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Wang N, Sun R, Ma X, Wang X, Zhou J. Prediction of the joint action of binary mixtures based on characteristic parameter k∙EC x from concentration-response curves. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 215:112155. [PMID: 33756291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of joint toxicity of mixtures is an important topic in toxicology. Previous studies have found that the parameter k∙ECx of concentration response curves (CRCs) can be used to assess the applicability of concentration addition model (CA). This study further assesses the predictability of k∙ECx on the joint toxicity evaluation. The toxicities of the twelve environmental pollutants, as well as those of binary mixtures with an equivalent-effect concentration ratio, to Vibrio fischeri were determined by using the microplate toxicity analysis. The toxicity evaluation of mixtures was conducted by CA and independent action model (IA). The relationship between the joint toxicity (measured by the relative model deviation ratio (rMDR)) and the k∙ECx was studied. The results shows that the k∙ECx could reflect the shape of CRCs in the whole concentration range. According to the IA and CA, 65% of the mixtures produce strong antagonistic or synergistic effect due to the significant difference of k∙ECx. The percentage of the relative difference of k∙ECx of components and the rMDRx can be fitted by an exponential function. Different types of interactions could be described using this function. It is suggested that the joint toxicity of binary mixtures can be assessed with the parameter k∙ECx, which can quickly get very important data when planning experiments, but also reduce the number of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ruru Sun
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaochang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinhong Zhou
- College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi 721013, China
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Wei S, Wang F, Chen Y, Lan T, Zhang S. The joint toxicity effect of five antibiotics and dibutyl phthalate to luminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:26504-26511. [PMID: 29987471 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics and phthalate esters are two kinds of emerging pollutants and are ubiquitous in the aquatic ecosystem. To date, few studies analyzed the combined toxicity of the mixtures of antibiotics and phthalate esters, and their joint toxicity effect mode remains unknown. Here, we investigated the single and joint toxicity of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and five antibiotics, namely, oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC), chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTC), sulfamethazine (SMZ), sulfamerazine (SMR), and sulfadiazine (SD), to luminescent bacteria of Vibrio fischeri. The median effect concentration (EC50) values of the test chemicals were ranked as CTC (6.67 mg/L) > OTC (25.12 mg/L) > SD (67.61 mg/L) > SMR (141.51 mg/L) > DBP (148.38 mg/L) > SMZ (245.07 mg/L). The joint toxicities of the binary mixtures of antibiotics and DBP were evaluated by the concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) models. The joint toxicity effects of CTC-DBP, OTC-DBP, SMZ-DBP, SMR-DBP, and SD-DBP all appeared to be synergism. Our study revealed that sulfonamides combined with DBP could be as toxic as or even more toxic than tetracycline. Thus, the joint toxicity effect should be considered when assessing the ecological risks of binary or multicomponent pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fenghe Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, School of Geography Science, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yajun Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, School of Geography Science, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tao Lan
- China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shengtian Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, China.
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Qian L, Cui F, Yang Y, Liu Y, Qi S, Wang C. Mechanisms of developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) induced by boscalid. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:478-487. [PMID: 29631138 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Boscalid has been widely used for controlling various plant diseases. It is one of the most frequently detected pesticides in main coastal estuaries in California, with concentrations as high as 36μg/L, but its ecotoxicology information is scarce. To assess the aquatic risk of boscalid, acute toxicity and sub-lethal developmental toxicity toward zebrafish embryos were determined in the present study. In the acute toxicity test, a series of toxic symptoms of embryos were observed, including abnormal spontaneous movement, slow heartbeat, yolk sac oedema, pericardial oedema, spine deformation and hatching inhibition, and 96-h-LC50 (50% lethal concentration) of boscalid toward zebrafish embryos was 2.65 (2.506-2.848)mg/L. From the results of the sub-lethal developmental toxicity test, boscalid was confirmed to have a great impact on development mechanisms of zebrafish embryos. Cell apoptosis in embryos was induced by boscalid with upregulation of genes in the cell apoptosis and an increase of capspase-3 and caspase-9 activity in the present study. Lipid metabolism was affected in embryos due to changes in gene expression and the contents of total triacylglyceride and cholesterol. Melanin synthesis and deposition was caused in embryos due to alterations in related gene expression. Overall, changes in cell apoptosis, lipid metabolism and melanin synthesis and deposition might be responsible for developmental toxicity of boscalid to zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Qian
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Cui
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Suzhen Qi
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Gainer A, Cousins M, Hogan N, Siciliano SD. Petroleum hydrocarbon mixture toxicity and a trait-based approach to soil invertebrate species for site-specific risk assessments. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:2222-2234. [PMID: 29729033 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although petroleum hydrocarbons released to the environment typically occur as mixtures, petroleum hydrocarbon remediation guidelines often reflect individual substance toxicity. It is well documented that groups of aliphatic petroleum hydrocarbons act via the same mechanism of action (nonpolar narcosis) and, theoretically, concentration addition mixture toxicity principles apply. To assess this theory, 10 standardized acute and chronic soil invertebrate toxicity tests on a range of organisms (Eisenia fetida, Lumbricus terrestris, Enchytraeus crypticus, Folsomia candida, Oppia nitens, and Hypoaspis aculeifer) were conducted with a refined petroleum hydrocarbon binary mixture. Reference models for concentration addition and independent action were applied to the mixture toxicity data with consideration of synergism, antagonism, and dose level toxicity. Both concentration addition and independent action, without further interactions, provided the best fit with observed response to the mixture. Individual fraction effective concentration values were predicted from optimized, fitted reference models. Concentration addition provided a better estimate than independent action of individual fraction effective concentrations based on comparison with available literature and species trends observed in toxic responses to the mixture. Interspecies differences in standardized laboratory soil invertebrate species responses to petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil was reflected in unique traits. Diets that included soil, large body size, permeable cuticle, low lipid content, lack of ability to molt, and no maternal transfer were traits linked to a sensitive survival response to petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil in laboratory tests. Traits linked to sensitive reproduction response in organisms tested were long life span and small clutch size. By deriving single-fraction toxicity endpoints considerate of mixtures, we can reduce the resources and time required to conduct site-specific risk assessments for the protection of a soil organism's exposure pathway. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2222-2234. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gainer
- Toxicology Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mark Cousins
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Natacha Hogan
- Toxicology Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Animal Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Steven D Siciliano
- Toxicology Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Production of Fish Protein Hydrolysates from Scyliorhinus canicula Discards with Antihypertensive and Antioxidant Activities by Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Mathematical Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15100306. [PMID: 28994711 PMCID: PMC5666414 DOI: 10.3390/md15100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish discards are of major concern in new EU policies. Alternatives for the management of the new biomass that has to be landed is compulsory. The production of bioactive compounds from fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) has been explored in recent years. However, the viability of Scyliorhinus canicula discards, which might account for up to 90-100% of captures in mixed trawler, gillnet, and longline industrial fisheries, to produce FPH from the muscle with bioactivities has still not been studied in terms of the optimization of the experimental conditions to enhance its production. The effect of pH and temperature on the hydrolysis of the S.canicula muscle was mediated by three commercial proteases using response surface methodology. Temperatures of 64.6 °C and 60.8 °C and pHs of 9.40 and 8.90 were established as the best hydrolysis conditions for Alcalase and Esperase, respectively. Optimization of the best conditions for the maximization of antihypertensive and antioxidant activities was performed. Higher Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was found with Esperase. The pH optimum and temperature optimum for antioxidants were 55 °C/pH8.0 for ABTS/DPPH-Esperase, 63.1 °C/pH9.0 for DPPH-Alcalase, and 55 °C/pH9.0 for ABTS-Alcalase. No hydrolysis was detected when using Protamex.
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Ding K, Lu L, Wang J, Wang J, Zhou M, Zheng C, Liu J, Zhang C, Zhuang S. In vitro and in silico investigations of the binary-mixture toxicity of phthalate esters and cadmium (II) to Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 580:1078-1084. [PMID: 27993475 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are widely used as plasticizers and have become one of the emerging contaminants with an increasing public concern. The residues of PAEs frequently co-exist with heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) in waters; however, their joint ecotoxicity remains largely unknown. We herein investigated the single and joint toxicity of commonly used PAEs and Cd using freshwater luminescent bacteria Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67. The median effective concentration (EC50) of benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP) were determined to be in the range from 134.4mg/L to as high as 1000mg/L, indicating very weak toxicity to Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67. The toxicity of single PAEs showed a significant linear relationship with Log Kow, indicating the dependence of the elevated toxicity on the increasing hydrophilicity. The toxicity of binary mixture of PAEs was further evaluated in silico using the independent action (IA) model and concentration addition (CA) model. DMP-DEP, DEP-DBP or DMP-DBP exhibited antagonistic effects with the toxic unit value higher than 1.2. The CA and IA models poorly predicted the joint toxicity of DMP-DEP, DEP-DBP or DMP-DBP. The joint toxicity of the binary mixtures of DMP, DEP or DBP with Cd was simple additive as predicted by the CA and IA models. Our results indicated the potentially higher risk of PAEs in the presence of Cd, emphasizing the importance of determining the impact of their joint effects on aquatic organisms. The integrated in vitro and in silico methods employed in this study will be beneficial to study the joint toxicity and better assess the aquatic ecological risk of PAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Ding
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Liping Lu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingpeng Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Minqiang Zhou
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cunwu Zheng
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Zhejiang Province Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310005, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Shulin Zhuang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316022, China.
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Gharred T, Jebali J, Belgacem M, Mannai R, Achour S. Assessment of the individual and mixture toxicity of cadmium, copper and oxytetracycline, on the embryo-larval development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:18064-18072. [PMID: 27259955 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6988-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiple pollutions by trace metals and pharmaceuticals have become one of the most important problems in marine coastal areas because of its excessive toxicity on organisms living in this area. This study aimed to assess the individual and mixture toxicity of Cu, Cd, and oxytetracycline frequently existing in the contaminated marine areas and the embryo-larval development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The individual contamination of the spermatozoid for 1 h with the increasing concentrations of Cd, Cu, and OTC decreases the fertility rate and increases larvae anomalies in the order Cu > Cd > OTC. Moreover, the normal larva frequency and the length of spicules were more sensitive than the fertilization rate and normal gastrula frequency endpoints. The mixture toxicity assessed by multiple experimental designs showed clearly that concentrations of Cd, Cu, and OTC superior to 338 μg/L, 0.56 μg/L, and 0.83 mg/L, respectively, cause significant larva malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahar Gharred
- Research Laboratory "Bioresources: Integrative Biology andValorisation", High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Jamel Jebali
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomic Sciences of Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Belgacem
- Research Laboratory "Bioresources: Integrative Biology andValorisation", High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rabeb Mannai
- Research Laboratory "Bioresources: Integrative Biology andValorisation", High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sami Achour
- Research Laboratory "Bioresources: Integrative Biology andValorisation", High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Gharred T, Ezzine IK, Naija A, Bouali RR, Jebali J. Assessment of toxic interactions between deltamethrin and copper on the fertility and developmental events in the Mediterranean sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:193. [PMID: 25792023 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin pesticide and copper have intensively been used in agriculture and industrial activities and can finally reach the marine ecosystem at high concentrations affecting the health of organisms. In this study, we assessed under laboratory conditions the toxic interactions between deltamethrin and copper and their effects on the fertility rate, cell mitotic division rate, and embryo developmental events of the sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus). The exposure of sperm to increasing concentrations of deltamethrin (6.10(-5) and 6.10(-2) μg/L) and copper (50 and 100 μg/L) or to their mixture (6.10(-5) μg/L of deltamethrin and 50 μg/L of CuSO4) caused a significant alteration on the fertilizing capability of spermatozoids. Concentration-dependent toxic effects on the early cleavage in P. lividus were observed in groups treated with copper, deltamethrin, and their mixture. The kinetics of early divisions was accelerated and the average size of pluteus larvae was decreased under pollutant treatments. Several developmental anomalies were identified in pluteus, including crossed skeletal tips at the hood apex, joined or atrophied arms, and alteration of general larva shape. In conclusion, the sea urchin represents a suitable and sensitive model for testing the toxicity and the effects of deltamethrin pesticide and copper in sea water. In addition, the sensitivity of various end points to studied contaminants, proved their utility in the infield biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahar Gharred
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biology Integrative and Valorization, High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia,
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