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Fan X, Fu Q, Liu G, Jia H, Dong X, Li YF, Cui S. Applying molecular oxygen for organic pollutant degradation: Strategies, mechanisms, and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 22:100469. [PMID: 39262838 PMCID: PMC11387708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen (O2) is an environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and non-toxic oxidant. Activation of O2 generates various highly oxidative reactive oxygen species (ROS), which efficiently degrade pollutants with minimal environmental impact. Despite extensive research on the application of O2 activation in environmental remediation, a comprehensive review addressing this topic is currently lacking. This review provides an informative overview of recent advancements in O2 activation, focusing on three primary strategies: photocatalytic activation, chemical activation, and electrochemical activation of O2. We elucidate the respective mechanisms of these activation methods and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, we thoroughly analyze the influence of oxygen supply, reactive temperature, and pH on the O2 activation process. From electron transfer and energy transfer perspectives, we explore the pathways for ROS generation during O2 activation. Finally, we address the challenges faced by researchers in this field and discuss future prospects for utilizing O2 activation in pollution control applications. This detailed analysis enhances our understanding and provides valuable insights for the practical implementation of organic pollutant degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Fan
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Research Center for Eco-Environment Protection of Songhua River Basin, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Research Center for Eco-Environment Protection of Songhua River Basin, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Guorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Hongliang Jia
- IJRC-PTS, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Xiaolong Dong
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Research Center for Eco-Environment Protection of Songhua River Basin, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Research Center for Eco-Environment Protection of Songhua River Basin, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Song Cui
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Research Center for Eco-Environment Protection of Songhua River Basin, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
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Zeng Z, Zhang Q, Ye F, Dang X, Jiang X, Lv G, Wang X, Peng H, Fang D, Xiao H, Zhang Y, Wu G, Mao J, Ahmad M, Deng S. Bioprotective Respirator Assembled by Defective Carbon Nitride for Long-Term Light Triggered Health Protection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403098. [PMID: 38898726 PMCID: PMC11336926 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Wearing face masks is the best way to stop the spread of respiratory infections. However, if masks are not sterilized, changing them too frequently can actually increase the risk of cross-contamination. Herein, the construction of an antipathogen photocatalytic mask with carbon vacancy-modified carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C3N4-VC Ns) coated on the non-woven fabrics of the out layer of the mask, offering effective and long-term protection against damaging pathogens when exposed to light is reported. The introduced carbon vacancies are found capable of creating energy-disordered sites and inducing energetic electric force to overcome the Coulomb interactions between electron-hole pairs, thus promoting the electron-hole separation to achieve a high generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thanks to its high activity in generating ROS upon exposure to light, the as-prepared photocatalytic mask shows high pathogen sterilization performance. This, in turn, prolongs the mask's protective lifetime, decreases the need for regular replacement, and decreases medical waste production. The work demonstrated here opens new viewpoints in designing pathogens biocidal protective devices for health protection, offering significant promise in specific environment self-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Zeng
- College of Environmental SciencesSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130P. R. China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Center of Agricultural Environmental Pollution ControlChengdu611130P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Environmental SciencesSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130P. R. China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Center of Agricultural Environmental Pollution ControlChengdu611130P. R. China
| | - Fei Ye
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied ChemistrySchool of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004P. R. China
| | - Xueming Dang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education)School of Environmental Science and TechnologyDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024P. R. China
| | - Xin Jiang
- School of Environment and EnergyJiangxi Modern Polytechnic CollegeNanchang330095P. R. China
| | - Guochun Lv
- College of Environmental SciencesSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- College of Environmental SciencesSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130P. R. China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Center of Agricultural Environmental Pollution ControlChengdu611130P. R. China
| | - Hong Peng
- College of Environmental SciencesSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130P. R. China
| | - Dexin Fang
- College of Environmental SciencesSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130P. R. China
| | - Hong Xiao
- College of Environmental SciencesSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130P. R. China
| | - Yanzong Zhang
- College of Environmental SciencesSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130P. R. China
| | - Ganxue Wu
- College of Environmental SciencesSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130P. R. China
| | - Jie Mao
- Research Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085P. R. China
| | - Munir Ahmad
- Institute of Carbon NeutralityZhejiang Wanli UniversityNingbo315100P. R. China
| | - Shihuai Deng
- College of Environmental SciencesSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130P. R. China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Center of Agricultural Environmental Pollution ControlChengdu611130P. R. China
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Zhao Y, Sun M, Zhou F, Xu G. Ultratrace Aromatic Anhydride Dopant as Intermediate Island to Promote Charge Transfer of Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Enhancing the Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1858-1868. [PMID: 38182430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
In this work, 0.75 wt ‰ 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic anhydride (PDA) as a novel dopant was utilized to obtain modified graphitic carbon nitride with ultratrace doping (3MCN-PDA3) by facile thermal polymerization. Characterization of the microstructure, surface state, and porosity properties of the samples indicated that 3MCN-PDA3 has a thinner sheet-like, larger-scale, and tighter lamellar stacking structure than that of pristine graphitic carbon nitride (3MCN). Based on photo/electrochemical analysis, the PDA dopant formed an extended coplanar conjugated system by anhydride-amine thermal condensation with heptazine rings, and the channels of amide covalent bonds and superconjugation of the solitary pair of electrons of the nitrogen atoms of PDA synergistically promoted the charge transport performance of 3MCN-PDA3. Under visible light, the photodegradation efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB) over 3MCN-PDA3 reached 92.4% in 60 min and realized almost entire removal in 200 min (99.2%), 1.43 times that of 3MCN. Furthermore, the experimental results and generalized density theory calculations confirmed that PDA acts as an intermediate molecular island and constructs an efficient carrier transfer pathway between different heptazine units. The results indicate that PDA is a promising candidate to enhance the charge transfer performance through ultratrace doping in the large-scale preparation and application of the graphitic carbon nitride photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuren Zhao
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenliao West Road 111, Economic & Technological Development Zone, 110870 Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Mingyue Sun
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenliao West Road 111, Economic & Technological Development Zone, 110870 Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhou
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenliao West Road 111, Economic & Technological Development Zone, 110870 Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Ge Xu
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenliao West Road 111, Economic & Technological Development Zone, 110870 Shenyang, P. R. China
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Jing L, Xie M, Xu Y, Tong C, Song Y, Du X, Zhao H, Zhong N, Li H, Gates ID, Hu J. O-doped and nitrogen vacancies 3D C3N4 activation of peroxydisulfate for pollutants degradation and transfer hydrogenation of nitrophenols with water. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Zhang Y, Yuan J, Ding Y, Zhang B, Zhang S, Liu B. Metal-free N-GQDs/P-g-C3N4 photocatalyst with broad-spectrum response: Enhanced exciton dissociation and charge migration for promoting H2 evolution and tetracycline degradation. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Guo X, Rao L, Shi Z. Preparation of High-Porosity B-TiO 2/C 3N 4 Composite Materials: Adsorption-Degradation Capacity and Photo-Regeneration Properties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148683. [PMID: 35886535 PMCID: PMC9319032 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption can quickly remove pollutants in water, while photocatalysis can effectively decompose organic matter. B-TiO2/g-C3N4 ternary composite photocatalytic materials were prepared by molten method, and their adsorption-degradation capability under visible light conditions was discussed. The morphology of the B-TiO2/g-C3N4 materials was inspected by SEM, TEM, BET, and EDS, and the results showed that close interfacial connections between TiO2 and g-C3N4, which are favorable for charge transfer between these two semiconductors, formed heterojunctions with suitable band structure which was contributed by the molten B2O3. Meanwhile, the molten B2O3 effectively increased the specific surface area of TiO2/C3N4 materials, thereby increasing the active sites and reducing the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and improving the photocatalytic degradation abilities of TiO2 and g-C3N4. Elsewhere, the crystal structure analysis (XRD, XPS, FTIR) results indicated that the polar -B=O bond formed a new structure with TiO2 and g-C3N4, which is not only beneficial for inhibiting the recombination of electron holes but also improving the photocatalytic activity. By removal experiment, the adsorption and degradation performances of B-TiO2/g-C3N4 composite material were found to be 8.5 times and 3.4 times higher than that of g-C3N4. Above all, this study prepared a material for removing water pollutants with high efficiency and provides theoretical support and experimental basis for the research on the synergistic removal of pollutants by adsorption and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Guo
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (X.G.); (Z.S.)
| | - Lei Rao
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Zhenyu Shi
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (X.G.); (Z.S.)
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7
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Sohail M, Anwar U, Taha T, I. A. Qazi H, Al-Sehemi AG, Ullah S, Gharni H, Ahmed I, Amin MA, Palamanit A, Iqbal W, Alharthi S, Nawawi W, Ajmal Z, Ali H, Hayat A. Nanostructured Materials Based on g-C3N4 for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity and Potentials Application: A Review. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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8
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Liu X, Xu C, Xiao C, Tang Y, Chen X, Chen Y, Si Y, Zhu L, Wang X. Insights into the evaluation of photocatalytic quenching experimental results by degrading a dye. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Enhanced photoelectrochemical aptasensing triggered by nitrogen deficiency and cyano group simultaneously engineered 2D carbon nitride for sensitively monitoring atrazine. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 206:114144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Song Q, Hu J, Zhou Y, Ye Q, Shi X, Li D, Jiang D. Carbon vacancy-mediated exciton dissociation in Ti 3C 2T x/g-C 3N 4 Schottky junctions for efficient photoreduction of CO 2. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 623:487-499. [PMID: 35597018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Earth-abundant g-C3N4 is a promising photocatalyst for CO2 reduction, but its practical application is severely limited by the excitonic effect of g-C3N4 derived from strong binding energy and lack of electron-enriched active sites. Herein, we design a novel 2D/2D Schottky junction photocatalysts comprising of Ti3C2Tx-modified defective g-C3N4 nanosheets with carbon vacancy (denoted as Ti3C2Tx/Vc-CN) by a self-assembly method. The carbon vacancies in g-C3N4 promote exciton dissociation into free charge, while the formed Schottky junctions between Ti3C2Tx and Vc-CN further enables a directional charge transfer, thus providing an electron-rich catalytic surface for the CO2 reduction. Thanks to the synergy of promoted exciton dissociation and directional electron transfer, the optimal 20% Ti3C2Tx/Vc-CN display a high CO evolution rate of 20.54 µmol·g-1·h-1 under visible light irradiation, which is 7.4 times higher than that of bare CN. This work highlights the synergy of the promoted exciton dissociation and directional electron transfer in the activity enhancement of photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiahui Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yimeng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qianjin Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiangli Shi
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Di Li
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Deli Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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11
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Ku C, Guo H, Li K, Wu Q, Yan L. One-step fabrication of mesoporous sulfur-doped carbon nitride for highly selective photocatalytic transformation of native lignin to monophenolic compounds. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Hang J, Yi XH, Wang CC, Fu H, Wang P, Zhao Y. Heterogeneous photo-Fenton degradation toward sulfonamide matrix over magnetic Fe 3S 4 derived from MIL-100(Fe). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127415. [PMID: 34634703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic Fe3S4 was facilely derived from MIL-100(Fe) as the precursor and thioacetamide (TAA) as the sulfur source under hydrothermal condition. The as-prepared Fe3S4 was adopted as catalyst to promote the photo-Fenton process, in which sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was used as representative pollutant sample to test the oxidative degradation performance of Fe3S4. The results showed that Fe3S4 exhibited excellent photo-Fenton-like oxidation decomposition performances toward sulfamethoxazole (SMX) under both UV and visible light. A possible degradation mechanism over Fe3S4 in the photo-Fenton reaction is put forward based on quenching experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR). About 41% total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) over the as-prepared Fe3S4 can be accomplished within 40 min. As well, different sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) like sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfisoxazole (SIM) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) were selected to further investigate the oxidative degradation activity of Fe3S4 in this photo-Fenton-like reaction system, in which the possible degradation pathways of SMX, SIM and SDZ were put forward based on UHPLC-MS analysis. This work provided a new strategy to prepare magnetic Fe3S4 as catalyst for advanced oxidation process, which can be easily separated from the treated water samples to accomplish facile recovery and recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation/Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation/Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Chong-Chen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation/Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China.
| | - Huifen Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation/Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation/Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Yijiang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, No.111 West Changjiang Road, Huaian 223300, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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13
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Crystalline phase formation of Na2W2O7 using microwave-assisted solution combustion synthesis for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants from aqueous solutions. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Gao Q, Cui Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Liu B, Liu C. Construction of Z–scheme 1D CdS nanorods/2D ultrathin CeO2 nanosheets toward enhanced photodegradation and hydrogen evolution. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Jiang L, Yang J, Yuan X, Guo J, Liang J, Tang W, Chen Y, Li X, Wang H, Chu W. Defect engineering in polymeric carbon nitride photocatalyst: Synthesis, properties and characterizations. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 296:102523. [PMID: 34534750 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymer carbon nitride (CN) has unique structure and electronic properties, making it attractive in photocatalysis fields. However, the photocatalytic efficiency of the pristine CN photocatalyst is still unsatisfactory. In this regard, the introduction of vacancy defects can effectively tune photoelectric properties of CN photocatalyst through tailoring the electronic structure and bandgap engineering. In this review, the effect of vacancy defects on CN is reviewed from the aspects of light absorption, charge separation and surface photoreactivity of CN. Meanwhile, the current progress in the design of vacancy defects with the classified carbon vacancies (CVs), nitrogen vacancies (NVs), amino and cyano groups on CN to boost the photocatalytic performance is summarized. Furthermore, various characterization methods have been summarized and highlighted, including microscopic characterization (SEM, TEM, AFM, HAADF-STEM), spectroscopic characterization (XRD, FTIR, XAFS, XANES, EPR, PAS, XPS, raman spectroscopy, solid-state NMR spectroscopy), elemental analysis, and computational characterization. Finally, the future opportunities and challenges of CN photocatalysts designed with vacancies and defects are proposed to highlight the development direction of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbo Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Jinjuan Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jiayin Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Wangwang Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yaoning Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Hou Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Wei Chu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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16
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Romolini G, Gambucci M, Ricciarelli D, Tarpani L, Zampini G, Latterini L. Photocatalytic activity of silica and silica-silver nanocolloids based on photo-induced formation of reactive oxygen species. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1161-1172. [PMID: 34449077 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanomaterials are often proposed as photocatalysts for wastewater treatment; silica nanomaterials are still largely unexploited because their photocatalytic performances need improvements, especially under visible light. The present study is a proof-of-concept that amorphous silica colloids once submitted to the proper surface modifications change into an efficient photocatalyst even under low-energy illumination source. For this reason, silica-based colloidal nanomaterials, such as bare (SiO2 NPs), aminated (NH2-SiO2 NPs), and Ag NPs-decorated (Ag-SiO2 NPs) silica, are tested as photocatalysts for the degradation of 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid (9ACA), taken as a model aromatic compound. Interestingly, upon irradiation at 313 nm, NH2-SiO2 NPs induce 9ACA degradation, and the effect is even improved when Ag-SiO2 NPs are used. On the other hand, irradiation at 405 nm activates the plasmon of Ag-SiO2 NPs photocatalyst, providing a faster and more efficient photodegradation. The photodegradation experiments are also performed under white light illumination, employing a low-intensity fluorescent lamp, confirming satisfying efficiencies. The catalytic effect of SiO2-based nanoparticles is thought to originate from photo-excitable surface defects and Ag NP plasmons since the catalytic degradation takes place only when the 9ACA is adsorbed on the surface. In addition, the involvement of reactive oxygen species was demonstrated through a scavenger use, obtaining a yield of 17%. In conclusion, this work shows the applicability of silica-based nanoparticles as photocatalysts through the involvement of silica surface defects, confirming that the silica colloids can act as photocatalysts under irradiation with monochromatic and white light. Silica and Ag-decorated silica colloids photosensitize the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species with 17% efficiencies. ROS are able to oxidase aromatic pollutants chemi-adsorbed on the surface of the colloids. Silica-silver nanocomposites present a photocatalytic activity useful to degrade aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Romolini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy.,Chem & Tech, Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KULeuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Gambucci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - D Ricciarelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - L Tarpani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - G Zampini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - L Latterini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
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17
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Ma D, Yi H, Lai C, Liu X, Huo X, An Z, Li L, Fu Y, Li B, Zhang M, Qin L, Liu S, Yang L. Critical review of advanced oxidation processes in organic wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:130104. [PMID: 33984911 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
With the development of industrial society, organic wastewater produced by industrial manufacturing has caused many environmental problems. The vast majority of organic pollutants in water bodies are persistent in the environment, posing a threat to human and animal health. Therefore, efficient treatment methods for highly concentrated organic wastewater are urgently needed. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are widely noticed in the area of treating organic wastewater. Compared with other chemical methods, AOPs have the characteristics of high oxidation efficiency and no secondary pollution. In this paper, the mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of AOPs are comprehensively reviewed. Besides, the basic principles of combining different AOPs to enhance the treatment efficiency are described. Furthermore, the applications of AOPs in various wastewater treatments, such as oily wastewater, dyeing wastewater, pharmaceutical wastewater, and landfill leachate, are also presented. Finally, we conclude that the main direction in the future of AOPs are the modification of catalysts and the optimization of operating parameters, with the challenges focusing on industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengsheng Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Huan Yi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Cui Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.
| | - Xigui Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Xiuqin Huo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Ziwen An
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Yukui Fu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Bisheng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Lei Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Lu Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
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18
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John A, Rajan MS, Thomas J. Carbon nitride-based photocatalysts for the mitigation of water pollution engendered by pharmaceutical compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:24992-25013. [PMID: 33772713 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the destructive impact of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) present in surface and drinking water on aquatic and terrestrial life forms becomes a major concern of researchers. API like diclofenac (DCF), carbamazepine (CBZ), tetracycline (TC), and sulfamethoxazole (SME) found in water bodies cause antimicrobial resistance and are potent carcinogens and endocrine disruptors. Conventional wastewater treatment methods possess some drawbacks and were found to be insufficient for the effective removal of APIs. Visible light-assisted semiconductor photocatalysis has become an alternative choice for tackling this worse scenario. Graphitic carbon nitride, a metal-free visible light active semiconductor photocatalyst is an emerging hotspot nanomaterial whose practical utility in water purification is widely recognized. This review comes up with an insightful outlook on the panorama of recent progress in the field of g-C3N4-assisted photocatalytic systems for the eradication of APIs. In addition, the review summarizes various strategies adopted for the broad-spectrum utilization of visible light and the enhancement of charge separation of pristine g-C3N4. The mechanistic pathways followed by different pharmaceuticals during their photocatalytic degradation process were also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju John
- Research Department of Chemistry, Kuriakose Elias College, Mannanam, Kottayam, Kerala, 686561, India
| | - Mekha Susan Rajan
- Research Department of Chemistry, Kuriakose Elias College, Mannanam, Kottayam, Kerala, 686561, India
| | - Jesty Thomas
- Research Department of Chemistry, Kuriakose Elias College, Mannanam, Kottayam, Kerala, 686561, India.
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19
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Xie W, Tian L, Wu K, Guo B, Gong JR. Understanding and modulating exciton dynamics of organic and low-dimensional inorganic materials in photo(electro)catalysis. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Zou R, Lin Y, Lu C. Nitrogen Vacancy Engineering in Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Strong, Stable, and Wavelength Tunable Electrochemiluminescence Emissions. Anal Chem 2021; 93:2678-2686. [PMID: 33459017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As an attractive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitter, graphitic carbon nitride (CN) still suffers from weak and unstable ECL signals for its poor conductivity and the occurrence of electrode passivation. In this study, a simple nitrogen vacancy (NV) engineering strategy has been developed for the improvement of ECL performances (intensity and stability) for the first time. In comparison to pristine CN (RSD = 51.98% for 10 continuous scan), ca. 60 times amplification in ECL intensity and 70 times enhancement in ECL efficiency for CN modified with NVs (CN-NVs) were obtained. In addition, more stable ECL emissions (RSD = 0.53%) were achieved for CN-NV-550 by thermal treatment of pristine CN in a N2 atmosphere for another 2 h at 550 °C. The mechanism study for the vital role of NVs on the ECL of CN-NVs revealed that NVs can not only facilitate electron transfer to amplify the ECL intensity but also serve as the electron trap to inhibit electrode passivation. More interestingly, a series of CN-NVs exhibited a tunable ECL wavelength range from 470 to 516 nm with different NV contents. Moreover, their ECL spectra showed an obvious red-shift of the wavelength with their corresponding fluorescence spectra. These findings confirmed that the ECL emissions of CN-NVs were susceptible to the relevant surface states of NVs. Our work may open up a promising pathway for improving ECL performances of CN and create new possibilities for multitarget simultaneous detection based on ECL and construction of color tunable light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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21
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Liu X, Li J, Li N, Li B, Bu X. Recent Advances on Metal‐Organic Frameworks in the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiongli Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule‐Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Jinli Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule‐Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Na Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule‐Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Baiyan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule‐Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Xian‐He Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule‐Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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22
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Bai X, Jia T, Wang X, Hou S, Hao D, Bingjie-Ni. High carrier separation efficiency for a defective g-C3N4 with polarization effect and defect engineering: mechanism, properties and prospects. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00595b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Different types of defects in g-C3N4 induce polarization effect to promote the separation of charge carriers and improve the photocatalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Tianqi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Xuyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Shanshan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Derek Hao
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW)
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- University of Technology Sydney (UTS)
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Bingjie-Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW)
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- University of Technology Sydney (UTS)
- Sydney
- Australia
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23
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Fernandes RA, Sampaio MJ, Faria JL, Silva CG. Aqueous solution photocatalytic synthesis of p-anisaldehyde by using graphite-like carbon nitride photocatalysts obtained via the hard-templating route. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19431-19442. [PMID: 35515447 PMCID: PMC9054040 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02746d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphite-like carbon nitride (GCN)-based materials were developed via the hard-templating route, using dicyandiamide as the GCN precursor and silica templates. That resulted in urchin-like GCN (GCN-UL), 3D ordered macroporous GCN (GCN-OM) and mesoporous GCN (GCN-MP). The introduction of silica templates during GCN synthesis produced physical defects on its surface, as confirmed by SEM analysis, increasing their specific surface area. A high amount of nitrogen vacancies is present in modified catalysts (revealed by XPS measurements), which can be related to an increase in the reactive sites available to catalyse redox reactions. The textural and morphological modifications induced in GCN an enhanced light absorption capacity and reduced electron/hole recombination rate, contributing to its improved photocatalytic performance. In the photocatalytic conversion of p-anisyl alcohol to p-anisaldehyde in deoxygenated aqueous solutions under UV-LED irradiation, the GCN-UL was the best photocatalyst reaching 60% yield at 64% conversion for p-anisaldehyde production after 240 min of reaction. Under oxygenated conditions (air), the process efficiency was increased to 79% yield at 92% conversion only after 90 min reaction. The GCN-based photocatalyst kept its performance when using visible-LED radiation under air atmosphere. Trapping of photogenerated holes and radicals by selective scavengers showed that under deoxygenated conditions, holes played the primary role in the p-anisaldehyde synthesis. Under oxygenated conditions, the process is governed by the effect of reactive oxygen species, namely superoxide radicals, with a significant contribution from holes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A Fernandes
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n 4200-465 Porto Portugal
| | - Maria J Sampaio
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n 4200-465 Porto Portugal
| | - Joaquim L Faria
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n 4200-465 Porto Portugal
| | - Cláudia G Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n 4200-465 Porto Portugal
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