1
|
Focosi D, Franchini M, Senefeld JW, Joyner MJ, Sullivan DJ, Pekosz A, Maggi F, Casadevall A. Passive immunotherapies for the next influenza pandemic. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2533. [PMID: 38635404 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Influenzavirus is among the most relevant candidates for a next pandemic. We review here the phylogeny of former influenza pandemics, and discuss candidate lineages. After briefly reviewing the other existing antiviral options, we discuss in detail the evidences supporting the efficacy of passive immunotherapies against influenzavirus, with a focus on convalescent plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Focosi
- North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Franchini
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Mantua Hospital, Mantua, Italy
| | - Jonathon W Senefeld
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael J Joyner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David J Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Preservation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies in convalescent plasma after pathogen reduction with methylene blue and visible light. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2022; 20:206-212. [PMID: 34369870 PMCID: PMC9068354 DOI: 10.2450/2021.0136-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) is an experimental treatment against SARS-CoV-2. Although there has so far been no evidence of transmission through transfusion, pathogen reduction technologies (PRT) have been applied to CCP to mitigate risk of infectious disease. This study aims to assess the impact of methylene blue (MB) plus visible light PRT on the virus-neutralising activity of the specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-five plasma doses collected by plasmapheresis from COVID-19 convalescent donors were subjected to MB plus visible light PRT. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD S1 epitope IgGs antibodies were quantified by ELISA. Titres of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies (NtAbs) were measured before and after the PRT process. A Spearman's correlation was run to determine the relationship between antibody neutralisation ability and SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA ratio. Pre- and post-inactivation neutralising antibody titres were evaluated using a Wilcoxon test. RESULTS The plasma pathogen reduction procedure did not diminish NtAbS titres and so did not cause a change in the viral neutralisation capacity of CCP. There was a strong correlation between pre-and post-PRT NtAbs and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgGs titres. DISCUSSION Our results showed PRT with MB did not impair the CCP passive immunity preserving its potential therapeutic potency. Therefore, PRT of CCP should be recommended to mitigate the risk for transmission of transfusion-associated infectious disease. There is a good correlation between SARS-CoV-2 IgG titres determined by ELISA and the neutralising capacity. This allows blood centres to select CCP donors based on IgG ELISA titres avoiding the much more labour-intensive laboratory processes for determining neutralising antibodies.
Collapse
|
3
|
Gilchuk IM, Bangaru S, Kose N, Bombardi RG, Trivette A, Li S, Turner HL, Carnahan RH, Ward AB, Crowe JE. Human antibody recognition of H7N9 influenza virus HA following natural infection. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e152403. [PMID: 34437301 PMCID: PMC8525637 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian H7N9 influenza viruses cause sporadic outbreaks of human infections and threaten to cause a major pandemic. The breadth of B cell responses to natural infection and the dominant antigenic sites recognized during first exposure to H7 HA following infection are incompletely understood. Here, we studied the B cell response to H7 HA of 2 individuals who had recovered from natural H7N9 virus infection. We used competition binding, hydrogen-deuterium mass spectrometry, and single-particle negative stain electron microscopy to identify the patterns of molecular recognition of the antibody responses to H7 HA. We found that circulating H7-reactive B cells recognized a diverse antigenic landscape on the HA molecule, including HA head domain epitopes in antigenic sites A and B and in the trimer interface-II region and epitopes in the stem region. Most H7 antibodies exhibited little heterosubtypic breadth, but many recognized a wide diversity of unrelated H7 strains. We tested the antibodies for functional activity and identified clones with diverse patterns of inhibition, including neutralizing, hemagglutination- or egress-inhibiting, or HA trimer–disrupting activities. Thus, the human B cell response to primary H7 natural infection is diverse, highly functional, and broad for recognition of diverse H7 strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandhya Bangaru
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sheng Li
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hannah L Turner
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert H Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center and.,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center and.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhuang S, Tang L, Dai Y, Feng X, Fang Y, Tang H, Jiang P, Wu X, Fang H, Chen H. Bioinformatic prediction of immunodominant regions in spike protein for early diagnosis of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). PeerJ 2021; 9:e11232. [PMID: 33889450 PMCID: PMC8038641 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To contain the pandemics caused by SARS-CoV-2, early detection approaches with high accuracy and accessibility are critical. Generating an antigen-capture based detection system would be an ideal strategy complementing the current methods based on nucleic acids and antibody detection. The spike protein is found on the outside of virus particles and appropriate for antigen detection. Methods In this study, we utilized bioinformatics approaches to explore the immunodominant fragments on spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Results The S1 subunit of spike protein was identified with higher sequence specificity. Three immunodominant fragments, Spike56-94, Spike199-264, and Spike577-612, located at the S1 subunit were finally selected via bioinformatics analysis. The glycosylation sites and high-frequency mutation sites on spike protein were circumvented in the antigen design. All the identified fragments present qualified antigenicity, hydrophilicity, and surface accessibility. A recombinant antigen with a length of 194 amino acids (aa) consisting of the selected immunodominant fragments as well as a universal Th epitope was finally constructed. Conclusion The recombinant peptide encoded by the construct contains multiple immunodominant epitopes, which is expected to stimulate a strong immune response in mice and generate qualified antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhuang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingli Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yufeng Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojing Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiyuan Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haoneng Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hezhi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongzhi Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song G, Cheng MQ, Wei XW. Analysis of the WHO ICTRP for novel coronavirus clinical trial registrations. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22840. [PMID: 33120812 PMCID: PMC7581159 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Up-to-date information on the current progress made in the research and development to control the global COVID-19 pandemic is important. The study aimed to analyze the clinical trial characteristics and vaccine development progress of the new Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) registered with the World Health Organization International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP).A comprehensive search of COVID-19 clinical trials since the establishment of the ICTRP to June 11, 2020, was conducted to record and analyze relevant characteristics. Chi-Squared test was used to compare the statistical differences between different research types, interventions, and sources.A total of 3282 COVID-19 clinical trials in 17 clinical trial registration centers were registered with the WHO ICTRP. The main research sources for the present study were ClinicalTrials.gov and ChiCTR. There were significant differences in the parameters of study location (P = .000), number of participants (P = .000), study duration (P = .001), research stage (P = .000), randomization procedure (P = .000), and blinding method (P = .000) between the 2 registration sources. There were significant differences in all the parameters between different kinds of intervention methods. Hydroxychloroquine, plasma therapy, and Xiyanping injection were the high-frequency research drugs used. Ten different vaccine studies were registered under phases I-II.Amongst the studies researched, heterogeneity existed for various parameters. Differences in the type of study, interventions, and registration sources of the studies led to significant differences in certain parameters of the COVID-19 clinical trials. The statistics of high-frequency drugs and the progress of vaccine trials may provide an informative reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gao Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Pu’er People's Hospital
| | - Meng Qun Cheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Pu’er People's Hospital
| | - Xian Wen Wei
- Department of Neurology, Puer People's Hospital, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang B, Liu S, Tan T, Huang W, Dong Y, Chen L, Chen Q, Zhang L, Zhong Q, Zhang X, Zou Y, Zhang S. Treatment With Convalescent Plasma for Critically Ill Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection. Chest 2020; 158:e9-e13. [PMID: 32243945 PMCID: PMC7195335 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As of March 24, 2020, novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for 379,661 infection cases with 16,428 deaths globally, and the number is still increasing rapidly. Herein, we present four critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who received supportive care and convalescent plasma. Although all four patients (including a pregnant woman) recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection eventually, randomized trials are needed to eliminate the effect of other treatments and investigate the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage
- Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage
- Antiviral Agents/classification
- Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Testing
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods
- Coronavirus Infections/complications
- Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis
- Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology
- Coronavirus Infections/therapy
- Critical Illness/therapy
- Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/methods
- Female
- Humans
- Immunization, Passive/methods
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Pandemics
- Pneumonia, Viral/complications
- Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis
- Pneumonia, Viral/microbiology
- Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology
- Pneumonia, Viral/therapy
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/physiopathology
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/therapy
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology
- Radiography, Thoracic/methods
- Respiration, Artificial/methods
- SARS-CoV-2
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
- Treatment Outcome
- COVID-19 Serotherapy
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Shuyi Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Tan Tan
- The Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan
| | - Wenhui Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Yuhao Dong
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Luyan Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Qiuying Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Lu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | | | - Xiaoping Zhang
- The Second People's Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, Guangdong
| | - Yujian Zou
- Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuixing Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kaslow DC. Certainty of success: three critical parameters in coronavirus vaccine development. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:42. [PMID: 32509338 PMCID: PMC7248068 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-0193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines for 17 viral pathogens have been licensed for use in humans. Previously, two critical biological parameters of the pathogen and the host–pathogen interaction—incubation period and broadly protective, relative immunogenicity—were proposed to account for much of the past successes in vaccine development, and to be useful in estimating the “certainty of success” of developing an effective vaccine for viral pathogens for which a vaccine currently does not exist. In considering the “certainty of success” in development of human coronavirus vaccines, particularly SARS-CoV-2, a third, related critical parameter is proposed—infectious inoculum intensity, at an individual-level, and force of infection, at a population-level. Reducing the infectious inoculum intensity (and force of infection, at a population-level) is predicted to lengthen the incubation period, which in turn is predicted to reduce the severity of illness, and increase the opportunity for an anamnestic response upon exposure to the circulating virus. Similarly, successfully implementing individual- and population-based behaviors that reduce the infectious inoculum intensity and force of infection, respectively, while testing and deploying COVID-19 vaccines is predicted to increase the “certainty of success” of demonstrating vaccine efficacy and controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, disease, death, and the pandemic itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Kaslow
- PATH, 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang L, Pang R, Xue X, Bao J, Ye S, Dai Y, Zheng Y, Fu Q, Hu Z, Yi Y. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody levels in convalescent plasma of six donors who have recovered from COVID-19. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:6536-6542. [PMID: 32320384 PMCID: PMC7202482 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody levels in convalescent plasma (CP), which may be useful in severe Anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus infections, have been rarely reported. Results: A total of eight donors were considered for enrollment; two of them were excluded because of ineligible routine check. Of the six remaining participants, five samples were tested weakly positive by the IgM ELISA. Meanwhile, high titers of IgG were observed in five samples. The patient treated with CP did not require mechanical ventilation 11 days after plasma transfusion, and was then transferred to a general ward. Conclusions: Our serological findings in convalescent plasma from recovered patients may help facilitate understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and establish CP donor screening protocol in COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies including IgM and IgG were measured by two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in convalescent plasma from six donors who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Nanjing, China. CP was also utilized for the treatment of one severe COVID-19 patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libo Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongrong Pang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Jingjing Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- Department of Apheresis, Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yudong Dai
- Department of Blood Management, Administrative Office, Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yishan Zheng
- Department of Critical Medicine, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Blood Management, Administrative Office, Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiliang Hu
- Nanjing Infectious Disease Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu, China.,School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongxiang Yi
- Nanjing Infectious Disease Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Q, Jiang H, Xie Y, Zhang T, Liu S, Wu S, Sun Q, Song S, Wang W, Deng X, Ren L, Qin T, Horby P, Uyeki T, Yu H. Long-term clinical prognosis of human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) viruses in China after hospitalization. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 20:100282. [PMID: 32300739 PMCID: PMC7152818 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mainland China has experienced five epidemics of human cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infection since 2013. We conducted a prospective study to assess long-term clinical, pulmonary function testing, and chest computed tomography (CT) imaging findings after patients were discharged from hospital. METHODS A(H7N9) survivors in five provinces and one municipality underwent follow-up visits from August 2013 to September 2018, at three, six, and 12 months after illness onset, and a subset was also assessed at 18 and 64 months after onset. Thirteen patients were enrolled from the first A(H7N9) epidemic in 2013, 36 from the 2013-2014 second epidemic, and 12 from the 2016-2017 fifth epidemic. At each visit, A(H7N9) survivors received a medical examination, including the mMRC (modified Medical Research Council) dyspnea scale assessment, chest auscultation, pulmonary function testing and chest CT scans. FINDINGS The median age of 61 A(H7N9) survivors was 50 years. The cumulative rate of pulmonary dysfunction was 38·5% and 78·2% for chest CT scan abnormalities at the end of follow-up. Restrictive ventilation dysfunction was common during follow-up. Mild dyspnea was documented at three to 12-month follow-up visits. INTERPRETATION Patients who survived severe illness from A(H7N9) virus infection had evidence of persistent lung damage and long-term pulmonary dysfunction. FUNDING National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (grant number 81525023); Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader (grant number 18XD1400300); National Science and Technology Major Project of China (grant numbers 2017ZX10103009-005, 2018ZX10201001-010).
Collapse
Key Words
- CT scan
- CT, computed tomography
- DLCO, diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide
- FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second
- FVC, forced vital capacity
- Follow-up
- GGO, ground-glass opacity
- H7N9 subtype
- ICU, intensive care unit
- IQR, interquartile range
- Prognosis
- RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
- Respiratory function tests
- SD, standard deviation
- SPSS, Statistical Package for Social Sciences
- WHO, World Health Organization
- mMRC, modified Medical Research Council
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Xie
- Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, China
| | - Tianchen Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, China
| | - Shelan Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenggen Wu
- Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qianlai Sun
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Shaoxia Song
- Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Deng
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingshuang Ren
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Qin
- Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peter Horby
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hongjie Yu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author: Hongjie Yu, MD, PhD, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, No. 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|