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Cagnetta GE, Martínez SR, Ibarra LE, Wendel A, Palacios RE, Chesta CA, Gómez ML. Photoactive broad-spectrum dressings with antimicrobial and antitumoral properties. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2025; 169:214158. [PMID: 39709689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.214158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Revised: 12/04/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024]
Abstract
In this work the development of photoactive dressings (PAD) with dual purpose, is presented. These PAD can be used for the topical treatment of persistent infections caused by fungi and bacteria and are also applicable in light antitumor therapy for carcinoma. The synthesized PAD were designed employing conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPN) doped with platinum porphyrin which serve as polymerization photoinitiators and photosensitizers for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This approach led to the synthesis of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) hydrogels co-polymerized with [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (METAC). NVP and METAC were selected to impart a good biocompatibility with eukaryotic cell lines and antimicrobial properties, respectively. The combination of METAC with an efficient photogeneration of ROS by doped CPN resulted in a material with outstanding antimicrobial features. These dressings are capable of producing an aseptic environment upon irradiation and demonstrates a bacteriostatic profile in dark conditions. Additionally, the dressings fulfill critical requirements for topical applications, providing protection and acting as a barrier, with appropriate mechanical and swelling properties; as well as adequate water vapor transmission rates. The synthesized PAD have been shown to be biocompatible and non-toxic to erythrocytes and HaCaT cell line. PAD demonstrated efficacy in eliminating microbes such as fungi and bacteria. The underlying light-induced killing mechanism involved protein photooxidation, which amplified the effects of METAC mechanism that disrupt cellular membranes. Furthermore, in vitro studies using carcinoma cell lines displayed a complete cell eradication using a relatively low light dose (36 J/cm2 at 395 nm). These promising results reveal also the potential of PAD in the treatment of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo E Cagnetta
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Campus Universitario, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Sol R Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Campus Universitario, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina.
| | - Luis E Ibarra
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Campus Universitario, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Ana Wendel
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Campus Universitario, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo E Palacios
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Campus Universitario, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Chesta
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Campus Universitario, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - María Lorena Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Campus Universitario, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina.
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Gheorghe-Barbu I, Czobor Barbu I, Dragomir RI, Marinaș IC, Stan MS, Pericleanu R, Dumbravă AȘ, Rotaru LI, Paraschiv S, Bănică LM, Pecete I, Oțelea D, Cristea VC, Popa MI, Țânțu MM, Surleac M. Emerging Resistance and Virulence Patterns in Salmonella enterica: Insights into Silver Nanoparticles as an Antimicrobial Strategy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2025; 14:46. [PMID: 39858332 PMCID: PMC11762817 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics14010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2024] [Revised: 12/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/01/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study aims to characterize antibiotic resistance (AR) and virulence markers in Salmonella spp. isolated from Romanian outpatients' stool samples. METHODS In 2019, community-acquired Salmonella strains were collected and identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, antibiotic susceptibility profiles have been determined with the MicroScan system, and soluble virulence factors were evaluated using specific culture media, while biofilm formation was quantified in 96-well plates. Molecular analysis targeted resistance genes for β-lactams (e.g., blaTEM and blaSHV); tetracyclines (e.g., tet(A)); sulphonamides; and quinolones, as well as virulence genes (e.g., invA, spvC, pldA, and held). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 19 selected isolates. A silver nanoparticles (AgNPsol) alternative to conventional antibiotics was tested for effectiveness against multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. RESULTS From the total of 309 Salmonella isolates (65.05% from children under 4 years of age) belonging to four subtypes and four serovars, 27.86% showed resistance to at least one antibiotic, most frequently to tetracycline, ampicillin, and piperacillin. The strains frequently expressed haemolysin (67%), aesculinase (65%), and gelatinase (62%). Resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was encoded by the sul1 gene in 44.83% of the strains and to tetracyclines by the tet(A) gene (59.52%). The ESBL genes blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M were detected by PCR in 16.18%, 2.91%, and 0.65% of the strains, respectively. Additionally, 98.63% of the strains carried the invA marker, with notable positive associations between blaSHV, qnrB, and sul1 with spvC. CONCLUSIONS The present findings revealed significant patterns in Salmonella isolates, subtypes, serovars, AR, and virulence, emphasising the need for continuous surveillance of Salmonella infections. Additionally, the potential of AgNPs as an alternative treatment option was demonstrated, particularly for paediatric S. enterica infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Gheorghe-Barbu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (I.G.-B.); (R.-I.D.); (R.P.); (A.Ș.D.); (L.-I.R.)
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.M.); (M.S.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Ilda Czobor Barbu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (I.G.-B.); (R.-I.D.); (R.P.); (A.Ș.D.); (L.-I.R.)
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.M.); (M.S.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Rareș-Ionuț Dragomir
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (I.G.-B.); (R.-I.D.); (R.P.); (A.Ș.D.); (L.-I.R.)
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.M.); (M.S.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Ioana Cristina Marinaș
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.M.); (M.S.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Miruna Silvia Stan
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.M.); (M.S.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Pericleanu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (I.G.-B.); (R.-I.D.); (R.P.); (A.Ș.D.); (L.-I.R.)
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.M.); (M.S.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Andreea Ștefania Dumbravă
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (I.G.-B.); (R.-I.D.); (R.P.); (A.Ș.D.); (L.-I.R.)
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.M.); (M.S.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Liviu-Iulian Rotaru
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (I.G.-B.); (R.-I.D.); (R.P.); (A.Ș.D.); (L.-I.R.)
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Prof. Dr. Matei Bals, 021105 Bucharest, Romania; (S.P.); (L.M.B.); (D.O.)
| | - Simona Paraschiv
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Prof. Dr. Matei Bals, 021105 Bucharest, Romania; (S.P.); (L.M.B.); (D.O.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (V.C.C.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Leontina Mirela Bănică
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Prof. Dr. Matei Bals, 021105 Bucharest, Romania; (S.P.); (L.M.B.); (D.O.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (V.C.C.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Ionuț Pecete
- Synevo Central Lab Romania, 021408 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Dan Oțelea
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Prof. Dr. Matei Bals, 021105 Bucharest, Romania; (S.P.); (L.M.B.); (D.O.)
| | - Violeta Corina Cristea
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (V.C.C.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Mircea Ioan Popa
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (V.C.C.); (M.I.P.)
- Cantacuzino National Medical Military Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marilena Monica Țânțu
- National University of Science and Technology Politechnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Medical Assistance and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sciences, Physical Education and Informatics, University of Pitești, 110040 Pitesti, Romania
| | - Marius Surleac
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.M.); (M.S.S.); (M.S.)
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Prof. Dr. Matei Bals, 021105 Bucharest, Romania; (S.P.); (L.M.B.); (D.O.)
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Nijil S, Bhat SG, Kedla A, Thomas MR, Kini S. A silver lining in MRSA treatment: The synergistic action of poloxamer-stabilized silver nanoparticles and methicillin against antimicrobial resistance. Microb Pathog 2024; 197:107087. [PMID: 39481693 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/26/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing antibiotic resistance in bacterial infections, including drug-resistant strains like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), necessitates innovative therapeutic solutions. Silver nanoparticles are promising for combating infections, but toxicity concerns emphasize the importance of factors like dosage, size, shape, and surface chemistry. Hence, exploring poloxamer as a stabilizing agent to reduce its toxicity and enhance the antibacterial effect on MRSA is investigated. METHODS Silver nanoparticles stabilized with poloxamer (AgNPs@Pol) were synthesized through the chemical reduction method and characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometer, HR-TEM, DLS, and Zeta potential measurements. Subsequently, the antibacterial activity of AgNPs@Pol alone and in combination with methicillin against MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was evaluated using the broth microdilution method. RESULTS AgNPs@Pol showed significant efficacy against MRSA and MSSA, achieving a 100 % reduction in colony-forming units (CFU) at 9.7 μg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against MRSA and MSSA was 8.6 μg/ml and 4.3 μg/ml, respectively. A synergistic effect was observed when AgNPs@Pol was combined with methicillin. Treatment with AgNPs@Pol increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in both strains, contributing to its antibacterial activity. Real-time qPCR analysis indicated the downregulation of genes involved in antimicrobial resistance and cell adhesion in both strains. Further, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay demonstrated low cytotoxicity for AgNPs@Pol against MCF-7, MG-63, and NIH-3T3 cell lines. CONCLUSION The developed AgNPs@Pol demonstrated extensive colloidal stability, potent antibacterial activity and synergistic effect with methicillin against MRSA and MSSA. Further studies in primary cells and in vivo models may validate its potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nijil
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Sinchana G Bhat
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Anushree Kedla
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Mahima Rachel Thomas
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Sudarshan Kini
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
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Pernas-Pleite C, Conejo-Martínez AM, Fernández Freire P, Hazen MJ, Marín I, Abad JP. Microalga Broths Synthesize Antibacterial and Non-Cytotoxic Silver Nanoparticles Showing Synergy with Antibiotics and Bacterial ROS Induction and Can Be Reused for Successive AgNP Batches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16183. [PMID: 38003373 PMCID: PMC10670984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The era of increasing bacterial antibiotic resistance requires new approaches to fight infections. With this purpose, silver-based nanomaterials are a reality in some fields and promise new developments. We report the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using culture broths from a microalga. Broths from two media, with different compositions and pHs and sampled at two growth phases, produced eight AgNP types. Nanoparticles harvested after several synthesis periods showed differences in antibacterial activity and stability. Moreover, an evaluation of the broths for several consecutive syntheses did not find relevant kinetics or activity differences until the third round. Physicochemical characteristics of the AgNPs (core and hydrodynamic sizes, Z-potential, crystallinity, and corona composition) were determined, observing differences depending on the broths used. AgNPs showed good antibacterial activity at concentrations producing no or low cytotoxicity on cultured eukaryotic cells. All the AgNPs had high levels of synergy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with the classic antibiotics streptomycin and kanamycin, but with ampicillin only against S. aureus and tetracycline against E. coli. Differences in the synergy levels were also dependent on the types of AgNPs. We also found that, for some AgNPs, the killing of bacteria started before the massive accumulation of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pernas-Pleite
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Building, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo M. Conejo-Martínez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Building, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Fernández Freire
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Building, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, 29049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Hazen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Building, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, 29049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irma Marín
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Building, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José P. Abad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Building, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Bai X, Chen T, Liu X, Liu Z, Ma R, Su R, Li X, Lü X, Xia X, Shi C. Antibacterial Activity and Possible Mechanism of Litsea cubeba Essential Oil Against Shigella sonnei and Its Application in Lettuce. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:138-148. [PMID: 37010405 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Shigella sonnei, the causative agents of bacillary dysentery, remains a significant threat to public health. Litsea cubeba essential oil (LC-EO), one of the natural essential oils, exhibited promising biological activities. In this study, the antibacterial effects and possible mechanisms of LC-EO on S. sonnei and its application in lettuce medium were investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of LC-EO against S. sonnei ATCC 25931 and CMCC 51592 was 4 and 6 μL/mL, respectively. The LC-EO could inhibit the growth of S. sonnei, and decreased S. sonnei to undetectable levels with 4 μL/mL for 1 h in Luria-Bertani broth. The antibacterial mechanism indicated that after the treatment of LC-EO, the production of reactive oxygen species and the activity of superoxide dismutase were significantly elevated in S. sonnei cells, and eventually led to the lipid oxidation product, the malondialdehyde content that significantly increased. Moreover, LC-EO at 2 MIC could destroy 96.51% of bacterial cell membrane integrity, and made S. sonnei cells to appear wrinkled with a rough surface, so that the intracellular adenosine triphosphate leakage was about 0.352-0.030 μmol/L. Finally, the results of application evaluation indicated that the addition of LC-EO at 4 μL/mL in lettuce leaves and 6 μL/mL in lettuce juice could decrease the number of S. sonnei to undetectable levels without remarkable influence on the lettuce leaf sensory quality. In summary, LC-EO exerted strong antibacterial activity and has the potential to control S. sonnei in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tianxiao Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Run Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ruiying Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin Lü
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Gonzalez Lopez EJ, Martínez SR, Aiassa V, Santamarina SC, Domínguez RE, Durantini EN, Heredia DA. Tuning the Molecular Structure of Corroles to Enhance the Antibacterial Photosensitizing Activity. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020392. [PMID: 36839714 PMCID: PMC9959985 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in the antibiotic resistance of bacteria is a serious threat to public health. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of micro-organisms is a reliable antimicrobial therapy to treat a broad spectrum of complex infections. The development of new photosensitizers with suitable properties is a key factor to consider in the optimization of this therapy. In this sense, four corroles were designed to study how the number of cationic centers can influence the efficacy of antibacterial photodynamic treatments. First, 5,10,15-Tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole (Co) and 5,15-bis(pentafluorophenyl)-10-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)corrole (Co-CF3) were synthesized, and then derivatized by nucleophilic aromatic substitution with 2-dimethylaminoethanol and 2-(dimethylamino)ethylamine, obtaining corroles Co-3NMe2 and Co-CF3-2NMe2, respectively. The straightforward synthetic strategy gave rise to macrocycles with different numbers of tertiary amines that can acquire positive charges in an aqueous medium by protonation at physiological pH. Spectroscopic and photodynamic studies demonstrated that their properties as chromophores and photosensitizers were unaffected, regardless of the substituent groups on the periphery. All tetrapyrrolic macrocycles were able to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) by both photodynamic mechanisms. Uptake experiments, the level of ROS produced in vitro, and PDI treatments mediated by these compounds were assessed against clinical strains: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In vitro experiments indicated that the peripheral substitution significantly affected the uptake of the photosensitizers by microbes and, consequently, the photoinactivation performance. Co-3NMe2 was the most effective in killing both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (inactivation > 99.99%). This work lays the foundations for the development of new corrole derivatives having pH-activable cationic groups and with plausible applications as effective broad-spectrum antimicrobial photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin J. Gonzalez Lopez
- IDAS-CONCIET-UNRC, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Argentina
| | - Sol R. Martínez
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Argentina
| | - Virginia Aiassa
- UNITEFA-CONICET, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Sofía C. Santamarina
- IDAS-CONCIET-UNRC, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo E. Domínguez
- INFIQC-CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N. Durantini
- IDAS-CONCIET-UNRC, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Argentina
| | - Daniel A. Heredia
- IDAS-CONCIET-UNRC, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Argentina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-0358-4676-538
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7
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Celebi D, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Baser S, Genc S, Yilmaz A, Yeni Y, Yesilyurt F, Yildirim S, Bolat I, Kordali S, Yilmaz F, Hacimuftuoglu A, Celebi O, Margina D, Nitulescu GM, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A. Effects of boric acid and potassium metaborate on cytokine levels and redox stress parameters in a wound model infected with methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:294. [PMID: 35920188 PMCID: PMC9366158 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are usually found in hospital settings and, frequently, in patients with open wounds. One of the most critical virulence factors affecting the severity and recurrence of infections is the biofilm; increasing antibiotic resistance due to biofilm formation has led to the search for alternative compounds to antibiotics. The present study aimed to use boric acid and potassium metaborate against MRSA infection in a fibroblast wound model. For this purpose, a two‑part experiment was designed: First, MRSA strains were used for the test, and both boric acid and potassium metaborate were prepared in microdilution. In the second step, an MRSA wound model was prepared using a fibroblast culture, and treatments with boric acid and potassium metaborate were applied for 24 h. For the evaluation of the effects of treatment, cell viability assay (MTT assay), analysis of redox stress parameters, including total oxidant status and total antioxidant capacity analyses, lactate dehydrogenase analysis and immunohistochemical staining were performed. In addition, IL‑1β and IL‑10 gene expression levels were assayed. According to the results, potassium metaborate was more effective and exhibited a lower toxicity to fibroblast cells compared to boric acid; moreover, potassium metaborate decreased the level of prooxidant species and increased the antioxidant status more effectively than boric acid. The IL‑1β level in the bacteria group was high; however, boric acid and potassium metaborate significantly decreased the expression levels of inflammatory markers, exhibiting the potential to improve the resolution of the lesion. On the whole, the findings of the present study suggest that boric acid and potassium metaborate may be effective on the tested microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Celebi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Sumeyye Baser
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sidika Genc
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Seyh Edebali University, 11000 Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yesim Yeni
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yesilyurt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ismail Bolat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Saban Kordali
- Department of Plant Protection, Fethiye Faculty of Agriculture, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, 48000 Mugla, Turkey
| | - Ferah Yilmaz
- Department of Plant Protection, Fethiye Faculty of Agriculture, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, 48000 Mugla, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Celebi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Denisa Margina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - George Mihai Nitulescu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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Rafique H, Hussain N, Saeed MU, Iqbal HM, Azim G, Bilal M. Linezolid-resistance Staphylococcus aureus – Prevalence, Emerging Resistance Mechanisms, Challenges and Perspectives. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 16:1492-1505. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, an opportunistic pathogen, can root several infections viz skin and tissue infections, bacteraemia, food poisoning, pneumonia, and many other clinical conditions with some variations of virulence factors. In treatment of infections, caused by this Gram-positive pathogen, several antibiotics are being used importantly Methicillin and Vancomycin. This pathogen has high capability of antibiotic resistance development and had evolved new strains such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA). Meta-analysis in Ethiopia showed that pooled prevalence of MRSA in environment, food, animal, and human was 54%, 77%, 15%, and 38% respectively (2022). Risk of MRSA isolates from burn ICU was 55 % higher (2018). In Bangladesh, 37.1% isolates from frozen meat chicken (2021) were identified as MRSA. This problem is being dealt with a novel drug called Linezolid which has been proved effective against both MRSA and VRSA. Exacerbating the situation, this pathogen has shown resistance against this unprecedented drug by means of a number of drug resistance mechanisms. Its prevalence has been reporting since the adoption of the drug, but with a minute ratio at one time/place to the very high percentage at another time/place. This inconsistent prevalence must not be ignored, and its surveillance should be augmented as antibiotic treatment is critical for fighting against microbial infections. This review highlights the worldwide reports in which Staphylococcus aureus of either wildtype or Methicillin or Vancomycin resistance that have shown resistance to Linezolid drug for the past 2 decades. At the same time where incidences of Linezolid Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LRSA) indications are reporting, there is a call for comprehensive strategies to overcome this challenge of antibiotic resistance.
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Turgimbayeva A, Zein U, Zharkov DO, Ramankulov Y, Saparbaev M, Abeldenov S. Cloning and characterization of the major AP endonuclease from Staphylococcus aureus. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 119:103390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Krueger A, Mohamed A, Kolka CM, Stoll T, Zaugg J, Linedale R, Morrison M, Soyer HP, Hugenholtz P, Frazer IH, Hill MM. Skin Cancer-Associated S. aureus Strains Can Induce DNA Damage in Human Keratinocytes by Downregulating DNA Repair and Promoting Oxidative Stress. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2143. [PMID: 35565272 PMCID: PMC9106025 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinic keratosis (AK) is a premalignant lesion, common on severely photodamaged skin, that can progress over time to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A high bacterial load of Staphylococcus aureus is associated with AK and SCC, but it is unknown whether this has a direct impact on skin cancer development. To determine whether S. aureus can have cancer-promoting effects on skin cells, we performed RNA sequencing and shotgun proteomics on primary human keratinocytes after challenge with sterile culture supernatant ('secretome') from four S. aureus clinical strains isolated from AK and SCC. Secretomes of two of the S. aureus strains induced keratinocytes to overexpress biomarkers associated with skin carcinogenesis and upregulated the expression of enzymes linked to reduced skin barrier function. Further, these strains induced oxidative stress markers and all secretomes downregulated DNA repair mechanisms. Subsequent experiments on an expanded set of lesion-associated S. aureus strains confirmed that exposure to their secretomes led to increased oxidative stress and DNA damage in primary human keratinocytes. A significant correlation between the concentration of S. aureus phenol soluble modulin toxins in secretome and the secretome-induced level of oxidative stress and genotoxicity in keratinocytes was observed. Taken together, these data demonstrate that secreted compounds from lesion-associated clinical isolates of S. aureus can have cancer-promoting effects in keratinocytes that may be relevant to skin oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Krueger
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (A.K.); (R.L.); (M.M.); (I.H.F.)
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Ahmed Mohamed
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Cathryn M. Kolka
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Thomas Stoll
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Julian Zaugg
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.Z.); (P.H.)
| | - Richard Linedale
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (A.K.); (R.L.); (M.M.); (I.H.F.)
| | - Mark Morrison
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (A.K.); (R.L.); (M.M.); (I.H.F.)
| | - H. Peter Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia;
- Dermatology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Philip Hugenholtz
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.Z.); (P.H.)
| | - Ian H. Frazer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (A.K.); (R.L.); (M.M.); (I.H.F.)
| | - Michelle M. Hill
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (A.K.); (R.L.); (M.M.); (I.H.F.)
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.K.); (T.S.)
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
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DNA glycosylases for 8-oxoguanine repair in Staphylococcus aureus. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 105:103160. [PMID: 34192601 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
GO system is part of base excision DNA repair and is required for the correct repair of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), one of the most abundant oxidative lesions. Due to the ability of 8-oxoG to mispair with A, this base is highly mutagenic, and its repair requires two enzymes: Fpg that removes 8-oxoG from 8-oxoG:C pairs, and MutY that excises the normal A from 8-oxoG:A mispairs. Here we characterize the properties of putative GO system DNA glycosylases from Staphylococcus aureus, an important human opportunistic pathogen that causes hospital infections and presents a serious health concern due to quick spread of antibiotic-resistant strains. In addition to Fpg and MutY from the reference NCTC 8325 strain (SauFpg1 and SauMutY), we have also studied an Fpg homolog from a multidrug-resistant C0673 isolate (SauFpg2), which is different from SauFpg1 in its sequence. Both SauFpg enzymes showed the highest activity at pH 7.0-9.0 and NaCl concentrations 25-75 mM (SauFpg1) or 50-100 mM (SauFpg2), whereas SauMutY was active at a broad pH range and had a salt optimum at ∼75 mM NaCl. Both SauFpg1 and SauFpg2 bound and cleaved duplexes containing 8-oxoG, 5-hydroxyuracil, 5,6-dihydrouracil or apurinic/apyrimidinic site paired with C, T, or G, but not with A. For SauFpg1 and SauFpg2, 8-oxoG was the best substrate tested, and 5,6-dihydrouracil was the worst one. SauMutY efficiently excised adenine from duplex substrates containing A:8-oxoG or A:G pairs. SauFpg enzymes were readily trapped on DNA by NaBH4 treatment, indicating formation of a Schiff base reaction intermediate. Surprisingly, SauMutY was also trapped significantly better than its E. coli homolog. All three S. aureus GO glycosylases drastically reduced spontaneous mutagenesis when expressed in an fpg mutY E. coli double mutant. Overall, we conclude that S. aureus possesses an active GO system, which could possibly be targeted for sensitization of this pathogen to oxidative stress.
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