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Penrice DD, Jalan-Sakrikar N, Jurk D, Passos JF, Simonetto DA. Telomere dysfunction in chronic liver disease: The link from aging. Hepatology 2024; 80:951-964. [PMID: 37102475 PMCID: PMC10848919 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. Penrice
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nidhi Jalan-Sakrikar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Diana Jurk
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - João F. Passos
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Douglas A. Simonetto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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2
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Chen M, Chen W, Sun S, Lu Y, Wu G, Xu H, Yang H, Li C, He W, Xu M, Li X, Jiang D, Cai Y, Liu C, Zhang W, He Z. CDK4/6 inhibitor PD-0332991 suppresses hepatocarcinogenesis by inducing senescence of hepatic tumor-initiating cells. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00374-6. [PMID: 39218249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Owing to the limited treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), interventions targeting pre-HCC stages have attracted increasing attention. In the pre-HCC stage, hepatic tumor-initiating cells (hTICs) proliferate abnormally and contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis. Numerous studies have investigated targeted senescence induction as an HCC intervention. However, it remains to be clarified whether senescence induction of hTICs could serve as a pre-HCC intervention. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to investigate whether senescence induction of hTICs in the precancerous stage inhibit HCC initiation. METHODS AND RESULTS HCC models developed from chronic liver injury (CLI) were established by using Fah-/- mice and N-Ras + AKT mice. PD-0332991, a selective CDK4/6 inhibitor that blocks the G1/S transition in proliferating cells, was used to induce senescence during the pre-HCC stage. Upon administration of PD-0332991, we observed a significant reduction in HCC incidence following selective senescence induction in hTICs, and an alleviation liver injury in the CLI-HCC models. PD-0332991 also induced senescence in vitro in cultured hTICs isolated from CLI-HCC models. Moreover, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis delineated that the "Cyclin D-CDK4/6-INK4-Rb" pathway was activated in both mouse and human liver samples during the pre-HCC stage, while PD-0332991 exhibited substantial inhibition of this pathway, thereby inducing cellular senescence in hTICs. Regarding the immune microenvironment, we demonstrated that senescent hTICs secrete key senescence-associated secretory phenotypic (SASP) factors, CXCL10 and CCL2, to activate and recruit macrophages, and contribute to immune surveillance. CONCLUSION We found that hTICs can be targeted and induced into a senescent state during the pre-HCC stage. The SASP factors released by senescent hTICs further activate the immune response, facilitating the clearance of hTICs, and consequently suppressing HCC occurrence. We highlight the importance of pre-HCC interventions and propose that senescence-inducing drugs hold promise for preventing HCC initiation under CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Chen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P. R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P. R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Wenjian Chen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P. R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P. R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Shiwen Sun
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P. R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P. R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P. R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P. R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Guoxiu Wu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P. R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P. R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Xu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P. R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P. R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Huiru Yang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P. R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P. R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Chong Li
- Zhoupu Community Health Service Center of Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Weizhi He
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P. R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P. R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Xu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P. R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P. R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Xiuhua Li
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P. R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P. R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P. R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P. R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Yongchao Cai
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P. R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P. R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Changcheng Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P. R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P. R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P. R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P. R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Zhiying He
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P. R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P. R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.
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3
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Liu P, Tang Q, Chen M, Chen W, Lu Y, Liu Z, He Z. Hepatocellular Senescence: Immunosurveillance and Future Senescence-Induced Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:589908. [PMID: 33330071 PMCID: PMC7732623 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.589908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The lack of effective targeted drugs has become a challenge on treating HCC patients. Cellular senescence is closely linked to the occurrence, development, and therapy of tumor. Induction of cellular senescence and further activation of immune surveillance provides a new strategy to develop HCC targeted drugs, that is, senescence-induced therapy for HCC. Precancerous hepatocytes or HCC cells can be induced into senescent cells, subsequently producing senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. SASP factors recruit and activate various types of immune cells, including T cells, NK cells, macrophages, and their subtypes, which carry out the role of immune surveillance and elimination of senescent cells, ultimately preventing the occurrence of HCC or inhibiting the progression of HCC. Specific interventions in several checkpoints of senescence-mediated therapy will make positive contributions to suppress tumorigenesis and progression of HCC, for instance, by applying small molecular compounds to induce cellular senescence or selecting cytokines/chemokines to activate immunosurveillance, supplementing adoptive immunocytes to remove senescent cells, and screening chemical drugs to induce apoptosis of senescent cells or accelerate clearance of senescent cells. These interventional checkpoints become potential chemotherapeutic targets in senescence-induced therapy for HCC. In this review, we focus on the frontiers of senescence-induced therapy and discuss senescent characteristics of hepatocytes during hepatocarcinogenesis as well as the roles and mechanisms of senescent cell induction and clearance, and cellular senescence-related immunosurveillance during the formation and progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghe Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjian Chen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiying He
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
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4
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Ferreira MSV, Sørensen MD, Pusch S, Beier D, Bouillon AS, Kristensen BW, Brümmendorf TH, Beier CP, Beier F. Alternative lengthening of telomeres is the major telomere maintenance mechanism in astrocytoma with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation. J Neurooncol 2020; 147:1-14. [PMID: 31960234 PMCID: PMC7076064 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations are associated with improved survival in gliomas. Depending on the IDH1 status, TERT promoter mutations affect prognosis. IDH1 mutations are associated with alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) mutations and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT), suggesting an interaction between IDH1 and telomeres. However, little is known how IDH1 mutations affect telomere maintenance.
Methods We analyzed cell-specific telomere length (CS-TL) on a single cell level in 46 astrocytoma samples (WHO II-IV) by modified immune-quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization, using endothelial cells as internal reference. In the same samples, we determined IDH1/TERT promoter mutation status and ATRX expression. The interaction of IDH1R132H mutation and CS-TL was studied in vitro using an IDH1R132H doxycycline-inducible glioma cell line system. Results Virtually all ALTpositive astrocytomas had normal TERT promoter and lacked ATRX expression. Further, all ALTpositive samples had IDH1R132H mutations, resulting in a significantly longer CS-TL of IDH1R132H gliomas, when compared to their wildtype counterparts. Conversely, TERT promotor mutations were associated with IDHwildtype, ATRX expression, lack of ALT and short CS-TL. ALT, TERT promoter mutations, and CS-TL remained without prognostic significance, when correcting for IDH1 status. In vitro, overexpression of IDHR132H in the glioma cell line LN319 resulted in downregulation of ATRX and rapid TERT-independent telomere lengthening consistent with ALT.
Conclusion ALT is the major telomere maintenance mechanism in IDHR132H mutated astrocytomas, while TERT promoter mutations were associated with IDHwildtype glioma. IDH1R132H downregulates ATRX expression in vitro resulting in ALT, which may contribute to the strong association of IDH1R132H mutations, ATRX loss, and ALT.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11060-020-03394-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mia Dahl Sørensen
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Odense, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stefan Pusch
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Beier
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Odense, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne-Sophie Bouillon
- Department of Haematology, Oncology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bjarne Winther Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Odense, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tim Henrik Brümmendorf
- Department of Haematology, Oncology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Patrick Beier
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Odense, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fabian Beier
- Department of Haematology, Oncology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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5
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Han D, Hong Y, Mai X, Hu Q, Lu G, Duan J, Xu J, Si X, Zhang Y. Systematical study of the mechanistic factors regulating genome dynamics in vivo by CRISPRsie. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 11:1018-1020. [PMID: 31330540 PMCID: PMC6927321 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Han
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yu Hong
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
- Peking University–Tsinghua University–National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xueying Mai
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qingtao Hu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guangqing Lu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jinzhi Duan
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jingru Xu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaofang Si
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
- Peking University–Tsinghua University–National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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6
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Duan J, Lu G, Hong Y, Hu Q, Mai X, Guo J, Si X, Wang F, Zhang Y. Live imaging and tracking of genome regions in CRISPR/dCas9 knock-in mice. Genome Biol 2018; 19:192. [PMID: 30409154 PMCID: PMC6225728 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1530-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/dCas9 is a versatile tool that can be used to recruit various effectors and fluorescent molecules to defined genome regions where it can modulate genetic and epigenetic markers, or track the chromatin dynamics in live cells. In vivo applications of CRISPR/dCas9 in animals have been challenged by delivery issues. We generate and characterize a mouse strain with dCas9-EGFP ubiquitously expressed in various tissues. Studying telomere dynamics in these animals reveals surprising results different from those observed in cultured cell lines. The CRISPR/dCas9 knock-in mice provide an important and versatile tool to mechanistically study genome functions in live animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhi Duan
- Graduate Program, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Guangqing Lu
- Graduate Program, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yu Hong
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qingtao Hu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xueying Mai
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Graduate Program, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaofang Si
- Graduate Program, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Graduate Program, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China. .,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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7
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Ferrara-Romeo I, Martínez P, Blasco MA. Mice lacking RAP1 show early onset and higher rates of DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinomas in female mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204909. [PMID: 30307978 PMCID: PMC6187989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RAP1, a component of the telomere-protective shelterin complex, has been shown to have both telomeric and non-telomeric roles. In the liver, RAP1 is involved in the regulation of metabolic transcriptional programs. RAP1-deficient mice develop obesity and hepatic steatosis, these phenotypes being more severe in females than in males. As hepatic steatosis and obesity have been related to increased liver cancer in mice and humans, we set out to address whether RAP1 deficiency resulted in increased liver cancer upon chemical liver carcinogenesis. We found that Rap1-/- females were more susceptible to DEN-induced liver damage and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). DEN-treated Rap1-/- female livers showed an earlier onset of both premalignant and malignant liver lesions, which were characterized by increased abundance of γH2AX-positive cells, increased proliferation and shorter telomeres. These findings highlight an important role for RAP1 in protection from liver damage and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iole Ferrara-Romeo
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Martínez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A. Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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8
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Andert A, Alizai HP, Ulmer TF, Heidenhain C, Ziegler P, Brümmendorf TH, Neumann UP, Beier F, Klink CD. Influence of Telomere Length in Hepatocytes on Liver Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy in Rats. Eur Surg Res 2018; 59:83-90. [PMID: 29886505 DOI: 10.1159/000489090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate telomere length in hepatocytes as a biomarker for liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty male Wistar rats underwent a 70% PH. One-month-old rats were assigned to group Y (n = 30) and 4-month-old rats were assigned to group O (n = 30). The rats were euthanized, and their livers were then harvested at postoperative day (POD) 1, 2, 3, 4, or 7. Telomere lengths and established parameters for liver regeneration (residual liver weight and levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA], Ki67, and interleukin [IL]-6) were measured. RESULTS We observed a significant increase in residual liver weight in group Y compared to that in group O (p = 0.001). The levels of Ki67 (p = 0.016), PCNA (p < 0.0001), and IL-6 (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in group Y. Furthermore, the rats in group Y had significantly earlier peak values of Ki67 and PCNA. Telomeres were significantly longer at the time of PH in group Y (p = 0.001). We showed a correlation between telomere length at the day of PH and liver regeneration. Animals with longer telomeres at the time of PH had better liver regeneration (p = 0.015). In group Y, animals with increased liver regeneration (median cut-off: > 122%) did not show any significant difference in telomere length (p = 0.587) compared to rats with regular regeneration (< 122%). However, in the older animals, rats with increased regeneration had significantly longer telomeres (p = 0.019) than rats with regular regeneration. CONCLUSION Telomere length in rat hepatocytes depends on age, and animals with long telomeres had earlier and better regeneration of healthy liver tissue than rats with short telomeres. Our data confirms that telomere length in rat hepatocytes could be used as a possible predictive marker for liver regeneration, and could help to identify older individuals with a high capacity for hepatic regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Andert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hamid P Alizai
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Florian Ulmer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Heidenhain
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Sana Hospital Düsseldorf-Gerresheim, Düsseldorf-Gerresheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Ziegler
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf Peter Neumann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Beier
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian D Klink
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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9
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The extent of liver injury determines hepatocyte fate toward senescence or cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:575. [PMID: 29760381 PMCID: PMC5951829 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that induction of hepatocyte senescence could inhibit the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Until now, it is still unclear how the degree of liver injury dictates hepatocyte senescence and carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether the severity of injury determines cell fate decisions between hepatocyte senescence and carcinogenesis. After testing of different degrees of liver injury, we found that hepatocyte senescence is strongly induced in the setting of severe acute liver injury. Longer-term, moderate liver injury, on the contrary did not result into hepatocyte senescence, but led to a significant incidence of HCC instead. In addition, carcinogenesis was significantly reduced by the induction of severe acute injury after chronic moderate liver injury. Meanwhile, immune surveillance, especially the activations of macrophages, was activated after re-induction of senescence by severe acute liver injury. We conclude that severe acute liver injury leads to hepatocyte senescence along with activating immune surveillance and a low incidence of HCC, whereas chronic moderate injury allows hepatocytes to proliferate rather than to enter into senescence, and correlates with a high incidence of HCC. This study improves our understanding in hepatocyte cell fate decisions and suggests a potential clinical strategy to induce senescence to treat HCC.
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10
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Akihara R, Homma T, Lee J, Yamada KI, Miyata S, Fujii J. Ablation of aldehyde reductase aggravates carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatic injury involving oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:765-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Telomere shortening in enterocytes of patients with uncontrolled acute intestinal graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2015; 126:2518-21. [PMID: 26486788 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-03-633289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute intestinal graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) refractory to immunosuppressive treatment is a serious complication after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The underlying mechanisms of refractory aGVHD of the gut are not fully understood. Although telomere length (TL) reflects the replicative history of a cell, critically short telomeres have been associated with replicative exhaustion and tissue failure. In this study, we demonstrate that enterocytes of patients with refractory intestinal aGVHD show significantly increased proliferation, which translates into significant and critical telomere attrition following HSCT as compared with unaffected patients undergoing HSCT. Calculated telomere loss in aGVHD patients is 190 bp/wk, thereby massively exceeding physiological steady-state TL shortening rates such as in lymphocytes (∼50 bp/y). Our data support the hypothesis that increased compensatory proliferation following continued tissue damage can result in massive telomere loss in enterocytes of aGVHD patients. The present study introduces aGVHD-triggered increased cellular turnover and telomere loss with subsequent replicative exhaustion as a mechanism for refractory gut GVHD that is compatible with the long-term clinical aspect of the disease and provides a basis for stem cell protective therapies in the treatment of aGVHD.
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Werner B, Beier F, Hummel S, Balabanov S, Lassay L, Orlikowsky T, Dingli D, Brümmendorf TH, Traulsen A. Reconstructing the in vivo dynamics of hematopoietic stem cells from telomere length distributions. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26468615 PMCID: PMC4744200 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the in vivo patterns of stem cell divisions in the human hematopoietic system throughout life. In particular, we analyze the shape of telomere length distributions underlying stem cell behavior within individuals. Our mathematical model shows that these distributions contain a fingerprint of the progressive telomere loss and the fraction of symmetric cell proliferations. Our predictions are tested against measured telomere length distributions in humans across all ages, collected from lymphocyte and granulocyte sorted telomere length data of 356 healthy individuals, including 47 cord blood and 28 bone marrow samples. We find an increasing stem cell pool during childhood and adolescence and an approximately maintained stem cell population in adults. Furthermore, our method is able to detect individual differences from a single tissue sample, i.e. a single snapshot. Prospectively, this allows us to compare cell proliferation between individuals and identify abnormal stem cell dynamics, which affects the risk of stem cell related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Werner
- Department of Evolutionary Theory, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Fabian Beier
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hummel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Balabanov
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Lassay
- Department of Pediatrics, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Orlikowsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - David Dingli
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Arne Traulsen
- Department of Evolutionary Theory, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
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Martínez P, Blasco MA. Replicating through telomeres: a means to an end. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:504-15. [PMID: 26188776 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proper replication of the telomeric DNA at chromosome ends is critical for preserving genome integrity. Yet, telomeres present challenges for the replication machinery, such as their repetitive and heterochromatic nature and their potential to form non-Watson-Crick structures as well as the fact that they are transcribed. Numerous telomere-bound proteins are required to facilitate progression of the replication fork throughout telomeric DNA. In particular, shelterin plays crucial functions in telomere length regulation, protection of telomeres from nuclease degradation, control of DNA damage response at telomeres, and the recruitment of associated factors required for telomere DNA processing and replication. In this review we discuss the recently uncovered functions of mammalian telomere-specific and telomere-associated proteins that facilitate proper telomere replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Martínez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Maria A Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain.
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