Assessment of amorphization behavior of a drug during co-grinding with an amino acid by discrete element method simulation

Amino acids and its pharmaceutical applications: A mini review

Amino acids are natural compounds that can be safely used in pharmaceutical applications. Considering the great interest in the amino acids used in the pharmaceutical industry, this article presents an overview of investigations reported in recent years. In this regard, the first sections begin with an introductory description of the properties, classification and safety of amino acids, while in the other sections the most common methods for the preparation of amino acids formulations and their application on solubilization, permeation and stabilization of several active pharmaceutical ingredients are described. Furthermore, available data about the multicomponent systems approach is included. Lastly, the impact of amino acids formulations on therapeutic efficacy is explored. The advantages illustrated suggest that amino acids are capable of improving the biopharmaceutical properties of drugs.

Co-precipitation with CaCO3 to remove heavy metals and significantly reduce the moisture content of filter residue

The co-precipitation of Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Ni²⁺ were investigated by a mechanochemical processing with CaCO₃. The results showed that the synergies of the metal ions led to efficient co-precipitation. The precipitation of Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are over 99% and that of Zn²⁺ and Ni²⁺ about 98.4% and 93.8%. A significant advantage of the process is that the moisture content of filter residue is much lower (less than 50%) than that using the lime neutralization (more than 80%), offering a potential solution to the sludge problem in wastewater treatment. A further advantage is the neutral pH (about 7.5) obtained by using CaCO₃ rather than the highly alkaline pH (about 11) obtained using lime (Ca(OH)₂) neutralization method.