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Garralda MD, Maureille B, Le Cabec A, Oxilia G, Benazzi S, Skinner MM, Hublin JJ, Vandermeersch B. The Neanderthal teeth from Marillac (Charente, Southwestern France): Morphology, comparisons and paleobiology. J Hum Evol 2019; 138:102683. [PMID: 31765984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Few European sites have yielded human dental remains safely dated to the end of MIS 4/beginning of MIS 3. One of those sites is Marillac (Southwestern France), a collapsed karstic cave where archeological excavations (1967-1980) conducted by B. Vandermeersch unearthed numerous faunal and human remains, as well as a few Mousterian Quina tools. The Marillac sinkhole was occasionally used by humans to process the carcasses of different prey, but there is no evidence for a residential use of the site, nor have any hearths been found. Rare carnivore bones were also discovered, demonstrating that the sinkhole was seasonally used, not only by Neanderthals, but also by predators across several millennia. The lithostratigraphic units containing the human remains were dated to ∼60 kyr. The fossils consisted of numerous fragments of skulls and jaws, isolated teeth and several post-cranial bones, many of them with traces of perimortem manipulations. For those already published, their morphological characteristics and chronostratigraphic context allowed their attribution to Neanderthals. This paper analyzes sixteen unpublished human teeth (fourteen permanent and two deciduous) by investigating the external morphology and metrical variation with respect to other Neanderthal remains and a sample from modern populations. We also investigate their enamel thickness distribution in 2D and 3D, the enamel-dentine junction morphology (using geometric morphometrics) of one molar and two premolars, the roots and the possible expression of taurodontism, as well as pathologies and developmental defects. The anterior tooth use and paramasticatory activities are also discussed. Morphological and structural alterations were found on several teeth, and interpreted in light of human behavior (tooth-pick) and carnivores' actions (partial digestion). The data are interpreted in the context of the available information for the Eurasian Neanderthals.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Garralda
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Bruno Maureille
- UMR5199 PACEA: de la préhistoire à l'actuel: culture, environnement et anthropologie, Université de Bordeaux, bât. B8. Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire - CS 50023, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - Adeline Le Cabec
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig D, 04103, Germany
| | - Gregorio Oxilia
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig D, 04103, Germany; Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Matthew M Skinner
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Marlowe Building, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig D, 04103, Germany
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig D, 04103, Germany
| | - Bernard Vandermeersch
- UMR5199 PACEA: de la préhistoire à l'actuel: culture, environnement et anthropologie, Université de Bordeaux, bât. B8. Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire - CS 50023, 33615 Pessac, France
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Szeniczey T, Marcsik A, Ács Z, Balassa T, Bernert Z, Bakó K, Czuppon T, Endrődi A, Évinger S, Farkas Z, Hlavenková L, Hoppál K, Kálmán Kiss C, Kiss K, Kocsis K, Kovács LO, Kovács PF, Köhler K, Költő L, Kővári I, László O, Lovász G, Lovranits J, Lukács J, Masek Z, Merczi M, Molnár E, Németh CE, Ódor JG, Paja L, Pap I, Patay R, Rácz I, Rácz Z, Ritoók Á, Szenthe G, Szilas G, Szőke BM, Tóth Z, Vida T, Wolff K, Finnegan M, Hajdu T. Hyperostosis frontalis interna in ancient populations from the Carpathian Basin - A possible relationship between lifestyle and risk of development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2019; 24:108-118. [PMID: 30342349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) was examined in different periods of the Carpathian Basin from 4900 BCE to 17th century AD. The study seeks to evaluate temporal changes in HFI and the possible impact of lifestyle on it. MATERIALS The studied material consisted of 4668 crania from Hungary and Serbia. METHODS The crania were analyzed employing macroscopic and endoscopic examination. RESULTS In historic periods, sex and age played a pivotal role in HFI development. Among predominantly pastoralist populations of the 5th-8th and 10th centuries, prevalence of HFI was considerably higher than in the medieval populations of the 9th-17th centuries. CONCLUSIONS In addition to age and sex, other factors could be implicated in HFI development. The physiological effects of the pastoralist lifestyle and diet on insulin regulation could explain the increased risk of developing HFI in the 5th-8th and 10th-century populations. SIGNIFICANCE The study provides the first comprehensive dataset of HFI from different archaeological periods from the Carpathian Basin. It has implications for lifestyle and risk of HFI development in past populations. LIMITATIONS The archaeological periods are not equally represented. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH In order to better understand the etiology of HFI, lifestyle factors can be used to elucidate the risk of developing HFI in ancient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Szeniczey
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary.
| | - Antónia Marcsik
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Ács
- Department of Archaeological Excavations and Artefact Processing, Hungarian National Museum, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | | | - Zsolt Bernert
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - Katalin Bakó
- Budavári Ingatlanfejlesztő és Üzemeltető Nonprofit Ltd., Budapest, H-1013, Hungary
| | | | - Anna Endrődi
- Department of Prehistoric and Migration Period, Budapest History Museum, Aquincum Museum and Archaeological Park, H-1014, H-1031, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Évinger
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | | | - Lucia Hlavenková
- Institute for History of Medicine and Foreign Languages, Charles University, Prague, 121 08, Czech Republic
| | - Krisztina Hoppál
- Silk Road Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Eötvös Loránd University-Szeged University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Krisztián Kiss
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Kinga Kocsis
- Roska Tamás Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary; Neuronal Network and Behavior Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Loránd Olivér Kovács
- Department of Archaeological Excavations and Artefact Processing, Hungarian National Museum, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | | | - Kitti Köhler
- Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | | | - Ivett Kővári
- International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva, 1202, Switzerland
| | - Orsolya László
- Archaeological Heritage Directorate, Hungarian National Museum, Budapest, H-1113, Hungary
| | | | - Júlia Lovranits
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - József Lukács
- Budavári Ingatlanfejlesztő és Üzemeltető Nonprofit Ltd., Budapest, H-1013, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Masek
- Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | | | - Erika Molnár
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Csilla Emese Németh
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary
| | | | - László Paja
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Pap
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - Róbert Patay
- Ferenczy Museum Center, Szentendre, H-2000, Hungary
| | - István Rácz
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary; Department of Archaeometry and Archaeological Methodology, Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Rácz
- Department of Early Medieval and Historical Archaeology, Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Ritoók
- Department of Archaeology, Hungarian National Museum, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Gergely Szenthe
- Department of Archaeology, Hungarian National Museum, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szilas
- Department of Prehistoric and Migration Period, Budapest History Museum, Aquincum Museum and Archaeological Park, H-1014, H-1031, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Miklós Szőke
- Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Tóth
- Dobó István Castle Museum, Eger, H-3300, Hungary
| | - Tivadar Vida
- Department of Early Medieval and Historical Archaeology, Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Katalin Wolff
- Department of Early Medieval and Historical Archaeology, Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Michael Finnegan
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Social Work, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Tamás Hajdu
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary.
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Balzeau A, Charlier P. What do cranial bones of LB1 tell us about Homo floresiensis? J Hum Evol 2016; 93:12-24. [PMID: 27086053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cranial vault thickness (CVT) of Liang Bua 1, the specimen that is proposed to be the holotype of Homo floresiensis, has not yet been described in detail and compared with samples of fossil hominins, anatomically modern humans or microcephalic skulls. In addition, a complete description from a forensic and pathological point of view has not yet been carried out. It is important to evaluate scientifically if features related to CVT bring new information concerning the possible pathological status of LB1, and if it helps to recognize affinities with any hominin species and particularly if the specimen could belong to the species Homo sapiens. Medical examination of the skull based on a micro-CT examination clearly brings to light the presence of a sincipital T (a non-metrical variant of normal anatomy), a scar from an old frontal trauma without any evident functional consequence, and a severe bilateral hyperostosis frontalis interna that may have modified the anterior morphology of the endocranium of LB1. We also show that LB1 displays characteristics, related to the distribution of bone thickness and arrangements of cranial structures, that are plesiomorphic traits for hominins, at least for Homo erectus s.l. relative to Homo neanderthalensis and H. sapiens. All the microcephalic skulls analyzed here share the derived condition of anatomically modern H. sapiens. Cranial vault thickness does not help to clarify the definition of the species H. floresiensis but it also does not support an attribution of LB1 to H. sapiens. We conclude that there is no support for the attribution of LB1 to H. sapiens as there is no evidence of systemic pathology and because it does not have any of the apomorphic traits of our species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Balzeau
- Équipe de Paléontologie Humaine, UMR 7194 du CNRS, Département de Préhistoire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; Department of African Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium.
| | - Philippe Charlier
- Section of Medical and Forensic Anthropology, UFR of Health Sciences (UVSQ/Paris-Descartes University, AP-HP), Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
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Dolores Garralda M, Maureille B, Vandermeersch B. Neanderthal infant and adult infracranial remains from Marillac (Charente, France). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 155:99-113. [PMID: 24919796 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
At the site of Marillac, near the Ligonne River in Marillac-le-Franc (Charente, France), a remarkable stratigraphic sequence has yielded a wealth of archaeological information, palaeoenvironmental data, as well as faunal and human remains. Marillac must have been a sinkhole used by Neanderthal groups as a hunting camp during MIS 4 (TL date 57,600 ± 4,600BP), where Quina Mousterian lithics and fragmented bones of reindeer predominate. This article describes three infracranial skeleton fragments. Two of them are from adults and consist of the incomplete shafts of a right radius (Marillac 24) and a left fibula (Marillac 26). The third fragment is the diaphysis of the right femur of an immature individual (Marillac 25), the size and shape of which resembles those from Teshik-Tash and could be assigned to a child of a similar age. The three fossils have been compared with the remains of other Neanderthals or anatomically Modern Humans (AMH). Furthermore, the comparison of the infantile femora, Marillac 25 and Teshik-Tash, with the remains of several European children from the early Middle Ages clearly demonstrates the robustness and rounded shape of both Neanderthal diaphyses. Evidence of peri-mortem manipulations have been identified on all three bones, with spiral fractures, percussion pits and, in the case of the radius and femur, unquestionable cutmarks made with flint implements, probably during defleshing. Traces of periostosis appear on the fibula fragment and on the immature femoral diaphysis, although their aetiology remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Garralda
- U. D. de Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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