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Castro-Criado D, Jiménez-Rosado M, Perez-Puyana V, Romero A. Soy Protein Isolate as Emulsifier of Nanoemulsified Beverages: Rheological and Physical Evaluation. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030507. [PMID: 36766036 PMCID: PMC9914127 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of biologically active molecules or the addition of new bioactive ingredients in foods, thereby producing functional foods, has been improved with nanoemulsion technology. In this sense, the aim of this work was to develop nanoemulsified beverages as potential candidates for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds, whose integrity and release across the intestinal tract are controlled by the structure and stability of the interfaces. To achieve this, firstly, a by-product rich-in protein has been evaluated as a potential candidate to act as an emulsifier (chemical content, amino acid composition, solubility, ζ-potential and surface tension were evaluated). Later, emulsions with different soy protein isolate concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt%), pH values (2, 4, 6 and 8) and homogenization pressures (100, 120 and 140 PSI) were prepared using a high-pressure homogenizer after a pre-emulsion formation. Physical (stability via Backscattering and drop size evolution) and rheological (including interfacial analysis) characterizations of emulsions were carried out to characterize their potential as delivery emulsion systems. According to the results obtained, the nanoemulsions showed the best stability when the protein concentration was 2.0 wt%, pH 2.0 and 120 PSI was applied as homogenization pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Castro-Criado
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escuela Politécnica Superior, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.C.-C.); (A.R.)
| | | | - Víctor Perez-Puyana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Química, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alberto Romero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Química, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.C.-C.); (A.R.)
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2
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Liu L, Hu X, Zou L. Wheat polysaccharides and gluten effects on water migration and structure in noodle doughs: An 1H LF-NMR study. J Cereal Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2023.103628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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3
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Argun MŞ. Functional Properties of Extracts from Wheat (
Triticum aestivum
L.) Coarse Bran and Shorts (Razmol) Obtained under Different Supercritical
CO
2
Extraction Conditions. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.17065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Şamil Argun
- Selçuk University Akşehir Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Food Engineering Department Akşehir Konya Türkiye
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4
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Borjan D, Šeregelj V, Andrejč DC, Pezo L, Šaponjac VT, Knez Ž, Vulić J, Marevci MK. Green Techniques for Preparation of Red Beetroot Extracts with Enhanced Biological Potential. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050805. [PMID: 35624669 PMCID: PMC9138100 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Red beetroot is well known for its high proportion of betalains, with great potential as functional food ingredients due to their health-promoting properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of processing techniques such as Soxhlet, cold, ultrasound and supercritical fluid extraction on the betalains content and its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antihyperglycemic activities. Whilst Soxhlet extraction with water has provided the highest yield, the highest content of total phenolics was found in an extract prepared using Soxhlet extraction with 50% ethanol. Amongst eight phenolic compounds detected in the extracts, protocatechuic acid was the most abundant. The concentrations of total phenolics ranged from 12.09 mg/g (ultrasound extraction with 30% methanol) to 18.60 mg/g (Soxhlet extraction with 50% ethanol). The highest anti-inflammatory activity was observed for cold extraction with 50% methanol extract. The high radical scavenging activity of supercritical fluid extracts could be a consequence of nonphenolic compounds. The chemometrics approach was further used to analyse the results to find the “greenest” method for further possible application in the processing of beetroot in the food and/or pharmaceutical industry. According to the standard score, the best extraction method was determined to be Soxhlet extraction with 50% ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Borjan
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (D.B.); (D.C.A.); (Ž.K.)
| | - Vanja Šeregelj
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.Š.); (V.T.Š.); (J.V.)
| | - Darija Cör Andrejč
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (D.B.); (D.C.A.); (Ž.K.)
| | - Lato Pezo
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vesna Tumbas Šaponjac
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.Š.); (V.T.Š.); (J.V.)
| | - Željko Knez
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (D.B.); (D.C.A.); (Ž.K.)
- Laboratory for Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Jelena Vulić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.Š.); (V.T.Š.); (J.V.)
| | - Maša Knez Marevci
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (D.B.); (D.C.A.); (Ž.K.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Chen C, Li R, Li D, Shen F, Xiao G, Zhou J. Extraction and purification of saponins from Sapindus mukorossi. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04047a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fermentation was used to further purify saponins extracted from the pericarp of Sapindus; both the purity and foam half-life was greatly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- China
| | - Ruili Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- China
| | - Fangyuan Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- China
| | - Guoqing Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Technical Center
- China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co. Ltd
- Chengdu 610066
- China
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6
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Đorđević MR, Zlatković DB, Radulović NS. Scilla bifolia
Wax as a Source of Diverse Long‐Chain Resorcinols and Alkane‐1,3‐diols. Chem Biodivers 2020; 18:e2000811. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miljana R. Đorđević
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics University of Niš Višegradska 33 18000 Niš Serbia
| | - Dragan B. Zlatković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics University of Niš Višegradska 33 18000 Niš Serbia
| | - Niko S. Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics University of Niš Višegradska 33 18000 Niš Serbia
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7
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Wen L, Tan S, Zeng L, Wang Z, Ke X, Zhang Z, Tang H, Guo H, Xia E. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and in vitro simulated digestion of Porphyra haitanensis proteins exhibiting antioxidative and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Reaction of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. to Water Treated with Low-Temperature, Low-Pressure Glow Plasma of Low Frequency. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12113168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Lavandula angustifolia was watered with either deionized tap water treated with low-temperature, low-pressure glow plasma of low frequency in the air (LPGPA), under oxygen-free nitrogen (LPGPN), methane (LPGPM), carbon dioxide (LPGPC) or molecular oxygen (LPGPO). The crop yields were slightly dependent on the type of water used for watering. Notably, only plants watered with LPGPN showed a slightly higher crop yield. The plants also contained a higher level of protein and bioaccumulated magnesium. The type of water had a considerable and specific effect on the yield of isolated essential oils and their composition. The yield of essential oil decreased in the following order LPGPA = LPGPN (0.4 g/100 g dry mass) > LPGPC = LPGPO (0.3 g/100 g dry mass) > LPGPM = non-treated water (0.2 g/100 g dry mass). The composition of the isolated essential oils varied depending on the type of water used for watering, which influences their role as a fragrant component of cosmetics, and in herbal therapy and aromatherapy.
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9
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Ciccoritti R, Taddei F, Gazza L, Nocente F. Influence of kernel thermal pre-treatments on 5-n-alkylresorcinols, polyphenols and antioxidant activity of durum and einkorn wheat. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03627-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Countercurrent chromatographic fractionation followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry identification of alkylresorcinols in rye. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:8417-8430. [PMID: 33037907 PMCID: PMC7680747 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (5-alkyl-1,3-dihydroxybenzenes, ARs) are bioactive phenolic lipid compounds which are particularly abundant in rye and partly other cereals. In this study on ARs, whole rye grain extracts were gained with cyclohexane/ethyl acetate (46/54, w/w). Silylated extracts were used to develop a gas chromatography with mass spectrometry method in the selected ion monitoring mode (GC/MS-SIM) for the sensitive detection of conventional ARs along with keto-substituted (oxo-AR) and ring-methylated ARs (mAR) with 5-alkyl chain lengths of 14 to 27 carbon atoms and 0 to 4 double bonds in one run. Analysis was performed by countercurrent chromatographic (CCC) fractionation using the solvent system n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (9/1/9/1, v/v/v/v). Subsequent GC/MS-(SIM) analysis of 80 silylated CCC fractions enabled the detection of 74 ARs in the sample. The CCC elution of the ARs followed the equivalent chain length (ECL) rule in which one double bond compensated the effect of two (additional) carbon atoms. Novel or rarely reported ARs were detected in virtually all classes, i.e. saturated AR (AR14:0), even-numbered monounsaturated AR isomers (AR16:1-AR26:1), triunsaturated ARs (AR25:3), oxo-ARs (AR17:0 oxo, AR19:1 oxo, AR21:2 oxo, AR23:2 oxo) and odd-numbered methyl-ARs (mAR15:0-mAR23:0). Positions of the double bonds of monounsaturated ARs and oxo-ARs were determined with the help of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) derivatives. Graphical abstract ![]()
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11
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Khoo KS, Chew KW, Yew GY, Leong WH, Chai YH, Show PL, Chen WH. Recent advances in downstream processing of microalgae lipid recovery for biofuel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 304:122996. [PMID: 32115347 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The world energy system faces two major challenges: the requirement for more energy and less carbon. It is important to address biofuels production as an alternative to the usage of fossil fuel by utilizing microalgae as the potential feedstock. Yet, the commercialization of microalgae remains contentious caused by factors relating to the life cycle assessment and feasibility of microalgae-based biofuels. This present review starts with an introduction to the benefits of microalgae, followed by intensive elaboration on microalgae cultivation parameters. Subsequently, the fundamental principle along with the advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatment techniques of microalgae were reviewed. In addition, the conventional and recent advances in lipid extraction techniques from microalgae were comprehensively evaluated. Comparative analysis regard to the gaps from previous studies was discussed point-by-point in each section. The effort presented in this review will provide an insight for future researches dealing with microalgae-biofuel production on downstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Guo Yong Yew
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Wai Hong Leong
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Yee Ho Chai
- Biomass Processing Laboratory, HICOE - Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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12
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Non-Destructive Determination of Alkylresorcinol (ARs) Content on Wheat Seed Surfaces and Prediction of ARs Content in Whole-Grain Flour. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071329. [PMID: 30987319 PMCID: PMC6479818 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are beneficial for human health and can be used as biomarkers for whole-grain cereal intake. In previous studies, ARs content in whole-grain flour was determined by milling the seeds into powder, thus destroying their structure. In this paper, we adopted a non-destructive extraction approach. Chloroform and ethyl acetate extraction methods were carried out to extract lipids from the seed surface and whole-grain flour of 36 wheat varieties in China, respectively. GC-MS analysis identified chemical compounds in which ARs were the major compounds for all the samples. The average total content of ARs (624.223 µg/g) in whole grains was much higher than that on seed surfaces (4.934 µg/g), with a positive correlation (r = 0.863, p < 0.001) between these two parameters. The results suggested that the total ARs content on the seed surface can be used to predict their content in whole-grain flour. Without affecting the seed germination rate and damaging seed structure, we demonstrate that a non-destructive extraction approach is an appropriate and useful method, facilitating the development of rapid screening methods suitable for use in wheat breeding.
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13
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Patil SS, Bhasarkar S, Rathod VK. Extraction of curcuminoids from Curcuma longa: comparative study between batch extraction and novel three phase partitioning. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:407-418. [PMID: 30821198 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1575859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Curcuminoids, the active components of dried rhizome of Curcuma longa have been extracted using batch extraction and three-phase partitioning (TPP) process. The effect of different processing parameters, namely different solvents, extraction time, ammonium sulfate concentration, slurry to tert-butanol ratio, and solute to aqueous ratio on extraction efficiency of TPP, was studied to attain maximum extraction yield. The highest yield of 58.38 mg/g was achieved at 40±2 °C in 150 min, with saturated ammonium sulfate 30% (w/v), slurry to tert-butanol ratio 1:1 (v/v), and turmeric powder to water ratio 1:40 (w/v) in TPP. However, batch extraction using ethanol as a solvent yielded 52.77 mg/g in 180 min extraction time at 40±2 °C with 1:40 (w/v) turmeric powder to water ratio and 400 rpm agitation speed. In view of reference method, i.e., Soxhlet extraction (100%), TPP showed 65.63% yield in 150 min and batch exhibited 59.92% in 180 min. The turmeric extracts obtained by different methods exhibited excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities equivalent to their respective reference standards. Hence, TPP extraction process assures a rapid and improved recovery of curcuminoids with excellent therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata S Patil
- a Chemical Engineering Department , Institute of Chemical Technology , Mumbai , India
| | - Siddhant Bhasarkar
- a Chemical Engineering Department , Institute of Chemical Technology , Mumbai , India
| | - Virendra K Rathod
- a Chemical Engineering Department , Institute of Chemical Technology , Mumbai , India
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14
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Marentes-Culma R, Orduz-Díaz LL, Coy-Barrera E. Targeted Metabolite Profiling-Based Identification of Antifungal 5- n-Alkylresorcinols Occurring in Different Cereals against Fusarium oxysporum. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040770. [PMID: 30795501 PMCID: PMC6412215 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and convenient biochemometrics-based analysis of several cereal-derived extracts was used to identify n-alkyl(enyl)resorcinols (AR) as antifungals against Fusarium oxysporum. Total AR content and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based profiles were recorded for each extract, in addition to their antifungal activity, to help integrate these chemical and biological datasets by orthogonal partial least squares regression. In this study, we developed and used a micro-scale amended medium (MSAM) assay to evaluate the in vitro mycelial growth inhibition at low amounts of extracts. Triticale husk-derived extracts had the highest AR content (662.1 µg olivetol equivalent/g dry extract), exhibiting >79% inhibition at the highest doses (10.0–1.0 µg/µL). Correlation of the chemical and antifungal datasets using supervised metabolite profiling revealed that 5-n-nonadecanylresorcinol, 5-n-heneicosylresorcinol, and 5-n-tricosyl-resorcinol were the most active ARs occurring in cereal products from Colombia. Hence, we propose the biochemometrics-based approach as a useful tool for identifying AR-like antifungals against F. oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Marentes-Culma
- Laboratorio de Química Bioorgánica, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia.
| | - Luisa L Orduz-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Química Bioorgánica, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia.
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Laboratorio de Química Bioorgánica, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia.
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15
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Xu M, Rao J, Chen B. Phenolic compounds in germinated cereal and pulse seeds: Classification, transformation, and metabolic process. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:740-759. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1550051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minwei Xu
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Jiajia Rao
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Bingcan Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
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16
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Elder AS, Coupland JN, Elias RJ. Antioxidant activity of a winterized, acetonic rye bran extract containing alkylresorcinols in oil-in-water emulsions. Food Chem 2019; 272:174-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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17
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Gunenc A, Kong L, Elias RJ, Ziegler GR. Inclusion complex formation between high amylose corn starch and alkylresorcinols from rye bran. Food Chem 2018; 259:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Patzke H, Zimdars S, Schulze-Kaysers N, Schieber A. Growth suppression of Fusarium culmorum , Fusarium poae and Fusarium graminearum by 5- n -alk(en)ylresorcinols from wheat and rye bran. Food Res Int 2017; 99:821-827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Chen Y, Ren X, Wei Q. Conversion of Undaria pinnatifida residue to glycolic acid with recyclable methylamine in low temperature hydrothermal liquefaction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 228:47-55. [PMID: 28056369 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of Undaria pinnatifida residue to glycolic acid was carried out using methylamine as catalyst by hydrothermal method at relatively low temperature. GC-MS and HPLC were used to identify the composition of bio-oil and liquid products which provide the knowledge of the chemical reaction pathways of the hydrothermal liquefaction. The main liquid product was organic acid which contained glycolic acid, lactic acid, formic acid and acetic acid. And the major organic acid was glycolic acid with the highest yield of 46.52% or 33.98% of dry biomass. Methylamine promoted the dissolution of cellulose from Undaria pinnatifida residue, and significantly improved the yield of glycolic acid. The mechanism of HTL was investigated and the results show that the carbocation C3 was attacked by methylamine molecule which led to the high yield of glycolic acid. In addition, the recovery of methylamine was studied and the highest recovery rate reached 99.28%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Chen
- Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Marine Science and Technology, West Culture Road 2, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiulian Ren
- Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Marine Science and Technology, West Culture Road 2, Weihai, Shandong, China.
| | - Qifeng Wei
- Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Marine Science and Technology, West Culture Road 2, Weihai, Shandong, China
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20
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Patzke H, Schulze-Kaysers N, Schieber A. Separation and isolation of saturated and unsaturated 5-n-alk(en)ylresorcinols from rye bran. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1438:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Mohammad Azmin SNH, Abdul Manan Z, Wan Alwi SR, Chua LS, Mustaffa AA, Yunus NA. Herbal Processing and Extraction Technologies. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2016.1145395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Improvement in the docosahexaenoic acid production of Schizochytrium sp. S056 by replacement of sea salt. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 39:315-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Luthria DL, Lu Y, John KM. Bioactive phytochemicals in wheat: Extraction, analysis, processing, and functional properties. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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de Mello BTF, dos Santos Garcia VA, da Silva C. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Oil from Chia (Salvia hispânica L.) Seeds: Optimization Extraction and Fatty Acid Profile. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Tais F. de Mello
- Program of Post-Graduation in Bioenergy; Maringa State University (UEM); Maringa PR 87020-900 Brazil
| | | | - Camila da Silva
- Program of Post-Graduation in Bioenergy; Maringa State University (UEM); Maringa PR 87020-900 Brazil
- Department of Technology; Maringá State University (UEM); Umuarama PR 87506-370 Brazil
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Povilaitis D, Venskutonis PR. Optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of rye bran using response surface methodology and evaluation of extract properties. J Supercrit Fluids 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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A method for the simultaneous extraction and quantitation of lipophilic antioxidants in Triticum sp. by HPLC-DAD/FLD-MSn. J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ciccoritti R, Pasquini M, Sgrulletta D, Nocente F. Effect of 5-n-alkylresorcinol extracts from durum wheat whole grain on the growth of fusarium head blight (FHB) causal agents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:43-50. [PMID: 25496267 DOI: 10.1021/jf5054518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In an approach toward the identification of ecofriendly compounds for fusarium head blight biocontrol, the in vitro antifungal activity of 5-n-alkylresorcinol (AR) extracts, obtained from durum wheat intact kernels, was tested. In comparison with ethyl acetate and acetone extracts containing AR, total inhibition of Fusarium graminearum spore germination was observed with cyclohexane extract, which also exhibited a significant fungistatic activity against F. graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium avenaceum, and Fusarium poae. Additionally, the study of the influence of such variables as predrying of seeds and durum wheat genotype on AR cyclohexane extract properties allowed the association of its highest antifungal activity with the AR homologue composition and, in particular, with the presence of a higher C21:0/C23:0 ratio. The interesting finding of this study suggests a potential application of the AR homologues in crop protection systems and could be an important step toward the development of commercial formulations suitable to the prevention of fungal diseases.
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Impact of supercritical CO2 and traditional solvent extraction systems on the extractability of alkylresorcinols, phenolic profile and their antioxidant activity in wheat bran. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Rebolleda S, Beltrán S, Sanz MT, González-SanJosé ML. Supercritical fluid extraction of wheat bran oil: Study of extraction yield and oil quality. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201300323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rebolleda
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science; University of Burgos; Burgos Spain
| | - Sagrario Beltrán
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science; University of Burgos; Burgos Spain
| | - María Teresa Sanz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science; University of Burgos; Burgos Spain
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Danlami JM, Arsad A, Ahmad Zaini MA, Sulaiman H. A comparative study of various oil extraction techniques from plants. REV CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2013-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AbstractResearchers have shown that techniques such as microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction developed for extraction of valuable components from plants and seed materials have been successfully used to effectively reduce the major shortcomings of the traditional method such as Soxhlet extraction. These include shorter extraction time, increase in yield of extracted components, decrease in solvent consumption, and improvement of the quality of extracts. This review presents a detailed description of the principles and mechanisms of the various extraction techniques for better understanding and summarizes the potential of these techniques in the extraction of oil from plants and seed materials. Discussions on some of the parameters affecting the extraction efficiency are also highlighted, with special emphasis on supercritical fluid extraction. A comparison of the performance of traditional Soxhlet extraction with that of other extraction techniques is also presented.
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Extraction of ursolic acid from Ocimum sanctum leaves: Kinetics and modeling. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Carpinella MC, De Bellis L, Joray MB, Sosa V, Zunino PM, Palacios SM. Inhibition of development, swarming differentiation and virulence factors in Proteus mirabilis by an extract of Lithrea molleoides and its active principle (Z,Z)-5-(trideca-4',7'-dienyl)-resorcinol. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:994-997. [PMID: 21514124 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial activity of Lithrea molleoides extract against Proteus mirabilis has been previously reported by our group. In the present study, the compound (Z,Z)-5-(trideca-4',7'-dienyl)-resorcinol (1) was isolated as its responsible active principle. The effects of the compound obtained and of L. molleoides extract on P. mirabilis growth and virulence factors were evaluated. Compound 1 showed MIC and MBC values of 4000 μg/ml. It was found that the extract, at four times the MIC, produced complete killing of the uropathogen at 2h from the beginning of the experiment, while the alkylresorcinol, at four times the MIC, produced the same effect after 24 h. Hemolysis was adversely affected in treatments with both products at 8 μg/ml, while hemagglutination was not altered. The whole extract induced complete autoaggregation of P. mirabilis at 2000 μg/ml, while compound 1 at the same concentration did not show this property. Swarming motility was delayed in treatments with the extract and with 1 at 1000 and 8 μg/ml, respectively, at 8h from the beginning of the assay. Complete inhibition of the phenomenon was still observed after 24 h when compound 1 was added at 125 μg/ml. These findings offer the possibility of new classes of antimicrobial medicines to tackle infections caused by P. mirabilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Carpinella
- Fine Chemicals and Natural Products Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Catholic University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Xia EQ, Ai XX, Zang SY, Guan TT, Xu XR, Li HB. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phillyrin from Forsythia suspensa. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2011; 18:549-552. [PMID: 20980187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese medicines, and possesses important biological activities, such as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Phillyrin is the main bioactive component of Forsythia suspensa. In this paper, ultrasound-assisted extraction of phillyrin from Forsythia suspensa was studied with HPLC-photodiode array detection. Effects of several experimental parameters, such as type and concentration of extracting solvent, ratio of liquid to material, extraction temperature, and time of sonication on extraction efficiencies of phillyrin from Forsythia suspensa were evaluated. The optimal extraction conditions were 1g plant sample with 10 ml of 20% methanol and the extraction for 60 min at 60°C under ultrasonic irradiation. Under the optimum conditions, the yield of phillyrin was 0.713±0.009 mg/g. The results indicated that the ultrasound-assisted extraction is a very useful method for the extraction of important phytochemicals from plant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Qin Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhou PP, Lu MB, Li W, Yu LJ. Microbial production of docosahexaenoic acid by a low temperature-adaptive strain Thraustochytriidae sp. Z105: screening and optimization. J Basic Microbiol 2010; 50:380-7. [PMID: 20473964 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200900378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As an alternative source in addition to fish oil, microbial production of docosahexaenoic acid has been recieved more and more attentions owing to their culture advantage. A unicellular eukaryotic microbe with high DHA production and capable of low temperature-adaptive growth was isolated from seawater and identified as Thraustochytriidae sp. Z105. The siginificant effect of temperature on cell growth and DHA synthesis by the strain was revealed. It could grow and produce DHA even at 4 degrees C, but hardly grow above 35 degrees C. Low temperature (15-25 degrees C) was favorable for formation of biomass, lipids and DHA, but DHA synthesis was completely blocked above 30 degrees C. Conditions for high level DHA production by Thraustochytriidae sp. Z105 in flask culture were optimized as follows: medium containing glucose 80 g/l, yeast extract 5.0 g/l, K2HPO(4) . 3 H2O 1.0 g/l, MgSO4 . 7 H2O 0.5 g/l, seawater crystal 20 g/l, pH 6.0, liquid volume 30 ml/250 ml, temperature 20 degrees C, agitation speed of 200 r/min, and culture for 120 h. Under the optimal conditions, biomass of 16.72 g/l, total lipids of 5.35 g/l, DHA yield of 1.71 g/l (accounting for 32% of the total lipids) were achieved, respectively. In flask cluture level, the DHA productivity of Thraustochytriidae sp. Z105 was higher than most reported results, which suggested the wild type strain was a potential superior candidate for industrialization of DHA production. Moreover, the strain is an unique and valuable resource for investigation of the low temperature adaptive mechanism related to DHA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Athukorala Y, Hosseinian F, Mazza G. Extraction and fractionation of alkylresorcinols from triticale bran by two-step supercritical carbon dioxide. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2009.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dey ES, Mikhailopulo K. A food grade approach for the isolation of major alkylresorcinols (ARs) from rye bran applying tailored supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction combined with HPLC. J Supercrit Fluids 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Magnucka EG, Suzuki Y, Pietr SJ, Kozubek A, Zarnowski R. Cycloate, an inhibitor of fatty acid elongase, modulates the metabolism of very-long-side-chain alkylresorcinols in rye seedlings. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2009; 65:1065-1070. [PMID: 19479950 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cycloate inhibits the biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids, the essential constituents of plant waxes and suberin. Fatty acids also serve as precursors of aliphatic carbon chains in resorcinolic lipids, which play a fundamental role in the plant defence system against fungal pathogens. In this study, the effect of cycloate on the biosynthesis of 5-n-alkylresorcinols in rye seedlings (Secale cereale L.) grown under various light and thermal conditions was examined. RESULTS The content of alkylresorcinols biosynthesised in rye was generally increased by the herbicide in both green and etiolated plants. The presence of cycloate also affected patterns of alkylresorcinol homologues in plants grown at 15 and 22 degrees C; very-long-side-chain compounds were less abundant, whereas both short-chain saturated and unsaturated homologues were generally accumulated. No cycloate-related effects caused by homologue pattern modifications were observed at elevated temperature. CONCLUSION This study extends present understanding of the mode of action of thiocarbamate herbicides. Cycloate markedly affected the biosynthesis of very-long-side-chain resorcinolic lipids in rye seedlings, confirming the existence of parallels in both fatty acid and alkylresorcinol biosynthetic pathways. The observed cycloate-driven accumulation of 5-n-alkylresorcinols may improve the resistance of cereals to infections caused by microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta G Magnucka
- Agricultural Microbiology Lab, Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
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Kulawinek M, Jaromin A, Kozubek A, Zarnowski R. Alkylresorcinols in selected Polish rye and wheat cereals and whole-grain cereal products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:7236-7242. [PMID: 18666777 DOI: 10.1021/jf801707g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The alkylresorcinol content and homologue composition in selected Polish rye and wheat cultivars and selected whole-grain cereal products were determined in this study. Cereal grains and whole-grain cereal products were extracted with acetone, whereas bread types were extracted with hot 1-propanol. The average alkylresorcinol content in tested rye (approximately 1100 mg/kg DM) and wheat (approximately 800 mg/kg DM) grains harvested in Poland was within the range previously reported in Swedish and Finnish samples. The total alkylresorcinol content in tested cereal products available on the Polish market varied from very low levels in barley grain-based foods up to 3000 mg/kg DM in wheat bran. The total alkylresorcinol content in 14 bread samples extracted with hot 1-propanol varied from approximately 100 mg/kg DM in whole bread made with honey up to approximately 650 mg/kg DM in whole-rye bread. Calculated ratios of C17:0 to C21:0 homologues, a useful parameter previously used to distinguish between rye and wheat cereals and their derived products, was about 1.2-1.4 in rye products, about 0.2 in wheat products, and varied between 0.2 and 0.6 in cereal-derived products containing a mixture of whole rye and/or wheat. The data set obtained were subsequently compared using cluster and principal component analysis, which allowed the tested cereal products to be classified into two major groups consisting of whole-rye or whole-wheat products, respectively. On the basis of that approach, mixed cereal products containing rye and wheat bran or whole rye and wheat flour were grouped between those two well-defined clusters. Our work not only provides a detailed examination of alkylresorcinols in selected Polish rye and wheat cultivars and selected whole-grain cereal products, but also demonstrates that this type of analysis accompanied by the use of proper statistical algorithms offers an objective way to evaluate the quality of whole-grain rye and/or wheat and their derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Kulawinek
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland.
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KIM S, MURTHY H, HAHN E, LEE H, PAEK K. Parameters affecting the extraction of ginsenosides from the adventitious roots of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). Sep Purif Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2007.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Comparison of supercritical carbon dioxide and ethyl acetate extraction of alkylresorcinols from wheat and rye. J Food Compost Anal 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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da Cruz Francisco J, Danielsson B, Kozubek A, Dey ES. Extraction of rye bran by supercritical carbon dioxide: influence of temperature, CO2, and cosolvent flow rates. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:7432-7. [PMID: 16159169 DOI: 10.1021/jf058053t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Process parameter optimization for the supercritical CO(2) extraction of rye bran to obtain alkylresorcinols (AR) was studied by carrying out a two-level fractional design experiment. Four parameters, temperature, CO(2) flow rate, cosolvent percentage, and extraction time, presumed to influence the extraction process, were analyzed. A tentative fractionation of the crude extract was also carried out and is discussed. The best extracts were achieved when the CO(2) flow rate and extraction time or temperature and cosolvent addition were kept high. It was found that temperature increase was not statistically significant within the range of the study performed, and the extraction time was thus the most important factor. A preliminary fractionation process in two cyclone separators yielded two fractions, one rich in AR components with higher molecular weights and the other rich in AR components with low molecular weight.
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Ross AB, Aman P, Andersson R, Kamal-Eldin A. Chromatographic analysis of alkylresorcinols and their metabolites. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1054:157-64. [PMID: 15553140 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (AR) are phenolic lipids present in high amounts in the bran fraction of wheat and rye. AR are of scientific interest as bioactive compounds, as markers for the presence of wholegrain or bran fractions of wheat and rye in food products, and as possible biomarkers of intake for wholegrain wheat and rye. This review discusses their extraction from cereal grains, food and biological fluids, and the various chromatographic methods used in their analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair B Ross
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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