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Al-Shahrani GS, Belali TM. Frequency of drug-resistant bacterial isolates among pregnant women with UTI in maternity and children's hospital, Bisha, Saudi Arabia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7397. [PMID: 38548851 PMCID: PMC10978862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most prevalent bacterial infections affecting humans, with a higher incidence among women. Pregnant women are at an increased risk of developing UTIs, which can have detrimental consequences for both the mother and fetus. UTIs can be caused by various bacteria, and the prevalence of drug-resistant UTIs in maternity and children's hospitals is a cause for concern due to the potential for severe complications if left untreated. The primary objective of the current study was to determine the distribution of UTI-causing bacteria and investigate the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of isolated cultures obtained from pregnant women with UTIs at the Maternity and Children's Hospital, Bisha, Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to October 2023, involving the analysis of urine samples collected from 321 participants who acquired UTIs during pregnancy. Using biochemical tests and standard cultures, the urine samples were examined for pathogenic bacteria and their anti-microbial sensitivity patterns. The study analyzed susceptibility results according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (M100, 28th Edition, 2018). Bacterial strains demonstrating resistance to three or more antibiotics were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). This study revealed the distribution of UTI-causing bacteria to be as follows: Escherichia coli, 57.01%; Klebsiella pneumoniae, 24.61%; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 4.36%; Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter cloacae, 3.74%; Streptococcus agalactiae, 3.11%; Enterococcus faecalis, 2.18%; and Staphylococcus aureus, 1.24%. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing varied among gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Gentamicin demonstrated the highest sensitivity among both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; piperacillin-tazobactam was the second most effective drug against gram-negative bacteria. The bacterial isolates showed varying susceptibility to different antibiotics, with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa being mainly sensitive to gentamicin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. The strategies for reducing the risk of UTIs need to be improved to limit the spread of MDR bacteria. These strategies may include promoting hygienic practices and administering appropriate antibiotics to prevent the emergence and spread of drug-resistant bacteria. Further research is required to monitor the trends in antibiotic resistance among UTI-causing bacteria and develop effective strategies for managing this public health menace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghady S Al-Shahrani
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, 255, Al Nakhil, 67714, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tareg M Belali
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, 255, Al Nakhil, 67714, Bisha, Saudi Arabia.
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2
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Kebbeh A, Dsane-Aidoo P, Sanyang K, Darboe SMK, Fofana N, Ameme D, Sanyang AM, Darboe KS, Darboe S, Sanneh B, Kenu E, Anto F. Antibiotics susceptibility patterns of uropathogenic bacteria: a cross-sectional analytic study at Kanifing General Hospital, The Gambia. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:723. [PMID: 37880663 PMCID: PMC10599079 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance poses a public health threat for the treatment of community-acquired urinary tract infections. This study determined the susceptibility patterns of uropathogens and associated risk factors among outpatients diagnosed with urinary tract infections at the Kanifing General Hospital in the Gambia. METHODS A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted among patients with suspected urinary tract infections at Kanifing General Hospital from March to May 2021. Data on socio-demographic and other risk factors were collected from the study participants using a structured pre-tested questionnaire. Mid-stream urine samples were collected, and bacteria identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing done using standard microbiological methods. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were done to determine factors associated with urinary tract infection at 95% confidence level and a p -value < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 422 patients were enrolled with 82.5% (348/422) being females. The prevalence of community acquired urinary tract infection was 12.8% (54/422). Escherichia coli was the most prevalent isolate (74.1%, 40/54), followed by Klebsiella spp (8.5%, 10/54). Antimicrobial resistance was highest for Ampicillin (87.0%, 47/54), Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (77.8%, 42/54) and Tetracycline (75.9%, 41/54). Uropathogens sensitivity was 77.8% (42/54) for Nitrofurantoin and 75.9% (41/54) for Ceftazidime. Being female (aOR 5.90 95% CI = 1.48-23.67), previous history of urinary tract infection (aOR 2.34, 95% CI = 1.06-5.14), use of unprescribed antibiotics (aOR 2.0, 95% CI = 1.05-3.62) and having no formal education (aOR 8.02, 95% CI = 1.04-62.0) were significant factors associated for having uropathogenic bacterial infection. CONCLUSION E. coli was the most prevalent uropathogen isolated. Ciprofloxacin, Nitrofurantoin and Ceftazidime were the most sensitive antibiotics. Routine surveillance of susceptibility of uropathogenic bacteria would be helpful to update clinicians on the choice of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abou Kebbeh
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
- National Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Banjul, The Gambia.
| | | | - Kawsu Sanyang
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sheriffo M K Darboe
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Nuha Fofana
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Donne Ameme
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Abdoulie M Sanyang
- National Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Banjul, The Gambia
| | | | - Saffiatou Darboe
- Laboratory Management, Medical Research Council Unit at the LSTHM, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Bakary Sanneh
- National Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Ernest Kenu
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Francis Anto
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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3
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Alhazmi AH, Alameer KM, Abuageelah BM, Alharbi RH, Mobarki M, Musawi S, Haddad M, Matabi A, Dhayhi N. Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Urinary Tract Infections: A Cross-Sectional Study from Southwestern Saudi Arabia. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1411. [PMID: 37629701 PMCID: PMC10456825 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a prevalent form of urinary tract diseases affecting individuals of all ages and genders. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), UTIs are a significant burden on the healthcare system, comprising 10% of all infections and ranking as the second leading cause of emergency department admissions. Despite this, limited research has been conducted in Saudi Arabia, particularly in Jazan Province, located in the southwestern region. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study encompassed individuals with positive urine cultures who sought care at a tertiary hospital in Jazan between January 2022 and March 2023. A standardized data collection form was utilized to retrieve relevant information from microbiology lab test results and patients' electronic medical records. Variables such as sex, urine sample collection date, bacterial isolates, antibiotic sensitivity, and resistance were collected using the data collection form. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: A total of 1082 urinary bacterial samples were isolated and identified. Females accounted for more bacterial infections (62.66%) than males (37.34%). Gram-negative bacteria represented 94% of all isolated strains. The most prevalent pathogens associated with UTIs were Escherichia coli (47.97%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (24.58%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.55%). Antimicrobial resistance patterns indicated the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) (30.13%), carbapenemase-resistant Enterobacter (CRE) (1.94%), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (0.74%), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) (0.18%). UTI incidence demonstrated a higher prevalence in September (13%) compared to other months in 2022. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the predominant Gram-negative multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO), accounting for 34.42%, 13.95%, and 1.63% of the population. Conclusions: The prevalence of UTIs caused by antibiotic-resistant microbes is notable in Jazan. Consistent with findings from other regions, Escherichia coli remains the most common causative pathogen of UTIs, displaying a seasonal pattern that warrants attention. Approximately 35% of reported cases involve MDRO, with ESBLs accounting for 30%. These results should raise concerns among healthcare officials, highlighting the necessity for further investigations into factors contributing to the circulation of MDRO in Jazan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bandar M. Abuageelah
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College, Aseer 62451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rena H. Alharbi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa Mobarki
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaqraa Musawi
- Faculty of Medical Applied Science, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moayad Haddad
- King Fahad Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.)
| | - Abdullatif Matabi
- King Fahad Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.)
| | - Nabil Dhayhi
- King Fahad Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.)
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4
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Noreen A, Masood H, Zaib J, Rafaque Z, Fatima A, Shabbir H, Alam J, Habib A, Noor S, Dil K, Dasti JI. Investigating the Role of Antibiotics on Induction, Inhibition and Eradication of Biofilms of Poultry Associated Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Chicken Meat. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11111663. [PMID: 36421307 PMCID: PMC9686770 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Widespread use of antibiotics as growth promoters and prophylactic agents has dramatic consequences for the development of antibiotic resistance. In this study, we investigated effects of selected antibiotics on bacterial biofilms and performed extensive antibiotic and VF profiling of poultry-meat associated E. coli strains. Methods: Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by a disc diffusion method, followed by molecular screening of resistance and virulence determinants. Further biofilm formation assays, MIC-p, MIC-b, MBIC and MBEC, were performed using standard tissue culture plate method. Results: In total, 83 (75%) samples were confirmed as E. coli from poultry sources, 26 different antibiotics were tested, and maximum numbers of the isolates were resistant to lincomycin (100%), while the least resistance was seen against cefotaxime (1%) and polymyxin B (1%). Overall, 48% of the isolates were ESBL producers and 40% showed carbapenemase activity; important virulence genes were detected in following percentages: fimH32 (39%), papC21 (25%), iutA34 (41%), kpsMT-II23 (28%), papEF9 (11%), papGII22 (27%) and fyuA13 (16%). Colistin showed remarkable anti-biofilm activity, while at sub-MIC levels, gentamicin, ceftriaxone and enrofloxin significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited the biofilms. A strong induction of bacterial biofilm, after exposure to sub-minimal levels of colistin clearly indicates risk of bacterial overgrowth in a farm environment, while use of colistin aggravates the risk of emergence of colistin resistant Enterobacteriaceae, a highly undesirable public health scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Noreen
- Lab of Microbial Genomics and Epidemiology, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Masood
- Lab of Microbial Genomics and Epidemiology, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Jaweria Zaib
- Lab of Microbial Genomics and Epidemiology, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zara Rafaque
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Areeta Fatima
- Lab of Microbial Genomics and Epidemiology, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hira Shabbir
- Lab of Microbial Genomics and Epidemiology, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Javaria Alam
- Lab of Microbial Genomics and Epidemiology, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Habib
- Lab of Microbial Genomics and Epidemiology, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saba Noor
- Lab of Microbial Genomics and Epidemiology, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Kinza Dil
- Lab of Microbial Genomics and Epidemiology, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Javid Iqbal Dasti
- Lab of Microbial Genomics and Epidemiology, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
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5
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Adegoke AA, Ikott WE, Okoh AI. Carbapenem Resistance Associated with Coliuria among Outpatient and Hospitalized Urology Patients. New Microbes New Infect 2022; 48:101019. [PMID: 36176538 PMCID: PMC9513764 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2022.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization in 2017 listed carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) with critical priority for research. A research to assess carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli (CREc) in coliuria among the outpatients and inpatients of a tertiary health institution was carried out using conventional methods, polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing, and bioinformatics. There were 39 positive coliuria cases from the urine samples collected from a total of 126 patients with various genitourinary diseases. The E. coli enumeration (log10 CFU/mL) revealed that 82.1% (n = 32) of the samples showed significant coliuria, 12.8% (n = 5) showed non-significant coliuria while 5.1% (n = 2) showed indeterminate coliuria even when repeated. Significantly higher numbers (p > 0.05) of the sampled inpatients yielded positive coliuria (57.9%) than the outpatients. Though there were significantly more (P > 0.05) urology female patients (n = 77) than male (n = 49), coliuria was more prevalent in sampled male patients (34.9%) than female (28.6%). Highest prevalence of coliuria was observed among the age range (18–30) years. Selected CREc that was sequenced and the sequences submitted to GenBank of National Center for Biotechnological Information (NCBI) were Escherichia coli AYO-WINI111 and Escherichia coli AYO-WINI112 with accession number MT735391 and MT735392, respectively. High resistance was observed against ertapenem (53%), imipenem (62%), meropenem (48%), and doripenem (47%), while 7%–22% of the isolates showed phenotypic intermediate carbapenem resistance. Critically dangerous CREc are harboured by large number urology patients in the study area, depicting the need for more attention in the management of the condition, as CREc are close to achieving totally antibiotic resistance.
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6
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Global and Regional Burden of Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance in Urinary Tract Infections in 2019. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102817. [PMID: 35628941 PMCID: PMC9147874 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are still no detailed data about the burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in urinary tract infections (UTI). Concrete knowledge of global and regional bacterial AMR data is crucial for developing informed programs and policies to control bacterial AMR and for prudent use of antibiotics to optimize antibiotic therapy in patients with UTI. This study aimed to provide comprehensive global and regional estimates for the AMR burden of UTI in 2019. METHODS Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), including death, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), year lived with disability (YLD), and years of life lost (YLL) for bacterial AMR in UTI for 7 GBD super-regions, 21 regions, 14 pathogens, 13 antibiotic classes, and 66 pathogen-antibiotic combinations in 2019. The estimates were based on two counterfactual scenarios: drug-susceptible infection and no infection. RESULTS Globally, there were 64.89 thousand deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 45.86-93.35) attributed to and 0.26 million deaths (95% UI: 0.18-0.36) associated with bacterial AMR in UTI in 2019. Among regions, the all-age death rates were higher in southern Latin America, tropical Latin America, and Europe and lower in sub-Saharan Africa. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for more than 50% of deaths attributable to and associated with AMR, and resistance was high among multiple types of antibiotic class, including fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, and third-generation cephalosporins. There were 2 pathogen-drug combinations that caused more than 6000 resistance-attributable deaths: third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli and fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli. CONCLUSIONS AMR in UTI is an unignorable health problem, both for the management of urology disease and for global antibiotic resistance. Special tailored strategies, including enhanced surveillance and rational use of antibiotics, should be developed for different regions according to the region-specific pathogen-antibiotic situations and resources.
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7
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AAUS guideline for acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis. J Infect Chemother 2022; 28:1092-1097. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Choudhary GR, Jain P, Pandey H, Madduri VKS, Singh M, Gupta P, Goyal S, Tak V, Nag VL. Frequency and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pathogens from Cases of Urinary Tract Infection: A Prospective Observational Study. J Lab Physicians 2022; 14:265-270. [PMID: 36119433 PMCID: PMC9473945 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1742419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common diagnoses in patients visiting urology clinics. Rampant use of empiric and inadequate doses of antibiotics leads to an increase in resistance and poses a huge financial burden. We evaluated UTI in relation to antibiotics used, frequency, susceptibility, and resistance pattern of different pathogens at a tertiary care center and made some important observations.
Methods
Prospectively 729 patients diagnosed with UTI attending a urology outpatient department from July 2018 to January 2020 were managed accordingly. Antibiotics were started on the basis of urine culture and sensitivity (c/s) or empirically and changed according to subsequent urine c/s. Repeat urine c/s was performed after 5 to 7 days of starting therapy and 10 days after completion of therapy.
Results
Out of 729 subjects, 417 (57.2%) were males and 312 (42.8%) were females. The most common symptom at diagnosis was dysuria 512 (70.2%), whereas 221 (30.3%) patients presented with fever.
Escherichia coli
was the most common organism isolated, 453 (62.1%). Among 729 patients, 239 took antibiotics without c/s report, whereas in 490 patients antibiotics were prescribed after the report. A total of 431 (59.1%) patients required one antibiotic session for clearance of pathogen, whereas 135 (18.5%) required two sessions, and three sessions were required in 66 (9%) cases. Among 239 patients whose culture came out to be positive, 145 (60.6%) were found to be resistant to the previously given antibiotic and the common pathogens isolated were
E. coli
(61 [42%]),
Pseudomonas
(28 [19.3%]),
Enterococcus
(22 [15.1%]),
Klebsiella
(14 [9.6%]), and others.
Conclusion
Unchecked, rampant, and inadequate use of antibiotics leads to complicated UTI with the increasing share of
Pseudomonas, Klebsiella
, or other dangerous microbes, which are difficult to treat as well as pose threat in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pritesh Jain
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Himanshu Pandey
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | | | - Mahendra Singh
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Prateek Gupta
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Suresh Goyal
- Department of Urology, Guru Gobind Medical College, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Vibhor Tak
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi Nag
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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Choi U, Kim E, Lyu DH, Kim KS, Park BH, Chung H, Han CH, Bae S. The change of antibiotic susceptibility in febrile urinary tract infection in childhood and adolescence during the last decade. Investig Clin Urol 2022; 63:99-106. [PMID: 34983128 PMCID: PMC8756146 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20210350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to clarify the pattern of antibiotic resistance in pediatric urinary tract infections (UTIs). Materials and Methods We analyzed the data of entire urine culture tests and antibiotic susceptibility tests performed on hospitalized patients for febrile UTI at the Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital during 2010–2020. A retrospective analysis was performed using medical records of urine culture results and antibiotic susceptibility results in patients with UTIs. Results We performed urine cultures from 2,491 patients, and identified bacterial types in 1,651 cases. We found that the resistance rates to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefazolin, gentamicin, piperacillin, tobramycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were already over 20% in 2010. The resistance rates to many other antibiotics also steadily increased over time. Among the antibiotics tested in 2020, only amikacin, cefoxitin, imipenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, and tigecycline showed the resistance rates below 20%. Noticeably, ciprofloxacin also showed an increase in the resistance rate from 7.3% in 2010 (S 139 vs. R 11) to 27.78% in 2019 (S 104 vs. R 40) and even over 30% (33.96%) in 2020 (S 35 vs. R 18). Conclusions Antibiotic resistance is a serious problem in pediatric UTIs. In the treatment of pediatric UTIs, more caution is needed in the use of antibiotics. It may be necessary to apply appropriate antibiotic management programs such as antibiotics steward program for pediatric patients. Failure of a proper response strategy coping with antibiotic resistance may accelerate the resistance crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Useok Choi
- Department of Urology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Eunjae Kim
- Department of Urology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Don Hee Lyu
- Department of Urology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Kang Seob Kim
- Department of Urology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Bong Hee Park
- Department of Urology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Hong Chung
- Department of Urology, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital, Chungju, Korea
| | - Chang Hee Han
- Department of Urology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Sangrak Bae
- Department of Urology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea.
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10
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Zhu C, Wang DQ, Zi H, Huang Q, Gu JM, Li LY, Guo XP, Li F, Fang C, Li XD, Zeng XT. Epidemiological trends of urinary tract infections, urolithiasis and benign prostatic hyperplasia in 203 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:64. [PMID: 34879880 PMCID: PMC8656041 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTI), urolithiasis, and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are three of the most common nonmalignant conditions in urology. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive and updated epidemiological data. This study aimed to investigate the disease burden of UTI, urolithiasis, and BPH in 203 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. METHODS Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2019, including incident cases, deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and corresponding age-standardized rate (ASR) from 1990 to 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated to evaluate the trends of ASR. The associations between disease burden and social development degrees were analyzed using a sociodemographic index (SDI). RESULTS Compared with 1990, the incident cases of UTI, urolithiasis, and BPH increased by 60.40%, 48.57%, and 105.70% in 2019, respectively. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of UTI increased (EAPC = 0.08), while urolithiasis (EAPC = - 0.83) and BPH (EAPC = - 0.03) decreased from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of UTI and urolithiasis were 3.13/100,000 and 0.17/100,000, respectively. BPH had the largest increase (110.56%) in DALYs in the past three decades, followed by UTI (68.89%) and urolithiasis (16.95%). The burden of UTI was mainly concentrated in South Asia and Tropical Latin America, while the burden of urolithiasis and BPH was recorded in Asia and Eastern Europe. Moreover, the ASIR and SDI of urolithiasis in high-SDI regions from 1990 to 2019 were negatively correlated, while the opposite trend was seen in low-SDI regions. In 2019, the ASIR of UTI in females was 3.59 times that of males, while the ASIR of urolithiasis in males was 1.96 times higher than that in females. The incidence was highest in the 30-34, 55-59, and 65-69 age groups among the UTI, urolithiasis, and BPH groups, respectively. CONCLUSION Over the past three decades, the disease burden has increased for UTI but decreased for urolithiasis and BPH. The allocation of medical resources should be based more on the epidemiological characteristics and geographical distribution of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Dan-Qi Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Zi
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Qiao Huang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.,Department of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Second School of Clinical Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jia-Min Gu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Lu-Yao Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Xing-Pei Guo
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.,Institutes of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Institutes of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China. .,Department of Urology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China.
| | - Xian-Tao Zeng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China. .,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China. .,Department of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Second School of Clinical Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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11
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Stamatiou K, Samara E, Alidjanov JF, Pilatz AME, Naber KG, Wagenlehner FME. Clinical Validation of the Greek Version of the Acute Cystitis Symptom Score (ACSS)-Part II. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101253. [PMID: 34680833 PMCID: PMC8532759 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Acute Cystitis Symptom Score (ACSS) is a patient self-reporting questionnaire for the clinical diagnosis and patient-reported outcome (PRO) in women with acute uncomplicated cystitis (AC). The aim of the current study (part II) is the clinical validation of the Greek ACSS questionnaire. After linguistic validation according to internationally accepted guidelines and cognitive assessment (part I), the clinical validation was performed by using the Greek ACSS study version in 92 evaluable female participants including 53 patients with symptoms suspicious of AC and 39 controls. The clinical outcome using the ACSS questionnaire at different points in time after the start of treatment was demonstrated as well. The age (mean ± SD) of the 53 patients (44.7 ± 17.0 years) and 39 controls (49.3 ± 15.9 years) and their additional conditions at baseline visits, such as menstruation, premenstrual syndrome, pregnancy, menopause, diabetes mellitus, were comparable. There was, however, a significant difference (p < 0.001) between patients and controls at baseline visit regarding sum score of the ACSS domains, such as typical symptoms and quality of life. The clinical outcome of up to 7 days showed a fast reduction of the symptom scores and improvement of quality of life. The optimal thresholds for the patient-reported outcome of successful therapy could be established. The linguistically and clinically validated Greek ACSS questionnaire can now be used for clinical or epidemiological studies and also for patients' self-diagnosis of AC and as a PRO measure tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evangelia Samara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Tzaneio General Hospital, 18536 Piraeus, Greece;
| | - Jakhongir F. Alidjanov
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.F.A.); (A.M.E.P.); (F.M.E.W.)
| | - Adrian M. E. Pilatz
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.F.A.); (A.M.E.P.); (F.M.E.W.)
| | - Kurt G. Naber
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81664 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Florian M. E. Wagenlehner
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.F.A.); (A.M.E.P.); (F.M.E.W.)
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12
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Cock I, Mavuso N, Van Vuuren S. A Review of Plant-Based Therapies for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in Traditional Southern African Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:7341124. [PMID: 34367307 PMCID: PMC8346297 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7341124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are amongst the most common bacterial infections globally, with ∼11% of the world's population contracting at least one infection annually. Several South African plants are used in traditional healing systems to treat UTIs, yet the therapeutic potential of these plants against bacteria that cause UTI remains poorly explored. This study documents southern African plant species used traditionally to treat UTIs. An extensive literature review was undertaken to document the southern African plant species that are used in traditional South African medicine to treat UTIs, thereby highlighting gaps in the current research that require further study. One hundred and fifty-three southern African plant species that are used to treat UTIs were identified. Eighty-five southern African plants were identified as having noteworthy inhibitory activity against the major UTI-causing bacteria. Few of those studies screened against all of the bacterial causes of UTIs, and none of those studies examined the mechanism of action of the plant preparations. Furthermore, many of those studies did not test the toxicity of the plant extracts, so an evaluation of the safety for therapeutic usage was lacking. Substantial further research is to determine their potential for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Cock
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nothando Mavuso
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2193, South Africa
| | - Sandy Van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2193, South Africa
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13
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Alidjanov JF, Khudaybergenov UA, Ayubov BA, Pilatz A, Mohr S, Münst JC, Ziviello Yuen ON, Pilatz S, Christmann C, Dittmar F, Mirsaidov NM, Buch-Heberling M, Naber KG, Bjerklund Johansen TE, Wagenlehner FME. Linguistic and clinical validation of the acute cystitis symptom score in German-speaking Swiss women with acute cystitis. Int Urogynecol J 2021; 32:3275-3286. [PMID: 34170341 PMCID: PMC8227360 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-021-04864-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS The Global Prevalence Study of Infections in Urinary tract in Community Setting (GPIU.COM) includes epidemiological aspects of acute cystitis (AC) in women in Germany and Switzerland. The primary study relates to the German version of the Acute Cystitis Symptom Score (ACSS), a self-reporting questionnaire for self-diagnosis and monitoring the symptomatic course of AC in women. The current study aimed to analyze the validity and reliability of the German ACSS in German-speaking female patients with AC in Switzerland. METHODS Anonymized patient data were collected and analyzed from women with AC at the first visit (diagnosis) and follow-up visits as baseline and controls, respectively. Data from 97 patients with a median age of 41 years underwent analysis. Psychometric and diagnostic characteristics of the ACSS were measured and statistically analyzed. RESULTS Average internal consistency of the ACSS resulted in a Cronbach's alpha (95% CI) of 0.86 (0.83; 0.89) and did not differ significantly between the Swiss and German cohorts. Diagnostic values of the ACSS for the Swiss cohort were relatively lower than for the German cohort, possible due to discrepancies between definitions of UTI in national guidelines. CONCLUSIONS The analysis showed that the German version of the ACSS is also suitable for use in the German-speaking female population of Switzerland. Minor differences in definitions of AC between German and Swiss guidelines explain the observed discrepancies in diagnostic values of the ACSS between cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakhongir F Alidjanov
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Rudolph-Buchheim str. 7, 35392, Giessen, Hessen, Germany.
| | | | - Bekhzod A Ayubov
- Department of Urological Surgery, Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Center of Urology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Adrian Pilatz
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Mohr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julia C Münst
- Department of Gynaecology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Corina Christmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Dittmar
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Nodir M Mirsaidov
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Mareike Buch-Heberling
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Kurt G Naber
- Department of Urology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Truls E Bjerklund Johansen
- Department of Urology of Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Florian M E Wagenlehner
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
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14
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Palacios-Ceña D, Florencio LL, Hernández-Barrera V, Fernandez-de-las-Peñas C, de Miguel-Diez J, Martínez-Hernández D, Carabantes-Alarcón D, Jimenez-García R, Lopez-de-Andres A, Lopez-Herranz M. Trends in Incidence and Outcomes of Hospitalizations for Urinary Tract Infection among Older People in Spain (2001-2018). J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112332. [PMID: 34073638 PMCID: PMC8198653 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: To assess time trends in the incidence and in-hospital outcomes of urinary tract infection (UTI) in older people (≥65 years) in Spain (2001–2018) according to sex and to identify the factors independently associated with in-hospital mortality (IHM). (2) Methods: Using the Spanish National Hospital Database, we analyzed comorbidity, procedures, diagnosis, isolated microorganisms, and outcomes. (3) Results: We included 583,693 admissions (56.76% women). In both sexes, the incidence increased with age over time (p < 0.001). In men and women, the highest IHM was found among the oldest patients (>84 years) with values of 9.16% and 8.6%, respectively. The prevalence of bacteremia increased from 4.61% to 4.98% from 2001 to 2018 (p < 0.001) and sepsis decreased from 3.16% to 1.69% (p < 0.001). The risk of dying increased with age (>84 years) (OR 3.63; 95% CI 3.5–3.78) and with almost all comorbidities. Urinary catheter was a risk factor for women (OR 1.1; 95% CI 1.02–1.18) and protective for men (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.66–0.76). Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus increased the risk of IHM by 40% among men (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.28–1.53). After adjusting for confounders, IHM decreased over time. (4) Conclusions: The incidence of UTIs was higher in older patients and increased over time; however, IHM decreased during the same period. Female sex, age, comorbidities, sepsis, and a Staphylococcus aureus isolation increased risk of IHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Palacios-Ceña
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain; (D.P.-C.); (L.L.F.); (C.F.-d.-l.-P.)
| | - Lidiane Lima Florencio
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain; (D.P.-C.); (L.L.F.); (C.F.-d.-l.-P.)
| | - Valentín Hernández-Barrera
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Teaching and Research Unit, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Cesar Fernandez-de-las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain; (D.P.-C.); (L.L.F.); (C.F.-d.-l.-P.)
| | - Javier de Miguel-Diez
- Respiratory Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - David Martínez-Hernández
- Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-H.); (D.C.-A.); (R.J.-G.)
| | - David Carabantes-Alarcón
- Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-H.); (D.C.-A.); (R.J.-G.)
| | - Rodrigo Jimenez-García
- Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-H.); (D.C.-A.); (R.J.-G.)
| | - Ana Lopez-de-Andres
- Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-H.); (D.C.-A.); (R.J.-G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Lopez-Herranz
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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15
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Aamir AH, Raja UY, Asghar A, Mahar SA, Ghaffar T, Ahmed I, Qureshi FM, Zafar J, Hasan MI, Riaz A, Raza SA, Khosa IA, Khan J, Raza M, Baqar JB. Asymptomatic urinary tract infections and associated risk factors in Pakistani Muslim type 2 diabetic patients. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:388. [PMID: 33902477 PMCID: PMC8077900 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One of the leading long-term complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) includes renal dysfunction and urinary tract infections (UTI) which are considered to be prevalent in uncontrolled diabetes. Moreover, physiological factors like age, gender, duration of diabetes, other diabetic complications like neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy and glycosuria are also considered as predisposing factors for increased prevalence of UTI in diabetes which can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Methods This was a cross-sectional, multi-centre study including diabetic patients from 12 clinical sites spread across major cities of Pakistan. The inclusion criteria were adult Pakistani population of age between 18 to 75 years both genders and suffering from T2DM irrespective of duration. A detailed clinical history of the past 3 months was recorded and, biochemical investigations of blood samples were conducted. Urine culture analysis performed identified the type of pathogen present and was done only for asymptomatic patients. Results A total of 745 type 2 diabetic patients were initially screened, out of 545 patients considered for final analysis 501 (91.92%) were negative and the rest 44 (8.08%) had positive urine culture. Female gender had a significantly higher proportion of positive urine culture (77.27%, p-value< 0.001). Body mass index and mean age had insignificant distribution among the two groups of positive and negative urine culture, with age 40–59 years having higher proportion (70.45%) in the positive group. Escherichia coli was detected in most of the positive samples (52.3%). All bacterial samples were found resistant to Ciprofloxacin. Conclusion Diabetic Pakistani muslim female patients are identified to be at high risk of suffering from asymptomatic UTI and age more than 40 years is an important risk factor. Escherichia coli was the most common causative organism among people living in this geographical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizul Hasan Aamir
- Khyber Girls Medical College, Hayatabad Medical complex, Peshawar, Pakistan. .,Post Graduate Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | - Tahir Ghaffar
- Khyber Girls Medical College, Hayatabad Medical complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jahanzeb Khan
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Raza
- Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
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16
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Cao D, Shen Y, Huang Y, Chen B, Chen Z, Ai J, Liu L, Yang L, Wei Q. Levofloxacin Versus Ciprofloxacin in the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections: Evidence-Based Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:658095. [PMID: 33897441 PMCID: PMC8060646 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.658095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections acquired both in community and hospital. Fluoroquinolones, represented by levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, are widely used for treatment of UTIs. However, it remains controversial for the comparison between the 2 drugs, which propelled us to conduct the first evidence-based research on this topic. To establish their relative efficacy and safety, we searched Pubmed, embase, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for UTIs. A total of 5 RCTs were finally included, involving 2,352 patients and a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to compare the end-of-therapy and posttherapy clinical success rate, microbial eradication rate and adverse event rate. Jadad score and Review Manager 5.3.0 version were applied respectively to evaluate the study quality and heterogeneity. There was no significant difference between levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin group in end-of-therapy or posttherapy clinical success rate and microbial eradication rate (p > 0.05). As for adverse event rate, the 2 drugs were comparable and both safe for clinical use. Based on one included trial and pharmacological research, we raised hypothesis that levofloxacin was superior to ciprofloxacin for treatment of E. coli-induced chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) and it required a further study to prove it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehong Cao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinzhi Shen
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangren Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Sugianli AK, Ginting F, Parwati I, de Jong MD, van Leth F, Schultsz C. Antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens in the Asia-Pacific region: a systematic review. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2021; 3:dlab003. [PMID: 34223081 PMCID: PMC8210283 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in urinary tract infections (UTI) is a global public health problem. However, estimates of the prevalence of AMR, required for empirical treatment guidelines, are lacking for many regions. OBJECTIVES To perform a systematic review and summarize the available information about AMR prevalence among urinary Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, the two priority uropathogens, in the Asia-Pacific region (APAC). METHODS PubMed, EBSCO and Web of Science databases were searched for articles (2008-20), following PRISMA guidelines. The prevalence of resistance was calculated and reported as point estimate with 95% CI for antimicrobial drugs recommended in WHO treatment guidelines. Data were stratified by country and surveillance approach (laboratory- or population-based surveillance). The quality of included articles was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. RESULTS Out of 2400 identified articles, 24 studies, reporting on 11 (26.8%) of the 41 APAC countries, met the inclusion criteria. Prevalence of resistance against trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone ranged between 33% and 90%, with highest prevalence reported from Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka and Indonesia. Resistance against nitrofurantoin ranged between 2.7% and 31.4%. Two studies reported data on fosfomycin resistance (1.8% and 1.7%). Quality of reporting was moderate. CONCLUSIONS We show very high prevalence estimates of AMR against antibiotics commonly used for the empirical treatment of UTI, in the limited number of countries in the APAC for which data are available. Novel feasible and affordable approaches that facilitate population-based AMR surveillance are needed to increase knowledge on AMR prevalence across the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhi Kristianto Sugianli
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Franciscus Ginting
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Ida Parwati
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Menno D de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank van Leth
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Constance Schultsz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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The Antibacterial Activity of Human Amniotic Membrane against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Associated with Urinary Tract Infections: New Insights from Normal and Cancerous Urothelial Models. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020218. [PMID: 33672670 PMCID: PMC7924402 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a serious global health issue, especially due to emerging multidrug-resistant UTI-causing bacteria. Recently, we showed that the human amniotic membrane (hAM) could be a candidate for treatments and prevention of UPEC and Staphylococcus aureus infections. However, its role against multidrug-resistant bacteria, namely methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa has not yet been thoroughly explored. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the hAM homogenate had antibacterial activity against 7 out of 11 tested multidrug-resistant strains, the greatest effect was on MRSA. Using novel approaches, its activity against MRSA was further evaluated in a complex microenvironment of normal and cancerous urinary bladder urothelia. Even short-term incubation in hAM homogenate significantly decreased the number of bacteria in MRSA-infected urothelial models, while it did not affect the viability, number, and ultrastructure of urothelial cells. The hAM patches had no antibacterial activity against any of the tested strains, which further exposes the importance of the hAM preparation. Our study substantially contributes to basic knowledge on the antibacterial activity of hAM and reveals its potential to be used as an antibacterial agent against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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20
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A Prediction Tool for the Presence of Ceftriaxone-Resistant Uropathogens upon Hospital Admission. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060316. [PMID: 32531880 PMCID: PMC7345845 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens is a particularly pressing problem in the Asia-Pacific region. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence and susceptibility of uropathogens upon hospital admission and to develop a risk-scoring model to predict the presence of ceftriaxone-resistance uropathogens (CrP). This was a retrospective observational cohort study of patients with a positive urine culture within 48 h of presentation at National University Hospital, Singapore between June 2015 and August 2015. Escherichia coli was the most common uropathogen isolated (51.7%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (15.1%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.2%). Overall, 372 out of 869 isolates (42.8%) were resistant to ceftriaxone. Hospitalization for ≥2 days within past 30 days, antibiotic use within the past 3 months and male gender were associated with the presence of CrP. A risk score based on these parameters successfully predicted CrP with an area under the curve of 0.68. The risk score will help clinicians to accurately predict antibiotic resistance at the individual patient level and allow physicians to safely prescribe empiric ceftriaxone in patients at low risk of CrP, thus reducing the antibiotic selection pressure that is driving carbapenem resistance in hospitals throughout Asia.
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Khalil GM, El-Balat I, Zeid AA, Al-Mohamma AR, Enan G. Prevalence, Characterization and Inhibition by Probiotics of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Renal Failure Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2020.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Kotb DN, Mahdy WK, Mahmoud MS, Khairy RMM. Impact of co-existence of PMQR genes and QRDR mutations on fluoroquinolones resistance in Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from community and hospital acquired UTIs. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:979. [PMID: 31752702 PMCID: PMC6868749 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluoroquinolones are commonly recommended as treatment for urinary tract infections (UTIs). The development of resistance to these agents, particularly in gram-negative microorganisms complicates treatment of infections caused by these organisms. This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial resistance of different Enterobacteriaceae species isolated from hospital- acquired and community-acquired UTIs against fluoroquinolones and correlate its levels with the existing genetic mechanisms of resistance. METHODS A total of 440 Enterobacteriaceae isolates recovered from UTIs were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes and mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA and parC genes were examined in quinolone-resistant strains. RESULTS About (32.5%) of isolates were resistant to quinolones and (20.5%) were resistant to fluoroquinolones. All isolates with high and intermediate resistance phenotypes harbored one or more PMQR genes. QnrB was the most frequent gene (62.9%) of resistant isolates. Co-carriage of 2 PMQR genes was detected in isolates (46.9%) with high resistance to ciprofloxacin (CIP) (MICs > 128 μg/mL), while co-carriage of 3 PMQR genes was detected in (6.3%) of resistant isolates (MICs > 512 μg/mL). Carriage of one gene only was detected in intermediate resistance isolates (MICs of CIP = 1.5-2 μg/mL). Neither qnrA nor qnrC genes were detected. The mutation at code 83 of gyrA was the most frequent followed by Ser80-Ile in parC gene, while Asp-87 Asn mutation of gyrA gene was the least, where it was detected only in high resistant E. coli isolates (MIC ≥128 μg/mL). A double mutation in gyrA (Lys154Arg and Ser171Ala) was observed in high FQs resistant isolates (MIC of CIP < 128 μg/mL). CONCLUSION FQs resistance is caused by interact between PMQR genes and mutations in both gyrA and parC genes while a mutation in one gene only can explain quinolone resistance. Accumulation of PMQR genes and QRDR mutations confers high resistance to FQs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Nabil Kotb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Khairy Mahdy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Shokry Mahmoud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt
| | - Rasha M M Khairy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt.
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Medina M, Castillo-Pino E. An introduction to the epidemiology and burden of urinary tract infections. Ther Adv Urol 2019; 11:1756287219832172. [PMID: 31105774 PMCID: PMC6502976 DOI: 10.1177/1756287219832172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common outpatient infections, with a
lifetime incidence of 50−60% in adult women. This is a narrative review
aimed at acting as an introduction to the epidemiology and burden of UTIs. This
review is based on relevant literature according to the experience and expertise
of the authors. The prevalence of UTI increases with age, and in women aged over
65 is approximately double the rate seen in the female population overall.
Etiology in this age group varies by health status with factors such as
catheterization affecting the likelihood of infection and the pathogens most
likely to be responsible. In younger women, increased sexual activity is a major
risk factor for UTIs and recurrence within 6 months is common. In the
female population overall, more serious infections such as pyelonephritis are
less frequent but are associated with a significant burden of care due to the
risk of hospitalization. Healthcare-associated UTIs (HAUTIs) are the most common
form of healthcare-acquired infection. Large global surveys indicate that the
nature of pathogens varies between the community and hospital setting. In
addition, the pathogens responsible for HAUTIs vary according to region making
adequate local data key to infection control. UTIs create a significant societal
and personal burden, with a substantial number of medical visits in the United
States every year being related to UTIs. European data indicate that recurrent
infections are related to increased absenteeism and physician visits. In
addition, quality of life measures are significantly impacted in women suffering
from recurrent UTIs. Data suggest that nonantimicrobial prophylactic strategies
offer an opportunity to reduce both the rate of UTIs and the personal burden
experience by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Medina
- Hospital Nacional Docente Madre-Niño San Bartolome, Lima, Perú
| | - Edgardo Castillo-Pino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of the Republic, Hospital de Clínicas, Av Italia, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Kim H, Kim HR, Kim TH, Lee MK. Age-Specific Cutoffs of the Sysmex UF-1000i Automated Urine Analyzer for Rapid Screening of Urinary Tract Infections in Outpatients. Ann Lab Med 2019; 39:322-326. [PMID: 30623625 PMCID: PMC6340846 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2019.39.3.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the usefulness of age-specific cutoffs for screening of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Korean outpatients, using the automated urine analyzer UF-1000i (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan). We retrospectively reviewed outpatient medical records. Urine samples of 7,443 outpatients from January 2010 to December 2017 were analyzed using urine culture and UF-1000i. ROC curves were calculated for each UF-1000i parameter based on the culture results. There were 1,398 culture positive samples, 5,774 culture negative samples, and 271 contaminated samples. UF-1000i had an area under the curve of ≥0.9 in outpatients >15 years. The appropriate cutoffs, which are the sum of bacterial (B-A-C) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, were 297.10/µL (15–24 years), 395.65/µL (25–44 years), 135.65/µL (45–64 years), 67.95/µL (65–74 years), and 96.5/µL (≥75 years). B-A-C and WBC counts differed among the three most frequently identified bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis). The UF-1000i system is useful for applying age-specific cutoffs to screen for UTIs, thereby preventing antibiotic abuse and reducing antibiotic resistance. Future studies can explore how its B-A-C and WBC counts can facilitate selection of empirical antibiotics by distinguishing between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ryoun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hyoung Kim
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Ugur K, Bal IA, Tartar AS, Gozel N, Orhan B, Donder E, Ozercan AM. Ciprofloxacin is not a better choice in the patients with diabetes suffering urinary tract infection. DICLE MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.5798/dicletip.474694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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