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Bibha K, Akhigbe TM, Hamed MA, Akhigbe RE. Metabolic Derangement by Arsenic: a Review of the Mechanisms. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1972-1982. [PMID: 37670201 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies have implicated arsenic exposure in various pathological conditions, including metabolic disorders, which have become a global phenomenon, affecting developed, developing, and under-developed nations. Despite the huge risks associated with arsenic exposure, humans remain constantly exposed to it, especially through the consumption of contaminated water and food. This present study provides an in-depth insight into the mechanistic pathways involved in the metabolic derangement by arsenic. Compelling pieces of evidence demonstrate that arsenic induces metabolic disorders via multiple pathways. Apart from the initiation of oxidative stress and inflammation, arsenic prevents the phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 and Thr308, leading to the inhibition of PDK-1/Akt insulin signaling, thereby reducing GLUT4 translocation through the activation of Nrf2. Also, arsenic downregulates mitochondrial deacetylase Sirt3, decreasing the ability of its associated transcription factor, FOXO3a, to bind to the agents that support the genes for manganese superoxide dismutase and PPARg co-activator (PGC)-1a. In addition, arsenic activates MAPKs, modulates p53/ Bcl-2 signaling, suppresses Mdm-2 and PARP, activates NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-mediated apoptosis, and induces ER stress, and ox-mtDNA-dependent mitophagy and autophagy. More so, arsenic alters lipid metabolism by decreasing the presence of 3-hydroxy-e-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 and carnitine O-octanoyl transferase (Crot) and increasing the presence of fatty acid-binding protein-3 mRNA. Furthermore, arsenic promotes atherosclerosis by inducing endothelial damage. This cascade of pathophysiological events promotes metabolic derangement. Although the pieces of evidence provided by this study are convincing, future studies evaluating the involvement of other likely mechanisms are important. Also, epidemiological studies might be necessary for the translation of most of the findings in animal models to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bibha
- Department of Zoology, Magadh Mahila College, Patna University, Patna, India
| | - T M Akhigbe
- Breeding and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Agronomy, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - M A Hamed
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- The Brainwill Laboratory, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - R E Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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Ji S, Qu Y, Sun Q, Zhao F, Qiu Y, Li Z, Li Y, Song H, Zhang M, Zhang W, Fu H, Cai J, Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Cao Z, Lv Y, Shi X. Mediating Role of Liver Dysfunction in the Association between Arsenic Exposure and Diabetes in Chinese Adults: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study of China National Human Biomonitoring (CNHBM) 2017-2018. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:2693-2703. [PMID: 38285630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Inconsistent results have been reported regarding the association between low-to-moderate arsenic (As) exposure and diabetes. The effect of liver dysfunction on As-induced diabetes remains unclear. The cross-sectional study included 10,574 adults from 2017-2018 China National Human Biomonitoring. Urinary total As (TAs) levels were analyzed as markers of As exposure. Generalized linear mixed models and restricted cubic splines models were used to examine the relationships among TAs levels, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentrations, and diabetes prevalence. Mediating analysis was performed to assess whether liver dysfunction mediated the association between TAs and diabetes. Overall, the OR (95% CI) of diabetes in participants in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of TAs were 1.08 (0.88, 1.33), 1.17 (0.94, 1.45), and 1.52 (1.22, 1.90), respectively, in the fully adjusted models compared with those in the lowest quartile. Serum ALT was positively associated with TAs and diabetes. Additionally, mediation analyses showed that ALT mediated 4.32% of the association between TAs and diabetes in the overall population and 8.86% in the population without alcohol consumption in the past year. This study suggested that alleviating the hepatotoxicity of As could have implications for both diabetes and liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Ji
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yingli Qu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qi Sun
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yidan Qiu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zheng Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yawei Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Haocan Song
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hui Fu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jiayi Cai
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhuona Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhaojin Cao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuebin Lv
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
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Sides TR, Nelson JC, Nwachukwu KN, Boston J, Marshall SA. The Influence of Arsenic Co-Exposure in a Model of Alcohol-Induced Neurodegeneration in C57BL/6J Mice. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1633. [PMID: 38137081 PMCID: PMC10741530 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Both excessive alcohol consumption and exposure to high levels of arsenic can lead to neurodegeneration, especially in the hippocampus. Co-exposure to arsenic and alcohol can occur because an individual with an Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is exposed to arsenic in their drinking water or food or because of arsenic found directly in alcoholic beverages. This study aims to determine if co-exposure to alcohol and arsenic leads to worse outcomes in neurodegeneration and associated mechanisms that could lead to cell death. To study this, mice were exposed to a 10-day gavage model of alcohol-induced neurodegeneration with varying doses of arsenic (0, 0.005, 2.5, or 10 mg/kg). The following were examined after the last dose of ethanol: (1) microglia activation assessed via immunohistochemical detection of Iba-1, (2) reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) using a colorimetric assay, (3) neurodegeneration using Fluoro-Jade® C staining (FJC), and 4) arsenic absorption using ICP-MS. After exposure, there was an additive effect of the highest dose of arsenic (10 mg/kg) in the dentate gyrus of alcohol-induced FJC+ cells. This additional cell loss may have been due to the observed increase in microglial reactivity or increased arsenic absorption following co-exposure to ethanol and arsenic. The data also showed that arsenic caused an increase in CYP2E1 expression and ROS/RNS production in the hippocampus which could have independently contributed to increased neurodegeneration. Altogether, these findings suggest a potential cyclical impact of co-exposure to arsenic and ethanol as ethanol increases arsenic absorption but arsenic also enhances alcohol's deleterious effects in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tori R. Sides
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (T.R.S.); (J.C.N.); (K.N.N.); (J.B.)
| | - James C. Nelson
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (T.R.S.); (J.C.N.); (K.N.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Kala N. Nwachukwu
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (T.R.S.); (J.C.N.); (K.N.N.); (J.B.)
- Integrated Biosciences PhD Program, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Jhana Boston
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (T.R.S.); (J.C.N.); (K.N.N.); (J.B.)
| | - S. Alex Marshall
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (T.R.S.); (J.C.N.); (K.N.N.); (J.B.)
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Torović L, Lukić D, Majkić T, Beara I. Elemental Profile and Health Risk of Fruška Gora Wines. Foods 2023; 12:2848. [PMID: 37569117 PMCID: PMC10417728 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The elemental composition of wine is influenced by endogenous sources and interventions from winemakers. The ICP-MS analysis of Fruška Gora wines (113) from vintages spanning across a decade (2011-2020), produced by 30 wineries and representing 18 autochthonous and international wine varieties, allowed a comprehensive insight into their elemental composition. Based on the mean concentrations of 23 investigated elements, B, Fe, and Mn, which were determined in mg per L of wine regardless of its colour or origin, were the most abundant. Red and white wines showed significant concentration differences in the case of B, Mn, and Sr (higher in red) as well as Be, Al, V, As, Mo, and Pb (higher in white). The elements of the highest toxicological concern were found in all (Pb and As) or almost all of the samples (Cd and Hg). Pb levels (maximum 47.1, 61.6, and 73.2 μg/L in red, rose, and white, respectively) were well below the legal limit. The applied risk assessment approaches (hazard quotient and index, margin of exposure) revealed no health concerns associated with consumption of Fruška Gora wines, except for a slightly increased lifetime cancer risk in the case of high wine consumption, and thus supported the promotion of Fruška Gora wines in the highly competitive international market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljilja Torović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Investigations and Quality Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Futoška 121, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Danijela Lukić
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Futoška 121, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Tatjana Majkić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.M.); (I.B.)
| | - Ivana Beara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.M.); (I.B.)
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5
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Torović L, Čonić BS, Kladar N, Lukić D, Bijelović S. Elemental profile of recorded and unrecorded fruit spirits and health risk assessment. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wei Z, Sun X, He Q, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Han X, Wu Z, Chu X, Guan S. Nephroprotective effect of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate against arsenic trioxide‑induced acute kidney damage in mice. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:276. [PMID: 35317438 PMCID: PMC8908469 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG) has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiviral and anti-hepatotoxic effects. However, protective effects of MgIG against renal damage caused by arsenic trioxide (ATO) have not been reported. The present study aimed to clarify the protective function of MgIG on kidney damaged induced by ATO. Other than the control group and the group treated with MgIG alone, mice were injected intraperitoneally with ATO (5 mg/kg/day) for 7 days to establish a mouse model of kidney damage. On the 8th day, blood and kidney tissue were collected and the inflammatory factors and antioxidants levels in the kidney tissue and serum were measured. The expression of protein levels of caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were determined via western blot analysis. In the renal tissue of mice, ATO exposure dramatically elevated markers of oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. However, MgIG could also restore the activities of urea nitrogen and creatinine to normal levels, decrease the malondialdehyde level and reactive oxygen species formation and increase superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione activities. MgIG also ameliorated the morphological abnormalities generated by ATO, reduced inflammation and apoptosis and inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, MgIG may mitigate ATO-induced kidney damage by decreasing apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation and its mechanism may be connected to the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziheng Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian He
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Academic Research, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Yongchao Wu
- Department of Radiological Intervention, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Zhonglin Wu
- Department of Radiological Intervention, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Shengjiang Guan
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
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Abstract
Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) are elements arousing major public health concerns associated with environmental pollution, high toxicity potential, and carcinogenic nature. However, selenium (Se) at low doses and incorporated into enzymes and proteins has antioxidant properties and protects animals and humans from the risk of various diseases. It also has an exceptionally narrow range between necessary and toxic concentrations, which is a well-known hindrance in its use as a dietary supplement. The present article aims to update and expand the role of Se in As and Cd toxicity discussed in our earlier paper. In general, recent reports show that Se, regardless of its form (as selenite, selenomethionine, nanoSe, or Se from lentils), can reduce As- or Cd-mediated toxicity in the liver, kidney, spleen, brain, or heart in animal models and in cell culture studies. As was suggested in our earlier review, Se antagonizes the toxicity of As and Cd mainly through sequestration of these elements into biologically inert complexes and/or through the action of Se-dependent antioxidant enzymes. An increase in the As methylation efficiency is proposed as a possible mechanism by which Se can reduce As toxicity. However, new studies indicate that Se may also diminish As or Cd toxicity by activation of the Nrf2 pathway. In addition, this paper discusses possible signs of Se toxic effects, which may be a challenge for its future use in the therapy of As and Cd poisoning and provide future directions to address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Zwolak
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1 J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland.
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Dani SU, Walter GF. Chronic arsenic intoxication diagnostic score (CAsIDS). J Appl Toxicol 2017; 38:122-144. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ulhoa Dani
- Medawar Institute for Medical and Environmental Research; Acangau Foundation; Paracatu MG Brazil
- Department of General Internal Medicine; St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital; Switzerland
- PizolCare Praxis Wartau; Trübbach Switzerland
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Zhou Y, Wang Y, Su J, Wu Z, Wang C, Zhong W, Liu X, Cui L, Zhou X, Ma Y, Xin Y, Zhang J, Wu L, Hu X, Chen X, Peng C, Gao M. Integration of microRNAome, proteomics and metabolomics to analyze arsenic-induced malignant cell transformation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90879-96. [PMID: 29207610 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to arsenic has been linked to tumorigenesis in different organs and tissues, such as skin; however, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. In this present study, we integrated “omics” including microRNAome, proteomics and metabolomics to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms. Compared with non-malignant human keratinocytes (HaCaT), twenty-six miRNAs were significantly altered in arsenic-induced transformed cells. Among these miRNAs, the differential expression of six miRNAs was confirmed using Q-RT-PCR, representing potential oxidative stress genes. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and mass spectrometry (MS) were performed to identify the differential expression of proteins in arsenic-induced transformed cells, and twelve proteins were significantly changed. Several proteins were associated with oxidative stress and carcinogenesis including heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1), peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2). Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and Q-TOF mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS), 68 metabolites including glutathione, fumaric acid, citric acid, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, related to redox metabolism, glutathione metabolism, citrate cycle, met cycle, phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism were identified and quantified. Taken together, these results indicated that arsenic-induced transformed cells exhibit alterations in miRNA, protein and metabolite profiles providing novel insights into arsenic-induced cell malignant transformation and identifying early potential biomarkers for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma induced by arsenic.
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Zafar M, Van Vinh N, Behera SK, Park HS. Ethanol mediated As(III) adsorption onto Zn-loaded pinecone biochar: Experimental investigation, modeling, and optimization using hybrid artificial neural network-genetic algorithm approach. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 54:114-125. [PMID: 28391919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic matters (OMs) and their oxidization products often influence the fate and transport of heavy metals in the subsurface aqueous systems through interaction with the mineral surfaces. This study investigates the ethanol (EtOH)-mediated As(III) adsorption onto Zn-loaded pinecone (PC) biochar through batch experiments conducted under Box-Behnken design. The effect of EtOH on As(III) adsorption mechanism was quantitatively elucidated by fitting the experimental data using artificial neural network and quadratic modeling approaches. The quadratic model could describe the limiting nature of EtOH and pH on As(III) adsorption, whereas neural network revealed the stronger influence of EtOH (64.5%) followed by pH (20.75%) and As(III) concentration (14.75%) on the adsorption phenomena. Besides, the interaction among process variables indicated that EtOH enhances As(III) adsorption over a pH range of 2 to 7, possibly due to facilitation of ligand-metal(Zn) binding complexation mechanism. Eventually, hybrid response surface model-genetic algorithm (RSM-GA) approach predicted a better optimal solution than RSM, i.e., the adsorptive removal of As(III) (10.47μg/g) is facilitated at 30.22mg C/L of EtOH with initial As(III) concentration of 196.77μg/L at pH5.8. The implication of this investigation might help in understanding the application of biochar for removal of various As(III) species in the presence of OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Zafar
- Center for Clean Technology and Resource Recycling, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680749, South Korea; Department of Applied Biotechnology, Sur College of Applied Sciences, Sur 411, Al Shariya, Sultanate of Oman
| | - N Van Vinh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680749, South Korea
| | - Shishir Kumar Behera
- Center for Clean Technology and Resource Recycling, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680749, South Korea; Chemical Engineering Department, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam 532127, Srikakulam Dist., India
| | - Hung-Suck Park
- Center for Clean Technology and Resource Recycling, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680749, South Korea; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680749, South Korea.
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Wang L, Hitron JA, Wise JTF, Son YO, Roy RV, Kim D, Dai J, Pratheeshkumar P, Zhang Z, Xu M, Luo J, Shi X. Ethanol enhances arsenic-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression via both NFAT and NF-κB signalings in colorectal cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26220687 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a known carcinogen to humans, and chronic exposure to environmental arsenic is a worldwide health concern. As a dietary factor, ethanol carries a well-established risk for malignancies, but the effects of co-exposure to arsenic and ethanol on tumor development are not well understood. In the present study, we hypothesized that ethanol would enhance the function of an environmental carcinogen such as arsenic through increase in COX-2 expression. Our in vitro results show that ethanol enhanced arsenic-induced COX-2 expression. We also show that the increased COX-2 expression associates with intracellular ROS generation, up-regulated AKT signaling, with activation of both NFAT and NF-κB pathways. We demonstrate that antioxidant enzymes have an inhibitory effect on arsenic/ethanol-induced COX-2 expression, indicating that the responsive signaling pathways from co-exposure to arsenic and ethanol relate to ROS generation. In vivo results also show that co-exposure to arsenic and ethanol increased COX-2 expression in mice. We conclude that ethanol enhances arsenic-induced COX-2 expression in colorectal cancer cells via both the NFAT and NF-κB pathways. These results imply that, as a common dietary factor, ethanol ingestion may be a compounding risk factor for arsenic-induced carcinogenesis/cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - John Andrew Hitron
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - James T F Wise
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Donghern Kim
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jin Dai
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Mei Xu
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jia Luo
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Ali I, Al-Othman ZA, Alwarthan A, Asim M, Khan TA. Removal of arsenic species from water by batch and column operations on bagasse fly ash. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2014; 21:3218-3229. [PMID: 24203255 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bagasse fly ash (BFA, a sugar industrial waste) was used as low-cost adsorbent for the uptake of arsenate and arsenite species from water. The optimum conditions for the removal of both species of arsenic were as follows: pH 7.0, concentration 50.0 μg/L, contact time 50.0 min, adsorbent dose 3.0 g/L, and temperature 20.0 °C, with 95.0 and 89.5 % removal of arsenate and arsenite, respectively. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherms were used to analyze the results. The results of these models indicated single-layer uniform adsorption on heterogeneous surface. Thermodynamic parameters, i.e., ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°, were also calculated. At 20.0 to 30.0 °C, the values of ΔG° lie in the range of -4,722.75 to -4,878.82 and -4,308.80 to -4,451.73 while the values of ΔH° and ΔS° were -149.90 and -121.07, and 15.61 and 14.29 for arsenate and arsenite, respectively, indicating that adsorption is spontaneous and exothermic. Pseudo-first-order kinetics was followed. In column experiments, the adsorption decreased as the flow rate increased with the maximum removal of 98.9 and 95.6 % for arsenate and arsenite, respectively. The bed depth service time and Yoon and Nelson models were used to analyze the experimental data. The adsorption capacity (N o) of BFA on column was 3.65 and 2.98 mg/cm(3) for arsenate and arsenite, respectively. The developed system for the removal of arsenate and arsenite species is economic, rapid, and capable of working under natural conditions. It may be used for the removal of arsenic species from any contaminated water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India,
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Stea F, Bianchi F, Cori L, Sicari R. Cardiovascular effects of arsenic: clinical and epidemiological findings. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2014; 21:244-51. [PMID: 24019140 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Several population studies relate exposure to high levels of arsenic with an increased incidence of ischemic heart disease and cardiovascular mortality. An association has been shown between exposure to high levels of arsenic and cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and vascular damage such as subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. The mechanisms underlying these phenomena are currently being studied and appear to indicate an alteration of vascular function. However, the effects of low levels of exposure to arsenic and their potential detrimental cardiovascular effect are less explored. The article provides an overview of the pathophysiologic mechanisms linking low-level arsenic exposure to the occurrence of cardiovascular disease and its complications, and some potential preventive strategies to implement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Stea
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Udensi UK, Tackett AJ, Byrum S, Avaritt NL, Sengupta D, Moreland LW, Tchounwou PB, Isokpehi RD. Proteomics-Based Identification of Differentially Abundant Proteins from Human Keratinocytes Exposed to Arsenic Trioxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:166-178. [PMID: 25419056 PMCID: PMC4240501 DOI: 10.4172/jpb.1000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Arsenic is a widely distributed environmental toxicant that can cause multi-tissue pathologies. Proteomic assays allow for the identification of biological processes modulated by arsenic in diverse tissue types. Method The altered abundance of proteins from HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line exposed to arsenic was quantified using a label-free LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry workflow. Selected proteomics results were validated using western blot and RT-PCR. A functional annotation analytics strategy that included visual analytical integration of heterogeneous data sets was developed to elucidate functional categories. The annotations integrated were mainly tissue localization, biological process and gene family. Result The abundance of 173 proteins was altered in keratinocytes exposed to arsenic; in which 96 proteins had increased abundance while 77 proteins had decreased abundance. These proteins were also classified into 69 Gene Ontology biological process terms. The increased abundance of transferrin receptor protein (TFRC) was validated and also annotated to participate in response to hypoxia. A total of 33 proteins (11 increased abundance and 22 decreased abundance) were associated with 18 metabolic process terms. The Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), the only protein annotated with the term sulfur amino acid metabolism process, had increased abundance while succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial precursor (SDHB), a tumor suppressor, had decreased abundance. Conclusion A list of 173 differentially abundant proteins in response to arsenic trioxide was grouped using three major functional annotations covering tissue localization, biological process and protein families. A possible explanation for hyperpigmentation pathologies observed in arsenic toxicity is that arsenic exposure leads to increased iron uptake in the normally hypoxic human skin. The proteins mapped to metabolic process terms and differentially abundant are candidates for evaluating metabolic pathways perturbed by arsenicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udensi K Udensi
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson Mississippi 39217, USA
| | - Alan J Tackett
- Proteomics Facility, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Stephanie Byrum
- Proteomics Facility, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Nathan L Avaritt
- Proteomics Facility, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Deepanwita Sengupta
- Proteomics Facility, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Linley W Moreland
- Proteomics Facility, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson Mississippi 39217, USA
| | - Raphael D Isokpehi
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson Mississippi 39217, USA ; Department of Biology, School of Science, Engineering and Mathematics, Bethune-Cookman University, Daytona Beach FL 32114, USA
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Zhang J, Pan X, Li N, Li X, Wang Y, Liu X, Yin X, Yu Z. Grape seed extract attenuates arsenic-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Exp Ther Med 2013; 7:260-266. [PMID: 24348802 PMCID: PMC3861237 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a recognized factor in nephrotoxicity induced by chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (As). Grape seed extract (GSE) possesses antioxidant properties. The present study was designed to evaluate the beneficial effects of GSE against arsenic-induced renal injury. Healthy, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to As in drinking water (30 ppm) with or without GSE (100 mg/kg) for 12 months. The serum proinflammatory cytokine levels and mRNA expression levels of fibrogenic markers in the renal tissues were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The protein expression levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) subunits, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and phosphorylated Smad2/3 (pSmad2/3) were assessed using western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that cotreatment with GSE significantly improved renal function, as demonstrated by the reductions in relative kidney weight (% of body weight) and blood urea nitrogen, and the increase in the creatinine clearance capacity. GSE attenuated the As-induced changes in the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β and the mRNA levels of TGF-β1, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and fibronectin (FN) in renal tissue. Furthermore, administration of GSE markedly reduced As-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and Nox activity, as well as the protein expression levels of the NADPH subunits (Nox2, p47phox and Nox4). In addition, GSE cotreatment was correlated with a significant reduction in TGF-β/Smad signaling, as demonstrated by the decreased protein levels of TGF-β1 and pSmad2/3 in renal tissue. This study indicated that GSE may be a useful agent for the prevention of nephrotoxicity induced by chronic exposure to As. GSE may exert its effects through the suppression of Nox and inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangong Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China ; Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Xinjuan Pan
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China ; College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yongchao Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhuan Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xinjuan Yin
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Zengli Yu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
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Guan QL, Xing YH, Liu J, Wei WJ, Zhang R, Wang X, Bai FY. Application of multiple parallel perfused microbioreactors: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity testing of the novel rare earth complexes with indole acid as a ligand. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 128:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wang L, Son YO, Ding S, Wang X, Hitron JA, Budhraja A, Lee JC, Lin Q, Poyil P, Zhang Z, Luo J, Shi X. Ethanol enhances tumor angiogenesis in vitro induced by low-dose arsenic in colon cancer cells through hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha pathway. Toxicol Sci 2012; 130:269-80. [PMID: 22872060 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Health effects due to environmental exposure to arsenic are a major global health concern. Arsenic has been known to induce carcinogenesis and enhance tumor development via complex and unclear mechanism. Ethanol is also a well-established risk factor for many malignancies. However, little is known about the effects of coexposure to arsenic and ethanol in tumor development. In this study, we investigate the signaling and angiogenic effect of coexposure of arsenic and ethanol on different colon cancer cell lines. Results show that ethanol markedly enhanced arsenic-induced tumor angiogenesis in vitro. These responses are related to intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, NADPH oxidase activation, and upregulation of PI3K/Akt and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) signaling. We have also found that ethanol increases the arsenic-induced expression and secretion of angiogenic signaling molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factor, which further confirmed the above observation. Antioxidant enzymes inhibited arsenic/ethanol-induced tumor angiogenesis, demonstrating that the responsive signaling pathways of coexposure to arsenic and ethanol are related to ROS generation. We conclude that ethanol is able to enhance arsenic-induced tumor angiogenesis in colorectal cancer cells via the HIF-1α pathway. These results indicate that alcohol consumption should be taken into consideration in the investigation of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis in arsenic-exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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Gruber JF, Karagas MR, Gilbert-Diamond D, Bagley PJ, Zens MS, Sayarath V, Punshon T, Morris JS, Cottingham KL. Associations between toenail arsenic concentration and dietary factors in a New Hampshire population. Nutr J 2012; 11:45. [PMID: 22747713 PMCID: PMC3426470 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary factors such as folate, vitamin B12, protein, and methionine are important for the excretion of arsenic via one-carbon metabolism in undernourished populations exposed to high levels of arsenic via drinking water. However, the effects of dietary factors on toenail arsenic concentrations in well-nourished populations exposed to relatively low levels of water arsenic are unknown. METHODS As part of a population-based case-control study of skin and bladder cancer from the USA, we evaluated relationships between consumption of dietary factors and arsenic concentrations in toenail clippings. Consumption of each dietary factor was determined from a validated food frequency questionnaire. We used general linear models to examine the associations between toenail arsenic and each dietary factor, taking into account potentially confounding effects. RESULTS As expected, we found an inverse association between ln-transformed toenail arsenic and consumption of vitamin B12 (excluding supplements) and animal protein. Unexpectedly, there were also inverse associations with numerous dietary lipids (e.g., total fat, total animal fat, total vegetable fat, total monounsaturated fat, total polyunsaturated fat, and total saturated fat). Finally, increased toenail arsenic concentrations were associated with increased consumption of long chain n-3 fatty acids. CONCLUSION In a relatively well-nourished population exposed to relatively low levels of arsenic via water, consumption of certain dietary lipids may decrease toenail arsenic concentration, while long chain n-3 fatty acids may increase toenail arsenic concentration, possibly due to their association with arsenolipids in fish tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joann F Gruber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Pamela J Bagley
- Biomedical Libraries, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - M Scot Zens
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Vicki Sayarath
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Tracy Punshon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - J Steven Morris
- Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri and Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Ali I, Khan TA, Asim M. Removal of arsenate from groundwater by electrocoagulation method. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2012; 19:1668-1676. [PMID: 22161146 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Arsenic, a toxic metalloid in drinking water, has become a major threat for human beings and other organisms. In the present work, attempts have been made to remove arsenate from the synthetic as well as natural water of Ballia district, India by electrocoagulation method. Efforts have also been made to optimize the various parameters such as initial arsenate concentration, pH, applied voltage, processing time, and working temperature. METHOD Electrocoagulation is a fast, inexpensive, selective, accurate, reproducible, and eco-friendly method for arsenate removal from groundwater. The present paper describes an electrocoagulation method for arsenate removal from groundwater using iron and zinc as anode and cathode, respectively. RESULTS The maximum removal of arsenate was 98.8% at 2.0 mg L(-1), 7.0, 3.0 V, 10.0 min, and 30°C as arsenate concentration, pH, applied voltage, processing time, and working temperature, respectively. Relative standard deviation, coefficient of determination (r (2)), and confidence limits were varied from 1.50% to 1.59%, 0.9996% to 0.9998%, and 96.0% to 99.0%, respectively. The treated water was clear, colorless, and odorless without any secondary contamination. The developed and validated method was applied for arsenate removal of two samples of groundwater of Ballia district, U.P., India, having 0.563 to 0.805 mg L(-1), arsenate concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The reported method is capable for the removal of arsenate completely (100% removal) from groundwater of Ballia district. There was no change in the groundwater quality after the removal of arsenate. The treated water was safe for drinking, bathing, and recreation purposes. Therefore, this method may be the choice of arsenate removal from natural groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India.
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