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Konuma T, Hamatani-Asakura M, Nagai E, Adachi E, Kato S, Isobe M, Monna-Oiwa M, Takahashi S, Yotsuyanagi H, Nannya Y. Cellular and humoral immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection is associated with the memory phenotype of T- and B-lymphocytes in adult allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Int J Hematol 2024:10.1007/s12185-024-03802-3. [PMID: 38842630 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-024-03802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate cellular and humoral immunogenicity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination or infection and examine how lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood correlate with cellular and humoral immunogenicity in adult allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients. The median period from SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection to sample collection was 110.5 days (range, 6-345 days). The median SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibody level was 1761 binding antibody units (BAU)/ml (range, 0 to > 11,360 BAU/ml). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assay of T cells stimulated with SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens showed that interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-, and IFN-γ + IL-2-producing T cells were present in 68.9%, 62.0%, and 56.8% of patients, respectively. The antibody level was significantly correlated with frequency of IL-2-producing T cells (P = 0.001) and IFN-γ + IL-2-producing T cells (P = 0.006) but not IFN-γ-producing T cells (P = 0.970). Absolute counts of CD8+ and CD4+ central memory T cells were higher in both IL-2- and IFN-γ + IL-2-producing cellular responders compared with non-responders. These data suggest that cellular and humoral immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection is associated with the memory phenotype of T cells and B cells in adult allogeneic HCT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Konuma
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Megumi Hamatani-Asakura
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuko Nagai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Adachi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiko Kato
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Isobe
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Monna-Oiwa
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Division of Clinical Precision Research Platform, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Nannya
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Durier C, Ninove L, van der Werf S, Lefebvre M, Desaint C, Bauer R, Attia M, Lecompte AS, Lachatre M, Maakaroun-Vermesse Z, Nicolas JF, Verdon R, Kiladjian JJ, Loubet P, Schmidt-Mutter C, Corbin V, Ansart S, Melica G, Resch M, Netzer E, Kherabi Y, Tardieu R, Lelièvre JD, Tartour E, Meyer L, de Lamballerie X, Launay O. Incidence of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine symptomatic breakthrough infections during Omicron circulation in adults with or without infection prior to vaccination. Infect Dis Now 2024; 54:104886. [PMID: 38494117 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections were frequently reported during circulation of the Omicron variant. The ANRS|MIE CoviCompareP study investigated these infections in adults vaccinated and boosted with BNT162b2 [Pfizer-BioNTech] and with/without SARS-CoV-2 infection before vaccination. METHODS In the first half of 2021, healthy adults (aged 18-45, 65-74 and 75 or older) received either one dose of BNT162b2 (n = 120) if they had a documented history of SARS-CoV-2 infection at least five months previously, or two doses (n = 147) if they had no history confirmed by negative serological tests. A first booster dose was administered at least 6 months after the primary vaccination, and a second booster dose, if any, was reported in the database. Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the European (D614G) strain and the Omicron BA.1 variant were assessed up to 28 days after the first booster dose. A case-control analysis was performed for the 252 participants who were followed up in 2022, during the Omicron waves. RESULTS From January to October 2022, 78/252 (31%) had a documented symptomatic breakthrough infection after full vaccination: 21/117 (18%) in those who had been infected before vaccination vs. 57/135 (42%) in those who had not. In a multivariate logistic regression model, factors associated with a lower risk of breakthrough infection were older age, a higher number of booster doses, and higher levels of Omicron BA.1 NAb titers in adults with infection before vaccination, but not in those without prior infection. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the need to consider immune markers of protection in association with infection and vaccination history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laetitia Ninove
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie van der Werf
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR 3569 CNRS, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Centre National de Référence Virus des Infections Respiratoires, Paris, France
| | - Maeva Lefebvre
- Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre de prévention des maladies infectieuses et transmissibles CHU de Nantes - CIC1413 Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Corinne Desaint
- INSERM US19, Villejuif, France; INSERM CIC 1417 Cochin Pasteur, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Mikael Attia
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR 3569 CNRS, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Centre National de Référence Virus des Infections Respiratoires, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Lecompte
- Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre de prévention des maladies infectieuses et transmissibles CHU de Nantes - CIC1413 Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marie Lachatre
- INSERM CIC 1417 Cochin Pasteur, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Zoha Maakaroun-Vermesse
- Centre de Vaccination CHU de Tours, Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC 1415, INSERM, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jean-François Nicolas
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France; CHU Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Renaud Verdon
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Caen, Dynamicure INSERM, UMR 1311, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Kiladjian
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques, INSERM, CIC1427, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Paul Loubet
- VBMI, INSERM U1047, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Université de Montpellier, CHU Nîmes, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Violaine Corbin
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM CIC1405, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Giovanna Melica
- Service d'Immunologie Clinique et Maladies Infectieuses, APHP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, INSERM CIC 1430, Créteil, France
| | | | | | - Yousra Kherabi
- INSERM CIC 1417 Cochin Pasteur, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Eric Tartour
- APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, INSERM U970, PARCC, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Meyer
- INSERM US19, Villejuif, France; INSERM, CESP U1018, Université Paris Saclay, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Odile Launay
- INSERM CIC 1417 Cochin Pasteur, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Takahashi T, Ai T, Saito K, Nojiri S, Takahashi M, Igawa G, Yamamoto T, Khasawneh A, Paran FJ, Takei S, Horiuchi Y, Kanno T, Tobiume M, Hiki M, Wakita M, Miida T, Okuzawa A, Suzuki T, Takahashi K, Naito T, Tabe Y. Assessment of antibody dynamics and neutralizing activity using serological assay after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291670. [PMID: 37725623 PMCID: PMC10508622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 antibody test was developed to investigate the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we examined whether S antibody titers measured using the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay (S-IgG), a high-throughput test method, reflects the neutralizing capacity acquired after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. To assess the antibody dynamics and neutralizing potency, we utilized a total of 457 serum samples from 253 individuals: 325 samples from 128 COVID-19 patients including 136 samples from 29 severe/critical cases (Group S), 155 samples from 71 mild/moderate cases (Group M), and 132 samples from 132 health care workers (HCWs) who have received 2 doses of the BNT162b2 vaccinations. The authentic virus neutralization assay, the surrogate virus neutralizing antibody test (sVNT), and the Anti-N SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay (N-IgG) have been performed along with the S-IgG. The S-IgG correlated well with the neutralizing activity detected by the authentic virus neutralization assay (0.8904. of Spearman's rho value, p < 0.0001) and sVNT (0.9206. of Spearman's rho value, p < 0.0001). However, 4 samples (2.3%) of S-IgG and 8 samples (4.5%) of sVNT were inconsistent with negative results for neutralizing activity of the authentic virus neutralization assay. The kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and anti-S IgG in severe cases were faster than the mild cases. All the HCWs elicited anti-S IgG titer after the second vaccination. However, the HCWs with history of COVID-19 or positive N-IgG elicited higher anti-S IgG titers than those who did not have it previously. Furthermore, it is difficult to predict the risk of breakthrough infection from anti-S IgG or sVNT antibody titers in HCWs after the second vaccination. Our data shows that the use of anti-S IgG titers as direct quantitative markers of neutralizing capacity is limited. Thus, antibody tests should be carefully interpreted when used as serological markers for diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Saito
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuko Nojiri
- Medical Technology Innovation Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maika Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gene Igawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamasa Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Abdullah Khasawneh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Faith Jessica Paran
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Takei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Horiuchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kanno
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tobiume
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Hiki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Wakita
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okuzawa
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Naito
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Tabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Jimenez Ruiz JA, Lopez Ramirez C, Lopez-Campos JL. Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: An in-silico study evaluating spike interactions and immune evasion. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1052241. [PMID: 36523581 PMCID: PMC9746896 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1052241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fundamentals of the infectivity and immune evasion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant are not yet fully understood. Here, we carried out an in-silico study analyzing the spike protein, the protein electrostatic potential, and the potential immune evasion. Methods The analysis was based on the structure of the spike protein from two SARS-CoV-2 variants, the original Wuhan and the Botswana (Omicron). The full-length genome sequences and protein sequences were obtained from databanks. The interaction of the spike proteins with the human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor was evaluated through the open-source software. The Immune Epitope Database was used to analyze the potential immune evasion of the viruses. Results Our data show that the Omicron spike protein resulted in 37 amino acid changes. The physicochemical properties of the spike had changed, and the electrostatic potentials differed between both variants. This resulted in a decrease in protein interactions, which does not establish a greater interaction with the ACE2 receptor. These changes compromise key receptor-binding motif residues in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that interact with neutralizing antibodies and ACE2. Conclusions These mutations appear to confer enhanced properties of infectivity. The Omicron variant appears to be more effective at evading immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Jimenez Ruiz
- Research Group on Electronic Technology and Industrial Computing (TIC-150) at the University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Cecilia Lopez Ramirez
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Lopez-Campos
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Toya T, Atsuta Y, Sanada T, Honda T, Sadato D, Sekiya N, Kogure H, Takakuwa S, Onai D, Shingai N, Shimizu H, Najima Y, Kobayashi T, Ohashi K, Harada Y, Kohara M, Doki N. Attenuated humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipients. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:586-595. [PMID: 36161681 PMCID: PMC9538567 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody persistence several months after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccination in allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipients remains largely unknown. We sequentially evaluated the humoral response to two doses of mRNA vaccines in 128 adult recipients and identified the risk factors involved in a poor response. The median interval between stem cell transplantation and vaccination was 2.7 years. The SARS-CoV-2 S1 Ab became positive after the second vaccination dose in 87.6% of the recipients, and the median titer was 1235.4 arbitrary units (AU)/ml. In patients on corticosteroid treatment, the corticosteroid dose inversely correlated with Ab titer. Multivariate analysis identified risk factors for poor peak response such as an interval from stem cell transplantation ≤1 year, history of clinically significant CMV infection, and use of >5 mg/day prednisolone at vaccination. Six months after vaccination, the median titer decreased to 185.15 AU/ml, and use of >5 mg/day prednisolone at vaccination was significantly associated with a poor response. These results indicate that early vaccination after stem cell transplantation (<12 months) and CMV infection are risk factors for poor peak response, while steroid use is important for a peak as well as a persistent response. In conclusion, although humoral response is observed in many stem cell transplantation recipients after two doses of vaccination, Ab titers diminish with time, and factors associated with persistence and a peak immunity should be considered separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Toya
- Hematology Division,Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Yuya Atsuta
- Hematology Division,Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Takahiro Sanada
- Department of Microbiology and Cell BiologyTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Tomoko Honda
- Department of Microbiology and Cell BiologyTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Daichi Sadato
- Clinical Research Support Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Noritaka Sekiya
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalTokyoJapan,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroko Kogure
- Clinical Research Support Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Sonomi Takakuwa
- Clinical Research Support Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Daishi Onai
- Hematology Division,Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Naoki Shingai
- Hematology Division,Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroaki Shimizu
- Hematology Division,Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Yuho Najima
- Hematology Division,Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Hematology Division,Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuteru Ohashi
- Hematology Division,Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Yuka Harada
- Clinical Research Support Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell BiologyTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Noriko Doki
- Hematology Division,Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalTokyoJapan
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COVID-19 Vaccines against Omicron Variant: Real-World Data on Effectiveness. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102086. [PMID: 36298641 PMCID: PMC9611744 DOI: 10.3390/v14102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now been well established in phase III clinical trials. However, clinical studies based on real-world data remain critical to assess vaccines effectiveness (VE), especially in specific populations and against variants of concern (VOC). This review presents the principles and methods of VE studies and the main available results on VE of COVID-19 vaccines at the time of Omicron circulation. References for this narrative review were identified through searches of PubMed database up to 13 September 2022. The results of phase III clinical trials have been globally confirmed by VE in real-life studies, including in the elderly. Emergence of VOC Omicron emphasized the importance of booster doses to maintain a high level of protection against severe forms. There are still numerous challenges regarding booster(s) and duration of immunity, particularly in specific subpopulations, and regarding the need for adapted vaccines.
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7
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El-Menyar A, Khan NA, Mekkodathil A, Rizoli S, Consunji R, Elmenyar E, Galwankar S, Al-Thani H. A quick scoping review of the first year of vaccination against the COVID-19 pandemic: Do we need more shots or time? Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30609. [PMID: 36123868 PMCID: PMC9477714 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants, along with the waning of vaccine-induced immunity, has increased breakthrough infections and urged booster jabs and debates. In the short term, the administration of booster doses has been reported to be safe and enhance severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific neutralizing antibody levels. However, the effects of these doses on the pandemic trajectory and herd immunity are unclear. There is insufficient evidence that a third booster shot of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine maintains longer immunity and covers new viral variants. The lack of sufficient evidence, combined with the fact that millions of people have not yet received 1 or 2 jabs of the COVID-19 vaccine, has raised concerns regarding the call for booster vaccinations. METHODS We conducted a quick scoping review to explore the literature on the need for a booster COVID-19 vaccination from January 1, 2021, to April 30, 2022. RESULTS Sixty-one relevant publications were identified, of which 17 were related to waning immunity after 2 doses of the vaccine among the general population or healthcare workers, 19 were related to the third or booster dose of vaccination after the second dose among the general population or healthcare workers, and 25 were related to booster dose among immunocompromised patient. CONCLUSIONS Initially, the need for a booster dose was equivocal; however, several studies demonstrated the benefit of the booster dose over time. Adequate scientific information is required regarding the administration of booster doses to the general population as well as the high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman El-Menyar
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery Clinical Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
- Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Naushad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery Clinical Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | - Ahammed Mekkodathil
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery Clinical Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | - Sandro Rizoli
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | - Rafael Consunji
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | | | - Sagar Galwankar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sarasota Memorial Hospital, Sarasota, FL
| | - Hassan Al-Thani
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
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8
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Lee HK, Knabl L, Walter M, Knabl L, Dai Y, Füßl M, Caf Y, Jeller C, Knabl P, Obermoser M, Baurecht C, Kaiser N, Zabernigg A, Wurdinger GM, Furth PA, Hennighausen L. Prior Vaccination Exceeds Prior Infection in Eliciting Innate and Humoral Immune Responses in Omicron Infected Outpatients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:916686. [PMID: 35784346 PMCID: PMC9240221 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.916686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody response following Omicron infection is reported to be less robust than that to other variants. Here we investigated how prior vaccination and/or prior infection modulates that response. Disease severity, antibody responses and immune transcriptomes were characterized in four groups of Omicron-infected outpatients (n=83): unvaccinated/no prior infection, vaccinated/no prior infection, unvaccinated/prior infection and vaccinated/prior infection. The percentage of patients with asymptomatic or mild disease was highest in the vaccinated/no prior infection group (87%) and lowest in the unvaccinated/no prior infection group (47%). Significant anti-Omicron spike antibody levels and neutralizing activity were detected in the vaccinated group immediately after infection but were not present in the unvaccinated/no prior infection group. Within two weeks, antibody levels against Omicron, increased. Omicron neutralizing activity in the vaccinated group exceeded that of the prior infection group. No increase in neutralizing activity in the unvaccinated/no prior infection group was seen. The unvaccinated/prior infection group showed an intermediate response. We then investigated the early transcriptomic response following Omicron infection in these outpatient populations and compared it to that found in unvaccinated hospitalized patients with Alpha infection. Omicron infected patients showed a gradient of transcriptional response dependent upon whether or not they were previously vaccinated or infected. Vaccinated patients showed a significantly blunted interferon response as compared to both unvaccinated Omicron infected outpatients and unvaccinated Alpha infected hospitalized patients typified by the response of specific gene classes such as OAS and IFIT that control anti-viral responses and IFI27, a predictor of disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyung Lee
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Mary Walter
- Clinical Core, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ludwig Knabl
- Division of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus St. Vinzenz, Zams, Austria
| | - Yuhai Dai
- Clinical Core, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Yasemin Caf
- TyrolPath Obrist Brunhuber GmbH, Zams, Austria
| | | | | | - Martina Obermoser
- Division of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus St. Johann, St. Johann, Austria
| | - Christof Baurecht
- Division of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus St. Johann, St. Johann, Austria
| | - Norbert Kaiser
- Division of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus St. Johann, St. Johann, Austria
| | - August Zabernigg
- Division of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus Kufstein, Kufstein, Austria
| | | | - Priscilla A. Furth
- Departments of Oncology and Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Lothar Hennighausen
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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