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Gallo-Orive Á, Moreno-Guzmán M, Sanchez-Paniagua M, Montero-Calle A, Barderas R, Escarpa A. Gold Nanoparticle-Decorated Catalytic Micromotor-Based Aptassay for Rapid Electrochemical Label-Free Amyloid-β42 Oligomer Determination in Clinical Samples from Alzheimer's Patients. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5509-5518. [PMID: 38551492 PMCID: PMC11007680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Micromotor (MM) technology offers a valuable and smart on-the-move biosensing microscale approach in clinical settings where sample availability is scarce in the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Soluble amyloid-β protein oligomers (AβO) (mainly AβO42) that circulate in biological fluids have been recognized as a molecular biomarker and therapeutic target of AD due to their high toxicity, and they are correlated much more strongly with AD compared to the insoluble Aβ monomers. A graphene oxide (GO)-gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)/nickel (Ni)/platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) micromotors (MMGO-AuNPs)-based electrochemical label-free aptassay is proposed for sensitive, accurate, and rapid determination of AβO42 in complex clinical samples such as brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and plasma from AD patients. An approach that implies the in situ formation of AuNPs on the GO external layer of tubular MM in only one step during MM electrosynthesis was performed (MMGO-AuNPs). The AβO42 specific thiolated-aptamer (AptAβO42) was immobilized in the MMGO-AuNPs via Au-S interaction, allowing for the selective recognition of the AβO42 (MMGO-AuNPs-AptAβO42-AβO42). AuNPs were smartly used not only to covalently bind a specific thiolated-aptamer for the design of a label-free electrochemical aptassay but also to improve the final MM propulsion performance due to their catalytic activity (approximately 2.0× speed). This on-the-move bioplatform provided a fast (5 min), selective, precise (RSD < 8%), and accurate quantification of AβO42 (recoveries 94-102%) with excellent sensitivity (LOD = 0.10 pg mL-1) and wide linear range (0.5-500 pg mL-1) in ultralow volumes of the clinical sample of AD patients (5 μL), without any dilution. Remarkably, our MM-based bioplatform demonstrated the competitiveness for the determination of AβO42 in the target samples against the dot blot analysis, which requires more than 14 h to provide qualitative results only. It is also important to highlight its applicability to the potential analysis of liquid biopsies as plasma and CSF samples, improving the reliability of the diagnosis given the heterogeneity and temporal complexity of neurodegenerative diseases. The excellent results obtained demonstrate the analytical potency of our approach as a future tool for clinical/POCT (Point-of-care testing) routine scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Gallo-Orive
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.600, 28802 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Department
of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Moncloa-Aravaca, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Moreno-Guzmán
- Department
of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Moncloa-Aravaca, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Sanchez-Paniagua
- Department
of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Moncloa-Aravaca, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Montero-Calle
- Chronic
Disease Programme, UFIEC, Carlos III Health
Institute, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Chronic
Disease Programme, UFIEC, Carlos III Health
Institute, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.600, 28802 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Chemical
Research Institute “Andrés M. Del Rio”, University of Alcalá, 28802 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Salinas G, Arnaboldi S, Garrigue P, Bonetti G, Cirilli R, Benincori T, Kuhn A. Magnetic field-enhanced redox chemistry on-the-fly for enantioselective synthesis. Faraday Discuss 2023; 247:34-44. [PMID: 37470179 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Chemistry on-the-fly is an interesting concept, extensively studied in recent years due to its potential use for recognition, quantification and conversion of chemical species in solution. In this context, chemistry on-the-fly for asymmetric synthesis is a promising field of investigation, since it can help to overcome mass transport limitations, present for example in conventional organic electrosynthesis. Herein, the synergy between a magnetic field-enhanced self-electrophoretic propulsion mechanism and enantioselective redox chemistry on-the-fly is proposed as an efficient method to boost stereoselective conversion. We employ Janus swimmers as redox-active elements, exhibiting a well-controlled clockwise or anticlockwise motion with a speed that can be increased by one order of magnitude in the presence of an external magnetic field. While moving, these bifunctional objects convert spontaneously on-the-fly a prochiral molecule into a specific enantiomer with high enantiomeric excess. The magnetic field-enhanced self-mixing of the swimmers, based on the formation of local magnetohydrodynamic vortices, leads to a significant improvement of the reaction yield and the conversion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Salinas
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM UMR 5255, 33607 Pessac, France.
| | - Serena Arnaboldi
- Dip. Di Chimica, Univ. degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrick Garrigue
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM UMR 5255, 33607 Pessac, France.
| | - Giorgia Bonetti
- Dip. di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Univ. degli Studi dell'Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Roberto Cirilli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Centro Nazionale per il Controllo e la Valutazione dei Farmaci, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Benincori
- Dip. di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Univ. degli Studi dell'Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM UMR 5255, 33607 Pessac, France.
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Gao R, Beladi-Mousavi SM, Salinas G, Garrigue P, Zhang L, Kuhn A. Spatial Precision Tailoring the Catalytic Activity of Graphene Monolayers for Designing Janus Swimmers. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8180-8185. [PMID: 37642420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Graphene monolayers have interesting applications in many fields due to their intrinsic physicochemical properties, especially when they can be postmodified with high precision. Herein, we describe the highly site-selective functionalization of freestanding graphene monolayers with platinum (Pt) clusters by bipolar electrochemistry. The deposition of such metal spots leads to catalytically active hybrid two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. Their catalytic functionality is illustrated by the spatially controlled decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, inducing motion at the water/air interface due to oxygen bubble evolution. A series of such 2D Janus structures with Pt deposition at predefined positions (corners and edges) is studied with respect to the generation of autonomous motion. The type and speed of motion can be fine-tuned by controlling the deposition time and location of the Pt clusters. These proof-of-principle experiments indicate that this type of hybrid 2D object opens up interesting perspectives in terms of applications, such as environmental detection or remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchao Gao
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, 475000 Kaifeng, China
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 33607 Pessac, France
| | | | - Gerardo Salinas
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Patrick Garrigue
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Lin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, 475000 Kaifeng, China
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, 475000 Kaifeng, China
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 33607 Pessac, France
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Kilimci U, Uygun DA. Preparation of PEGylated uricase attached magnetic nanowires and application for uric acid oxidation. J Biotechnol 2023; 373:12-19. [PMID: 37343601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to immobilize the uricase enzyme on magnetic nanowires and to examine its potential for use in the treatment of gout. For this, Au/Ni/Au nanowires were synthesized using a polycarbonate membrane template by the sequential electrodeposition of Au, Ni, and Au, respectively. The uricase enzyme was covalently attached to these nanowires and was also coated with PEG. Optimum enzymatic conditions, kinetic parameters, thermal, storage, and operational stability were determined by performing enzymatic activity tests of free and immobilized uricase. Additionally, the efficacy of both enzyme preparations in artificial human serum and the presence of protease was also investigated. Experimental results showed that immobilized uricase showed higher stability than free uricase in all studied conditions. The potential of immobilized uricase to oxidize uric acid in artificial serum was also investigated and it was found that immobilized preparation demonstrated approximately 6 times higher activity than that of the free enzyme. The results of this study showed that uricase-attached nanowires oxidized uric acid effectively and are promising in the treatment of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulviye Kilimci
- Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Deniz Aktaş Uygun
- Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Aydın, Turkey.
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Smart micro- and nanorobots for water purification. NATURE REVIEWS BIOENGINEERING 2023; 1:236-251. [PMID: 37064655 PMCID: PMC9901418 DOI: 10.1038/s44222-023-00025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Less than 1% of Earth's freshwater reserves is accessible. Industrialization, population growth and climate change are further exacerbating clean water shortage. Current water-remediation treatments fail to remove most pollutants completely or release toxic by-products into the environment. The use of self-propelled programmable micro- and nanoscale synthetic robots is a promising alternative way to improve water monitoring and remediation by overcoming diffusion-limited reactions and promoting interactions with target pollutants, including nano- and microplastics, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, oils and pathogenic microorganisms. This Review introduces the evolution of passive micro- and nanomaterials through active micro- and nanomotors and into advanced intelligent micro- and nanorobots in terms of motion ability, multifunctionality, adaptive response, swarming and mutual communication. After describing removal and degradation strategies, we present the most relevant improvements in water treatment, highlighting the design aspects necessary to improve remediation efficiency for specific contaminants. Finally, open challenges and future directions are discussed for the real-world application of smart micro- and nanorobots.
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Arqué X, Patiño T, Sánchez S. Enzyme-powered micro- and nano-motors: key parameters for an application-oriented design. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9128-9146. [PMID: 36093007 PMCID: PMC9383707 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01806c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature has inspired the creation of artificial micro- and nanomotors that self-propel converting chemical energy into mechanical action. These tiny machines have appeared as promising biomedical tools for treatment and diagnosis and have also been used for environmental, antimicrobial or sensing applications. Among the possible catalytic engines, enzymes have emerged as an alternative to inorganic catalysts due to their biocompatibility and the variety and bioavailability of fuels. Although the field of enzyme-powered micro- and nano-motors has a trajectory of more than a decade, a comprehensive framework on how to rationally design, control and optimize their motion is still missing. With this purpose, herein we performed a thorough bibliographic study on the key parameters governing the propulsion of these enzyme-powered devices, namely the chassis shape, the material composition, the motor size, the enzyme type, the method used to incorporate enzymes, the distribution of the product released, the motion mechanism, the motion media and the technique used for motion detection. In conclusion, from the library of options that each parameter offers there needs to be a rational selection and intelligent design of enzymatic motors based on the specific application envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Arqué
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Tania Patiño
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) Barcelona 08010 Spain
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Vilela D, Guix M, Parmar J, Blanco-Blanes À, Sánchez S. Micromotor-in-Sponge Platform for Multicycle Large-Volume Degradation of Organic Pollutants. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107619. [PMID: 35491507 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of organic pollutants in the environment is a global threat to human health and ecosystems due to their bioaccumulation and long-term persistence. Hereby a micromotor-in-sponge concept is presented that aims not only at pollutant removal, but towards an efficient in situ degradation by exploiting the synergy between the sponge hydrophobic nature and the rapid pollutant degradation promoted by the cobalt-ferrite (CFO) micromotors embedded at the sponge's core. Such a platform allows the use of extremely low fuel concentration (0.13% H2 O2 ), as well as its reusability and easy recovery. Moreover, the authors demonstrate an efficient multicycle pollutant degradation and treatment of large volumes (1 L in 15 min) by using multiple sponges. Such a fast degradation process is due to the CFO bubble-propulsion motion mechanism, which induces both an enhanced fluid mixing within the sponge and an outward flow that allows a rapid fluid exchange. Also, the magnetic control of the system is demonstrated, guiding the sponge position during the degradation process. The micromotor-in-sponge configuration can be extrapolated to other catalytic micromotors, establishing an alternative platform for an easier implementation and recovery of micromotors in real environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Vilela
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri-Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Maria Guix
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri-Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Jemish Parmar
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri-Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Àngel Blanco-Blanes
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri-Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri-Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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Mena-Giraldo P, Orozco J. Photosensitive Polymeric Janus Micromotor for Enzymatic Activity Protection and Enhanced Substrate Degradation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:5897-5907. [PMID: 34978178 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Immobilizing enzymes into microcarriers is a strategy to improve their long-term stability and reusability, hindered by (UV) light irradiation. However, in such approaches, enzyme-substrate interaction is mediated by diffusion, often at slow kinetics. In contrast, enzyme-linked self-propelled motors can accelerate this interaction, frequently mediated by the convection mechanism. This work reports on a new photosensitive polymeric Janus micromotor (JM) for UV-light protection of enzymatic activity and efficient degradation of substrates accelerated by the JMs. The JMs were assembled with UV-photosensitive modified chitosan, co-encapsulating fluorescent-labeled proteins and enzymes as models and magnetite and platinum nanoparticles for magnetic and catalytic motion. The JMs absorbed UV light, protecting the enzymatic activity and accelerating the enzyme-substrate degradation by magnetic/catalytic motion. Immobilizing proteins in photosensitive JMs is a promising strategy to improve the enzyme's stability and hasten the kinetics of substrate degradation, thereby enhancing the enzymatic process's efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mena-Giraldo
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 N° 52-20, Complejo Ruta N, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 N° 52-20, Complejo Ruta N, Medellín 050010, Colombia
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