effective anticoagulant, with lymphocyte viability exceeding 80 % at 7 dpc. Sodium heparin and lithium heparin also preserved human PBL viability comparably up to 4 dpc, but their efficacy decreased significantly by 7 dpc. These findings highlight the species-specific effects of anticoagulants, recommending heparin-based anticoagulants for long-term leukocyte preservation in rainbow trout (up to 4 dpc). In addition, this study provides valuable information for blood handling protocols in immunological research.

Mesenchymal stem cells in PRP and PRF containing poly(3-caprolactone)/gelatin Scaffold: a comparative in-vitro study

Scaffold design is one of the three most essential parts of tissue engineering. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) have been used in clinics and regenerative medicine for years. However, the temporal release of their growth factors limits their efficacy in tissue engineering. In the present study, we planned to synthesize nanofibrous scaffolds with the incorporation of PRP and PRF by electrospinning method to evaluate the effect of the release of PRP and PRF growth factors on osteogenic gene expression, calcification, proliferation, and cell adhesion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (h-BMSC) as they are part of scaffold structures. Therefore, we combined PRP/PRF, derived from the centrifugation of whole blood, with gelatin and Polycaprolactone (PCL) and produced nanofibrous electrospun PCL/Gel/PRP and PCL/Gel/PRF scaffolds. Three groups of scaffolds were fabricated, and h-BMSCs were seeded on them: (1) PCL/Gel; (2) PCL/Gel/PRP; (3) PCL/Gel/PRF. MTS assay was performed to assess cell proliferation and adhesion, and alizarin red staining confirmed the formation of bone minerals during the experiment. The result indicated that PCL/Gel did not have any better outcomes than the PRP and PRF group in any study variants after the first day of the experiment. PCL/gelatin/PRF was more successful regarding cell proliferation and adhesion. Although PCL/gelatin/PRP showed more promising results on the last day of the experiment in mineralization and osteogenic gene expression, except RUNX2, in which the difference with PCL/gelatin/PRF group was not significant.

Effect of platelet-rich plasma on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement

INTRODUCTION

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) during en-masse anterior retraction.

METHODS

Twenty adult patients with Angles Class I bimaxillary protrusion or crowding requiring first premolar extraction for routine orthodontic treatment were divided into control and experimental groups. The control group did not receive PRP, whereas the experimental group received PRP in the alveolar mucosa of the maxillary 6 anterior teeth just before starting en-masse retraction. Measurements were recorded on digital models made from scanned plaster casts at the beginning of space closure and the end of 3 months. The overall rate of OTM between both groups was compared. The amount of anchorage loss and type of anterior retraction on lateral cephalogram was also compared between the groups.

RESULTS

The overall rate of OTM was minimally increased but not statistically significant in the experimental vs control group (P = 0.838). Anterior retraction parameters in both groups showed incisors moving primarily by controlled tipping and partly by translation. An intergroup comparison of all cephalometric parameters for anchorage loss and anterior retraction showed statistically insignificant differences between both groups.

CONCLUSIONS

PRP is ineffective in accelerating the rate of OTM during en-masse anterior retraction.

Assessment of Donkey (Equus asinus africanus) Whole Blood Stored in CPDA-1 and CPD/SAG-M Blood Bags

Simple Summary

The development of conservative solutions was essential to store blood for different periods, but there is no blood bag available for animals. Currently, the solution containing citrate, phosphate dextrose, and adenine (CPDA-1) and the solution containing citrate, phosphate, and dextrose plus mannitol and sodium chloride (CPD/SAG-M) are the most used in human blood conservation. In this study, we propose to evaluate whether the CPDA-1 and CPD/SAG-M blood bags designed for humans are efficient for the conservation of donkey whole blood for 42 days. During storage, both blood bags resulted in mild alterations in the stored blood, but the two bags were efficient and very similar in preserving donkey blood for up to 42 days. Both types of human-designed blood bags can be used for donkey transfusion medicine.

Abstract

Hemotherapy using whole blood and its components is being increasingly used in veterinary therapy. Since it is important to store animal blood while maintaining acceptable hematological, blood gas, and biochemical characteristics, increasing our knowledge of available technologies for strategic blood storage is imperative. Thus, we aimed to assess the hematological, blood gas, and biochemical changes in donkey whole blood using blood bags with two different types of storage agents. Eight adult healthy male donkeys were used; 900 mL of blood was collected from each, with 450 mL stored in citrate-phosphate-dextrose and adenine bags (CPDA-1) and 450 mL stored in bags containing citrate-phosphate-dextrose, adenine, mannitol, and sodium chloride (CPD/SAG-M). Both bags were kept refrigerated between 1 and 6 °C for 42 days. Blood samples were removed from the bags eight times (T): T0 (immediately after blood collection), T1, T3, T7, T14, T21, T35, and T42 (1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 35 and 42 days after storage). Hematological, blood gas, biochemical, and microbiological parameters were assessed. The CPDA-1 bags had a higher packed cell volume when compared to CPD/ SAG-M. The red blood cell count reduced by around 19% in both the bags due to hemolysis, which was confirmed by an increase in plasma hemoglobin. The white blood cell count; pH; concentrations of glucose, sodium, bicarbonate, and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate were reduced in both bags. Meanwhile, pO₂, pCO₂, lactate dehydrogenase, and levels of potassium increased in the CPDA-1 and CPD/SAG-M bags. Blood bags were efficient for the storage of donkey blood for up to 42 days.

Application of standardized platelet-rich plasma in elderly patients with complex wounds

In recent years, autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) derivatives have been used widely in the regeneration and repair of tissue, but a standard definition and preparation method for PRP are lacking. We developed a standardized method using platelet indices as quality-control indicators for PRP preparation. Twenty-one elderly patients (9 males, 12 females) with complex wounds were treated with standardized platelet-rich plasma (S-PRP). The platelet count in PRP after the second centrifugation was 1,069-1,436 × 109 /L. We adjusted the platelet concentration in PRP after a second centrifugation to 1,000 × 109 /L according to a formula using platelet-poor plasma (PPP). The standardized preparation method that we developed gave S-PRP with a relatively uniform platelet concentration. The wounds of 21 patients showed accelerated healing after S-PRP treatment, and there were no obvious side effects during treatment. These data suggest that our preparation method of S-PRP, using platelet indices as quality-control indicators with platelet count of 1,000 × 109 /L could be used for the treatment of complex wounds in the elderly. The preparation method of S-PRP proposed in the present study may be a simple and effective method of PRP quality control.