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Elechalawar CK, Gulla SK, Roy RV, Means N, Zhang Y, Asifa S, Robertson DJ, Xu C, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of a gold nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery system against pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 589:216810. [PMID: 38494151 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by desmoplasia; crosstalk between pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) leads to the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins in the tumor environment resulting in poor vascularity. Targeting either PCCs or PSCs individually has produced mixed results, and there is currently no effective strategy to target both cell types simultaneously. Previously, we demonstrated, through in vitro cell culture experiments, that a specific gold nanoparticle-based nanoformulation containing the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab (C225) as a targeting agent and gemcitabine as a chemotherapeutic agent effectively targets both PCCs and PSCs simultaneously. Herein, we extend our studies to test the ability of these in vitro tested nano formulations to inhibit tumor growth in an orthotopic co-implantation model of pancreatic cancer in vivo. Orthotopic tumors were established by co-implantation of equal numbers of PCCs and PSCs in the mouse pancreas. Among the various formulations tested, 5 nm gold nanoparticles coated with gemcitabine, cetuximab and poly-ethylene glycol (PEG) of molecular weight 1000 Da, which we named ACGP441000, demonstrated optimal efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth. The current study reveals an opportunity to target PCCs and PSCs simultaneously, by exploiting their overexpression of EGFR as a target, in order to inhibit pancreatic cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Kumar Elechalawar
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar Gulla
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Nicolas Means
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Yushan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Sima Asifa
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - David J Robertson
- Department of Chemistry and University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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2
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Elechalawar CK, Rao G, Gulla SK, Patel MM, Frickenstein A, Means N, Roy RV, Tsiokas L, Asfa S, Panja P, Rao C, Wilhelm S, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Correction to "Gold Nanoparticles Inhibit Macropinocytosis by Decreasing KRAS Activation". ACS Nano 2024; 18:9242. [PMID: 38465974 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
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3
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Roy RV, Means N, Rao G, Asfa S, Madka V, Dey A, Zhang Y, Choudhury M, Fung KM, Dhanasekaran DN, Friedman JE, Crawford HC, Rao CV, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Pancreatic Ubap2 deletion regulates glucose tolerance, inflammation, and protection from cerulein-induced pancreatitis. Cancer Lett 2023; 578:216455. [PMID: 37865160 PMCID: PMC10897936 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-binding associated protein 2 (UBAP2) is reported to promote macropinocytosis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) growth, however, its role in normal pancreatic function remains unknown. We addressed this knowledge gap by generating UBAP2 knockout (U2KO) mice under a pancreas-specific Cre recombinase (Pdx1-Cre). Pancreatic architecture remained intact in U2KO animals, but they demonstrated slight glucose intolerance compared to controls. Upon cerulein challenge to induce pancreatitis, U2KO animals had reduced levels of several pancreatitis-relevant cytokines, amylase and lipase in the serum, reduced tissue damage, and lessened neutrophil infiltration into the pancreatic tissue. Mechanistically, cerulein-challenged U2KO animals revealed reduced NF-κB activation compared to controls. In vitro promoter binding studies confirmed the reduction of NF-κB binding to its target molecules supporting UBAP2 as a new regulator of inflammation in pancreatitis and may be exploited as a therapeutic target in future to inhibit pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Vinod Roy
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nicolas Means
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Geeta Rao
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sima Asfa
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Venkateshwar Madka
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anindya Dey
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yushan Zhang
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Monalisa Choudhury
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Danny N Dhanasekaran
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Pancreatic Cancer Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Chinthalapally V Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Elechalawar CK, Rao G, Gulla SK, Patel MM, Frickenstein A, Means N, Roy RV, Tsiokas L, Asfa S, Panja P, Rao C, Wilhelm S, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Gold Nanoparticles Inhibit Macropinocytosis by Decreasing KRAS Activation. ACS Nano 2023; 17:9326-9337. [PMID: 37129853 PMCID: PMC10718652 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The RAS-transformed cells utilize macropinocytosis to acquire amino acids to support their uncontrolled growth. However, targeting RAS to inhibit macropinocytosis remains a challenge. Here, we report that gold nanoparticles (GNP) inhibit macropinocytosis by decreasing KRAS activation. Using surface-modified and unmodified GNP, we showed that unmodified GNP specifically sequestered both wild-type and mutant KRAS and inhibited its activation, irrespective of growth factor stimulation, while surface-passivated GNP had no effect. Alteration of KRAS activation is reflected on downstream signaling cascades, macropinocytosis and tumor cell growth in vitro, and two independent preclinical human xenograft models of pancreatic cancer in vivo. The current study demonstrates NP-mediated inhibition of macropinocytosis and KRAS activation and provides translational opportunities to inhibit tumor growth in a number of cancers where activation of KRAS plays a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Kumar Elechalawar
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Geeta Rao
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Suresh Kumar Gulla
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Maulin Mukeshchandra Patel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Alex Frickenstein
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Nicolas Means
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Leonidas Tsiokas
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Sima Asfa
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Prasanta Panja
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Chinthalapally Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Stefan Wilhelm
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
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Xiong X, Rao G, Roy RV, Zhang Y, Means N, Dey A, Tsaliki M, Saha S, Bhattacharyya S, Dwivedi SKD, Rao CV, McCormick DJ, Dhanasekaran D, Ding K, Gillies E, Zhang M, Yang D, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Ubiquitin-binding associated protein 2 regulates KRAS activation and macropinocytosis in pancreatic cancer. FASEB J 2020; 34:12024-12039. [PMID: 32692445 PMCID: PMC7808438 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902826rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis supports the metabolic requirement of RAS-transformed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells (PDACs). However, regulators of RAS-transformation (activation) that lead to macropinocytosis have not been identified. Herein, we report that UBAP2 (ubiquitin-binding associated protein 2), regulates the activation of KRAS and macropinocytosis in pancreatic cancer. We demonstrate that UBAP2 is highly expressed in both pancreatic cancer cell lines and tumor tissues of PDAC patients. The expression of UBAP2 is associated with poor overall survival in several cancers, including PDAC. Silencing UBAP2 decreases the levels of activated KRAS, and inhibits macropinocytosis, and tumor growth in vivo. Using a UBAP2-deletion construct, we demonstrate that the UBA-domain of UBAP2 is critical for the regulation of macropinocytosis and maintaining the levels of activated KRAS. In addition, UBAP2 regulates RAS downstream signaling and helps maintain RAS in the GTP-bound form. However, the exact mechanism by which UBAP2 regulates KRAS activation is unknown and needs further investigation. Thus, UBAP2 may be exploited as a potential therapeutic target to inhibit macropinocytosis and tumor growth in activated KRAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunhao Xiong
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Geeta Rao
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Yushan Zhang
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Nicolas Means
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Anindya Dey
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Martha Tsaliki
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sounik Saha
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sanjib Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shailendra kumar Dhar Dwivedi
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Chinthalapally V. Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Daniel J. McCormick
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Danny Dhanasekaran
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gillies
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Da Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Rao G, Murphy B, Dey A, Dhar Dwivedi SK, Zhang Y, Roy RV, Chakraborty P, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Cystathionine beta synthase regulates mitochondrial dynamics and function in endothelial cells. FASEB J 2020; 34:9372-9392. [PMID: 32463541 PMCID: PMC7675787 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000173r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the human cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) gene are known to cause endothelial dysfunction responsible for cardiovascular and neurovascular diseases. CBS is the predominant hydrogen sulfide (H2 S)-producing enzyme in endothelial cells (ECs). Recently, H2 S was shown to attenuate ROS and improve mitochondrial function. Mitochondria are metabolic organelles that actively transform their ultrastructure to mediate their function. Therefore, we questioned whether perturbation of CBS/H2 S activity could drive mitochondrial dysfunction via mitochondrial dynamics in ECs. Here we demonstrate that silencing CBS induces mitochondria fragmentation, attenuates efficient oxidative phosphorylation, and decreases EC function. Mechanistically, CBS silencing significantly elevates ROS production, thereby leading to reduced mitofusin 2 (MFN2) expression, decouple endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contacts, increased mitochondria fission, enhanced receptor-mediated mitophagy, and increased EC death. These defects were significantly rescued by the treatment of H2 S donors. Taken together our data highlights a novel signaling axis that mechanistically links CBS with mitochondrial function and ER-mitochondrial tethering and could be considered as a new therapeutic approach for the intervention of EC dysfunction-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Rao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Brennah Murphy
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anindya Dey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Yushan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Prabir Chakraborty
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Zhang Y, Xiong X, Huai Y, Dey A, Hossen NM, Roy RV, Elechalawar CK, Rao G, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Gold Nanoparticles Disrupt Tumor Microenvironment - Endothelial Cell Cross Talk To Inhibit Angiogenic Phenotypes in Vitro. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1724-1733. [PMID: 31067032 PMCID: PMC6939887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is currently recognized that perpetual cross talk among key players in tumor microenvironment such as cancer cells (CCs), cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and endothelial cells (ECs) plays a critical role in tumor progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Disruption of the cross talk may be useful to improve the outcome of therapeutics for which limited options are available. In the current study we investigate the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a therapeutic tool to disrupt the multicellular cross talk within the TME cells with an emphasis on inhibiting angiogenesis. We demonstrate here that AuNPs disrupt signal transduction from TME cells (CCs, CAFs, and ECs) to ECs and inhibit angiogenic phenotypes in vitro. We show that conditioned media (CM) from ovarian CCs, CAFs, or ECs themselves induce tube formation and migration of ECs in vitro. Migration of ECs is also induced when ECs are cocultured with CCs, CAFs, or ECs. In contrast, CM from the cells treated with AuNPs or cocultured cells pretreated with AuNPs demonstrate diminished effects on ECs tube formation and migration. Mechanistically, AuNPs deplete ∼95% VEGF165 from VEGF single-protein solution and remove up to ∼45% of VEGF165 from CM, which is reflected on reduced activation of VEGF-Receptor 2 (VEGFR2) as compared to control CM. These results demonstrate that AuNPs inhibit angiogenesis via blockade of VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling from TME cells to endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Xunhao Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Yanyan Huai
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Anindya Dey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Nazir Md Hossen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Chandra Kumar Elechalawar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Geeta Rao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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8
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Son YO, Pratheeshkumar P, Roy RV, Hitron JA, Wang L, Divya SP, Xu M, Luo J, Chen G, Zhang Z, Shi X. Withdrawal: Antioncogenic and oncogenic properties of Nrf2 in arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15456. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.w118.005758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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9
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Son YO, Pratheeshkumar P, Roy RV, Hitron JA, Wang L, Zhang Z, Shi X. Withdrawal: Nrf2/p62 signaling in apoptosis resistance and its role in cadmium-induced carcinogenesis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15455. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.w118.005757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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10
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Pratheeshkumar P, Son YO, Divya SP, Turcios L, Roy RV, Hitron JA, Wang L, Kim D, Dai J, Asha P, Zhang Z, Shi X. Hexavalent chromium induces malignant transformation of human lung bronchial epithelial cells via ROS-dependent activation of miR-21-PDCD4 signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 7:51193-51210. [PMID: 27323401 PMCID: PMC5239469 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a well-known human carcinogen associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis remain unclear. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is a key regulator of oncogenic processes. Studies have shown that miR-21 exerts its oncogenic activity by targeting the tumor suppressor gene programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4). The present study examined the role of miR-21-PDCD4 signaling in Cr(VI)-induced cell transformation and tumorigenesis. Results showed that Cr(VI) induces ROS generation in human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. Chronic exposure to Cr(VI) is able to cause malignant transformation in BEAS-2B cells. Cr(VI) caused a significant increase of miR-21 expression associated with an inhibition of PDCD4 expression. Notably, STAT3 transcriptional activation by IL-6 is crucial for the Cr(VI)-induced miR-21 elevation. Stable knockdown of miR-21 or overexpression of PDCD4 in BEAS-2B cells significantly reduced the Cr(VI)-induced cell transformation. Furthermore, the Cr(VI) induced inhibition of PDCD4 suppressed downstream E-cadherin protein expression, but promoted β-catenin/TCF-dependent transcription of uPAR and c-Myc. We also found an increased miR-21 level and decreased PDCD4 expression in xenograft tumors generated with chronic Cr(VI)-exposed BEAS-2B cells. In addition, stable knockdown of miR-21 and overexpression of PDCD4 reduced the tumorogenicity of chronic Cr(VI)-exposed BEAS-2B cells in nude mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the miR-21-PDCD4 signaling axis plays an important role in Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lilia Turcios
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John Andrew Hitron
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Donghern Kim
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jin Dai
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Padmaja Asha
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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11
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Roy RV, Pratheeshkumar P, Son YO, Wang L, Hitron JA, Divya SP, Zhang Z, Shi X. Different roles of ROS and Nrf2 in Cr(VI)-induced inflammatory responses in normal and Cr(VI)-transformed cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 307:81-90. [PMID: 27470422 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is classified as a human carcinogen. Cr(VI) has been associated with adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. The present study shows that acute Cr(VI) treatment in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) increased inflammatory responses (TNF-α, COX-2, and NF-кB/p65) and expression of Nrf2. Cr(VI)-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are responsible for increased inflammation. Despite the fact that Nrf2 is a master regulator of response to oxidative stress, silencing of Nrf2 in the acute Cr(VI) treatment had no effect on Cr(VI)-induced inflammation. In contrast, in Cr(VI)-transformed (CrT) cells, Nrf2 is constitutively activated. Knock-down of this protein resulted in decreased inflammation, while silencing of SOD2 and CAT had no effect in the expression of these inflammatory proteins. Results obtained from the knock-down of Nrf2 in CrT cells are very different from the results obtained in the acute Cr(VI) treatment. In BEAS-2B cells, knock-down of Nrf2 had no effect in the inflammation levels, while in CrT cells a decrease in the expression of inflammation markers was observed. These results indicate that before transformation, ROS plays a critical role while Nrf2 not in Cr(VI)-induced inflammation, whereas after transformation (CrT cells), Nrf2 is constitutively activated and this protein maintains inflammation while ROS not. Constitutively high levels of Nrf2 in CrT binds to the promoter regions of COX-2 and TNF-α, leading to increased inflammation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that before cell transformation ROS are important in Cr(VI)-induced inflammation and after transformation a constitutively high level of Nrf2 is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Vinod Roy
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yong-Ok Son
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - John Andrew Hitron
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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12
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Pratheeshkumar P, Son YO, Divya SP, Wang L, Turcios L, Roy RV, Hitron JA, Kim D, Dai J, Asha P, Zhang Z, Shi X. Quercetin inhibits Cr(VI)-induced malignant cell transformation by targeting miR-21-PDCD4 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 8:52118-52131. [PMID: 28881718 PMCID: PMC5581017 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is an important human carcinogen associated with pulmonary diseases and lung cancer. Inhibition of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis by a dietary antioxidant is a novel approach. Quercetin is one of the most abundant dietary flavonoids widely present in many fruits and vegetables, possesses potent antioxidant and anticancer properties. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is a key oncomiR significantly elevated in the majority of human cancers that exerts its oncogenic activity by targeting the tumor suppressor gene programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4). The present study examined the effect of quercetin on the inhibition of Cr(VI)-induced malignant cell transformation and the role of miR-21-PDCD4 signaling involved. Our results showed that quercetin decreased ROS generation induced by Cr(VI) exposure in BEAS-2B cells. Chronic Cr(VI) exposure induced malignant cell transformation, increased miR-21 expression and caused inhibition of PDCD4, which were significantly inhibited by the treatment of quercetin in a dose dependent manner. Nude mice injected with BEAS-2B cells chronically exposed to Cr(VI) in the presence of quercetin showed reduced tumor incidence compared to Cr(VI) alone treated group. Stable knockdown of miR-21 and overexpression of PDCD4 or catalase in BEAS-2B cells suppressed Cr(VI)-induced malignant transformation and tumorigenesis. Taken together, these results demonstrate that quercetin is able to protect BEAS-2B cells from Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis by targeting miR-21-PDCD4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lilia Turcios
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John Andrew Hitron
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Donghern Kim
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jin Dai
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Padmaja Asha
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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13
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Wang L, Fan J, Hitron JA, Son YO, Wise JTF, Roy RV, Kim D, Dai J, Pratheeshkumar P, Zhang Z, Shi X. Cancer Stem-Like Cells Accumulated in Nickel-Induced Malignant Transformation. Toxicol Sci 2016; 151:376-87. [PMID: 26962057 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel compounds are known as human carcinogens. Chronic environmental exposure to nickel is a worldwide health concern. Although the mechanisms of nickel-induced carcinogenesis are not well understood, recent studies suggest that stem cells/cancer stem cells are likely important targets. This study examines the role of cancer stem cells in nickel-induced cell transformation. The nontransformed human bronchial epithelial cell line (Beas-2B) was chronically exposed to nickel chloride for 12 months to induce cell transformation. Nickel induced Beas-2B cell transformation, and cancer stem-like cells were enriched in nickel-transformed cell (BNiT) population. The BNiT cancer stem-like cells demonstrated enhanced self-renewal and distinctive differentiation properties. In vivo tumorigenesis studies show that BNiT cancer stem-like cells possess a high tumor-initiating capability. It was also demonstrated that superoxide dismutase 1 was involved in the accumulation of cancer stem-like cells; the regulation of superoxide dismutase 1 expression was different in transformed stem-like cells and nontransformed. Overall, the accumulation of stem-like cells and their enhanced stemness functions contribute to nickel-induced tumorigenesis. Our study provides additional insight into the mechanisms by which metals or other chemicals can induce carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- *Center for Research on Environmental Disease Toxicology and Cancer Biology, and
| | - Jia Fan
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology, and
| | | | - Young-Ok Son
- *Center for Research on Environmental Disease Toxicology and Cancer Biology, and
| | - James T F Wise
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- *Center for Research on Environmental Disease Toxicology and Cancer Biology, and
| | | | - Jin Dai
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology, and
| | - Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- *Center for Research on Environmental Disease Toxicology and Cancer Biology, and
| | | | - Xianglin Shi
- *Center for Research on Environmental Disease Toxicology and Cancer Biology, and
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14
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Son YO, Pratheeshkumar P, Roy RV, Hitron JA, Wang L, Divya SP, Xu M, Luo J, Chen G, Zhang Z, Shi X. Antioncogenic and Oncogenic Properties of Nrf2 in Arsenic-induced Carcinogenesis. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:27090-27100. [PMID: 26385919 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.675371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As(3+)) is a carcinogen with considerable environmental and occupational relevancy. The present study shows that As(3+)-transformed human lung bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells (AsT cells) exhibit the property of apoptosis resistance. The level of basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) is very low in AsT cells in correlation with elevated expressions of both antioxidant enzymes and antiapoptotic proteins. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and p62 are constitutively expressed. These two proteins up-regulate antioxidant enzymes and antiapoptotic proteins. The knockdown of Nrf2 or p62 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) enhanced both ROS levels and As(3+)-induced apoptosis in transformed cells. AsT cells have autophagy deficiency as evidenced by reduced formation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II, GFP-LC3 puncta, and autophagy flux. Results obtained using a soft agar assay and shRNA Nrf2-transfected cells show that Nrf2 plays an antioncogenic role before transformation, whereas this transcription factor plays an oncogenic role after transformation. In addition, depletion of Nrf2 by shRNA dramatically inhibited growth and proliferation of transformed cells. Furthermore, the Nrf2 protein levels and antiapoptotic and antioxidant enzyme levels are higher in lung adenocarcinoma than in normal tissues. Collectively, this study demonstrates that a constitutively high level of Nrf2 in AsT cells up-regulates the antioxidant proteins catalase and superoxide dismutase as well as the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. The final consequences are decreased ROS generation and increased apoptotic resistance, cell survival and proliferation, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ok Son
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305; Departments of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305
| | - Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305; Departments of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305; Departments of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305
| | - John Andrew Hitron
- Departments of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305; Departments of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Departments of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305
| | - Mei Xu
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305
| | - Jia Luo
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305
| | - Gang Chen
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Departments of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305; Departments of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305.
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15
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Wang L, Hitron JA, Wise JTF, Son YO, Roy RV, Kim D, Dai J, Pratheeshkumar P, Zhang Z, Xu M, Luo J, Shi X. Ethanol enhances arsenic-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression via both NFAT and NF-κB signalings in colorectal cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26220687 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a known carcinogen to humans, and chronic exposure to environmental arsenic is a worldwide health concern. As a dietary factor, ethanol carries a well-established risk for malignancies, but the effects of co-exposure to arsenic and ethanol on tumor development are not well understood. In the present study, we hypothesized that ethanol would enhance the function of an environmental carcinogen such as arsenic through increase in COX-2 expression. Our in vitro results show that ethanol enhanced arsenic-induced COX-2 expression. We also show that the increased COX-2 expression associates with intracellular ROS generation, up-regulated AKT signaling, with activation of both NFAT and NF-κB pathways. We demonstrate that antioxidant enzymes have an inhibitory effect on arsenic/ethanol-induced COX-2 expression, indicating that the responsive signaling pathways from co-exposure to arsenic and ethanol relate to ROS generation. In vivo results also show that co-exposure to arsenic and ethanol increased COX-2 expression in mice. We conclude that ethanol enhances arsenic-induced COX-2 expression in colorectal cancer cells via both the NFAT and NF-κB pathways. These results imply that, as a common dietary factor, ethanol ingestion may be a compounding risk factor for arsenic-induced carcinogenesis/cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - John Andrew Hitron
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - James T F Wise
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Donghern Kim
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jin Dai
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Mei Xu
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jia Luo
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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16
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Roy RV, Son YO, Pratheeshkumar P, Wang L, Hitron JA, Divya SP, D R, Kim D, Yin Y, Zhang Z, Shi X. Epigenetic targets of arsenic: emphasis on epigenetic modifications during carcinogenesis. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2015; 34:63-84. [PMID: 25746832 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2014012066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone modification promote opening and closure of chromatin structure, which affects gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. Epigenetic markers regulate the dynamic nature of chromatin structure at different levels: DNA, histone, noncoding RNAs, as well as the higher-order chromatin structure. Accumulating evidence strongly suggests that arsenic-induced carcinogenesis involves frequent changes in the epigenetic marker. However, progress in identifying arsenic-induced epigenetic changes has already been made using genome-wide approaches; the biological significance of these epigenetic changes remains unknown. Moreover, arsenic-induced changes in the chromatin state alter gene expression through the epigenetic mechanism. The current review provides a summary of recent literature regarding epigenetic changes caused by arsenic in carcinogenesis. We highlight the transgenerational studies needed to explicate the biological significance and toxicity of arsenic over a broad spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Vinod Roy
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease and Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease and Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease and Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Lei Wang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology College of Medicine, University of Kentucky
| | - John Andrew Hitron
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease and Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease and Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Rakesh D
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease and Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Donghern Kim
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease and Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Yuanqin Yin
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease and Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease and Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease and Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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17
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Padmaja Divya S, Pratheeshkumar P, Son YO, Vinod Roy R, Andrew Hitron J, Kim D, Dai J, Wang L, Asha P, Huang B, Xu M, Luo J, Zhang Z. Arsenic Induces Insulin Resistance in Mouse Adipocytes and Myotubes Via Oxidative Stress-Regulated Mitochondrial Sirt3-FOXO3a Signaling Pathway. Toxicol Sci 2015; 146:290-300. [PMID: 25979314 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to arsenic via drinking water is associated with an increased risk for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study investigates the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress protein Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) and its targeting proteins in chronic arsenic-induced T2DM in mouse adipocytes and myotubes. The results show that chronic arsenic exposure significantly decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (ISGU) in correlation with reduced expression of insulin-regulated glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4). Expression of Sirt3, a mitochondrial deacetylase, was dramatically decreased along with its associated transcription factor, forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a) upon arsenic exposure. A decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) was observed in both 3T3L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes treated by arsenic. Reduced FOXO3a activity by arsenic exhibited a decreased binding affinity to the promoters of both manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α, a broad and powerful regulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism. Forced expression of Sirt3 or MnSOD in mouse myotubes elevated Δψm and restored ISGU inhibited by arsenic exposure. Our results suggest that Sirt3/FOXO3a/MnSOD signaling plays a significant role in the inhibition of ISGU induced by chronic arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- *Center for Research on Environmental Disease, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | | | | | | | - John Andrew Hitron
- *Center for Research on Environmental Disease, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Donghern Kim
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jin Dai
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- *Center for Research on Environmental Disease
| | - Padmaja Asha
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India
| | - Bin Huang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40504 and
| | - Mei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA,
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18
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Divya SP, Wang X, Pratheeshkumar P, Son YO, Roy RV, Kim D, Dai J, Hitron JA, Wang L, Asha P, Shi X, Zhang Z. Blackberry extract inhibits UVB-induced oxidative damage and inflammation through MAP kinases and NF-κB signaling pathways in SKH-1 mice skin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 284:92-99. [PMID: 25680589 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extensive exposure of solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation to skin induces oxidative stress and inflammation that play a crucial role in the induction of skin cancer. Photochemoprevention with natural products represents a simple but very effective strategy for the management of cutaneous neoplasia. In this study, we investigated whether blackberry extract (BBE) reduces chronic inflammatory responses induced by UVB irradiation in SKH-1 hairless mice skin. Mice were exposed to UVB radiation (100 mJ/cm(2)) on alternate days for 10 weeks, and BBE (10% and 20%) was applied topically a day before UVB exposure. Our results show that BBE suppressed UVB-induced hyperplasia and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells in the SKH-1 hairless mice skin. BBE treatment reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in mouse skin by chronic UVB exposure. BBE significantly decreased the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in UVB-exposed skin. Likewise, UVB-induced inflammatory responses were diminished by BBE as observed by a remarkable reduction in the levels of phosphorylated MAP Kinases, Erk1/2, p38, JNK1/2 and MKK4. Furthermore, BBE also reduced inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels in UVB-exposed skin. Treatment with BBE inhibited UVB-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB and degradation of IκBα in mouse skin. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that topical application of BBE inhibited the expression of 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and cyclin D1 in UVB-exposed skin. Collectively, these data indicate that BBE protects from UVB-induced oxidative damage and inflammation by modulating MAP kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Donghern Kim
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jin Dai
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - John Andrew Hitron
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Padmaja Asha
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Pratheeshkumar P, Son YO, Divya SP, Roy RV, Hitron JA, Wang L, Kim D, Dai J, Asha P, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Shi X. Luteolin inhibits Cr(VI)-induced malignant cell transformation of human lung epithelial cells by targeting ROS mediated multiple cell signaling pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 281:230-41. [PMID: 25448439 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a well-known human carcinogen associated with the incidence of lung cancer. Inhibition of metal induced carcinogenesis by a dietary antioxidant is a novel approach. Luteolin, a natural dietary flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. We found that short term exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to Cr(VI) (5μM) showed a drastic increase in ROS generation, NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione depletion, which were significantly inhibited by the treatment with luteolin in a dose dependent manner. Treatment with luteolin decreased AP-1, HIF-1α, COX-2, and iNOS promoter activity induced by Cr(VI) in BEAS-2B cells. In addition, luteolin protected BEAS-2B cells from malignant transformation induced by chronic Cr(VI) exposure. Moreover, luteolin also inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) and VEGF in chronic Cr(VI) exposed BEAS-2B cells. Western blot analysis showed that luteolin inhibited multiple gene products linked to survival (Akt, Fak, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL), inflammation (MAPK, NF-κB, COX-2, STAT-3, iNOS, TNF-α) and angiogenesis (HIF-1α, VEGF, MMP-9) in chronic Cr(VI) exposed BEAS-2B cells. Nude mice injected with BEAS-2B cells chronically exposed to Cr(VI) in the presence of luteolin showed reduced tumor incidence compared to Cr(VI) alone treated group. Overexpression of catalase (CAT) or SOD2, eliminated Cr(VI)-induced malignant transformation. Overall, our results indicate that luteolin protects BEAS-2B cells from Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis by scavenging ROS and modulating multiple cell signaling mechanisms that are linked to ROS. Luteolin, therefore, serves as a potential chemopreventive agent against Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - John Andrew Hitron
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Donghern Kim
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jin Dai
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Padmaja Asha
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Son YO, Pratheeshkumar P, Roy RV, Hitron JA, Wang L, Zhang Z, Shi X. Nrf2/p62 signaling in apoptosis resistance and its role in cadmium-induced carcinogenesis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28660-75. [PMID: 25157103 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.595496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cadmium-transformed human lung bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells exhibit a property of apoptosis resistance as compared with normal non-transformed BEAS-2B cells. The level of basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) is extremely low in transformed cells in correlation with elevated expressions of both antioxidant enzymes (catalase, SOD1, and SOD2) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2/Bcl-xL). Moreover, Nrf2 and p62 are highly expressed in these transformed cells. The knockdown of Nrf2 or p62 by siRNA enhances ROS levels and cadmium-induced apoptosis. The binding activities of Nrf2 on the antioxidant response element promoter regions of p62/Bcl-2/Bcl-xL were dramatically increased in the cadmium-exposed transformed cells. Cadmium exposure increased the formation of LC3-II and the frequency of GFP-LC3 punctal cells in non-transformed BEAS-2B cells, whereas these increases are not shown in transformed cells, an indication of autophagy deficiency of transformed cells. Furthermore, the expression levels of Nrf2 and p62 are dramatically increased during chronic long term exposure to cadmium in the BEAS-2B cells as well as antiapoptotic proteins and antioxidant enzymes. These proteins are overexpressed in the tumor tissues derived from xenograft mouse models. Moreover, the colony growth is significantly attenuated in the transformed cells by siRNA transfection specific for Nrf2 or p62. Taken together, this study demonstrates that cadmium-transformed cells have acquired autophagy deficiency, leading to constitutive p62 and Nrf2 overexpression. These overexpressions up-regulate the antioxidant proteins catalase and SOD and the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. The final consequences are decrease in ROS generation, apoptotic resistance, and increased cell survival, proliferation, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ok Son
- From the Center for Research on Environmental Disease and the Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305
| | - Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- From the Center for Research on Environmental Disease and the Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- From the Center for Research on Environmental Disease and the Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305
| | - John Andrew Hitron
- the Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305
| | - Lei Wang
- From the Center for Research on Environmental Disease and the Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- the Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305
| | - Xianglin Shi
- From the Center for Research on Environmental Disease and the Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305
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Pratheeshkumar P, Son YO, Wang X, Divya SP, Joseph B, Hitron JA, Wang L, Kim D, Yin Y, Roy RV, Lu J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Shi X. Cyanidin-3-glucoside inhibits UVB-induced oxidative damage and inflammation by regulating MAP kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways in SKH-1 hairless mice skin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 280:127-37. [PMID: 25062774 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the United States. Exposure to ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation induces inflammation and photocarcinogenesis in mammalian skin. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), a member of the anthocyanin family, is present in various vegetables and fruits especially in edible berries, and displays potent antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties. In this study, we have assessed the in vivo effects of C3G on UVB irradiation induced chronic inflammatory responses in SKH-1 hairless mice, a well-established model for UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis. Here, we show that C3G inhibited UVB-induced skin damage and inflammation in SKH-1 hairless mice. Our results indicate that C3G inhibited glutathione depletion, lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidation in mouse skin by chronic UVB exposure. C3G significantly decreased the production of UVB-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, associated with cutaneous inflammation. Likewise, UVB-induced inflammatory responses were diminished by C3G as observed by a remarkable reduction in the levels of phosphorylated MAP kinases, Erk1/2, p38, JNK1/2 and MKK4. Furthermore, C3G also decreased UVB-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), PGE2 and iNOS levels, which are well-known key mediators of inflammation and cancer. Treatment with C3G inhibited UVB-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB and degradation of IκBα in mice skin. Immunofluorescence assay revealed that topical application of C3G inhibited the expression of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and cyclin D1 in chronic UVB exposed mouse skin. Collectively, these data indicates that C3G can provide substantial protection against the adverse effects of UVB radiation by modulating UVB-induced MAP kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Binoy Joseph
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA
| | - John Andrew Hitron
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Donghern Kim
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yuanqin Yin
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jian Lu
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Vadodkar AS, Suman S, Roy RV, Damodaran C. Abstract 1741: Mitotic catastrophe and inhibition of growth of Castration Resistant Prostate Cancers by a dietary agent Withaferin-A. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cell cycle deregulation has been strongly associated with the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. It has been well documented that an increased expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins (cyclin D1-25%, cyclin A-35% and cyclin B-75%) have been reported in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells, when compared to normal prostate tissue. There are several cell cycle regulators undergoing clinical trials targeting either G0/G1 or G2/M phase of cell cycle to inhibit the growth of many cancers including prostate cancer. We previously published that Withaferin-A (WA); a natural compound effectively suppresses CRPC growth both in vitro and in vivo. Hence, in this study we intend to determine the cell-cycle regulatory potential of this agent on CRPC cells. WA caused irreversible G2/M arrest in both CRPC cell lines (PC-3 and C4-2B) till 72 hours . Phosphorylation of cdc2 by Wee1 and Myt1 is an important step to maintain an inactive state of cdc2 that lead to G2/M cell cycle arrest. Additionally decreased levels of phosphorylated Wee-1 and Myt1 followed by increase in the phosphorylation status of cdc2 (Tyr15 and Thr14) supported the G2/M phase of cell cycle arrest in both CRPC cell lines. Further checkpoint kinase assay showed increased activity in WA treated CRPC cells suggesting activation of CDC25C that activates cyclinB/cdc2 complex .We also observed down regulation of several cyclin family proteins in both CRPC cells. Altogether, these results conclude d that WA inhibits CRPC cell growth by induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest, highlighting the potential of WA could be a therapeutic agent for CRPC. Currently, we are investigating the effect of WA on cell cycle markers using both xenograft and TRAMP models. The outcome of our study may enable bringing WA to the mainstream of medicine for prevention and/or therapy for CRPC.
Citation Format: Aditi Shirish Vadodkar, Suman Suman, Ram Vinod Roy, Chendil Damodaran. Mitotic catastrophe and inhibition of growth of Castration Resistant Prostate Cancers by a dietary agent Withaferin-A. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1741. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1741
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suman Suman
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX
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Roy RV, Das M, Banerjee R, Bhowmick AK. Comparative studies on crosslinked and uncrosslinked natural rubber biodegradation by Pseudomonas sp. Bioresour Technol 2006; 97:2485-8. [PMID: 16854583 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2005] [Revised: 09/25/2005] [Accepted: 09/27/2005] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study on biodegradation of di-cumyl peroxide (DCP) crosslinked and uncrosslinked natural rubber by Pseudomonas sp. was carried out. Decrease in organic carbon content along with the changes in tensile strength of the treated rubber, both DCP crosslinked and uncrosslinked natural rubber, indicated rubber hydrocarbon utilization by the Pseudomonas sp. A decrease in 60.88% MPa and 41.66% MPa was observed after five month's old treated uncrosslinked natural rubber and DCP crosslinked rubber, respectively. Biodegradation was more pronounced in natural uncrosslinked rubber, which was further confirmed by the formation of aldehydic compounds with decrease in CH2 stretching frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Vinod Roy
- Microbial Biotechnology and Downstream Processing Laboratory, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721 302, India
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Ristenpart WD, McCalla PM, Roy RV, Stone HA. Coalescence of spreading droplets on a wettable substrate. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:064501. [PMID: 17026171 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.064501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate experimentally and theoretically the coalescence dynamics of two spreading droplets on a highly wettable substrate. Upon contact, surface tension drives a rapid motion perpendicular to the line of centers that joins the drops and lowers the total surface area. We find that the width of the growing meniscus bridge between the two droplets exhibits power-law behavior, growing at early times as t1/2. Moreover, the growth rate is highly sensitive to both the radii and heights of the droplets at contact, scaling as ho3/2/Ro. This size dependence differs significantly from the behavior of freely suspended droplets, in which the coalescence growth rate depends only weakly on the droplet size. We demonstrate that the scaling behavior is consistent with a model in which the growth of the meniscus bridge is governed by the viscously hindered flux from the droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Ristenpart
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Abstract
A theoretical and numerical model is presented for the shape evolution of the thin liquid films separating the gas bubbles in a foam. The motion is due to capillary action, surface tension gradients, and the overall expansion of the foam. The expansion is the result of the increase in gas content with time. Process modeling is accomplished via the solution of three coupled partial differential equations. Two time scales are included in the model: a process time and a drying or curing time. It is demonstrated that the amount of surfactant is the dominant control mechanism for the final film thickness. If sufficient surfactant is present, the films will be shown to dilate uniformly in space. A number of known features of expanding foams are reproduced by the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Schwartz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716-3140, USA.
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Abstract
Certain deep indentations observed in dry coatings are referred to as "craters". They are believed to arise from gradients in the coating surface tension. A mathematical model of surface-tension-gradient-driven flow, using the lubrication approximation for thin layers, is developed to study the formation of craters. The paint is modeled as consisting of an evaporating "solvent" part and a nonvolatile "resin" part. Surface tension gradients on the coating surface arise due to a nonuniform distribution of surfactant. Axisymmetric numerical simulations using the model are performed to explore two candidate crater production mechanisms: an initial release of concentrated surfactant and a steady surfactant source. The effects of changes in various properties, such as the paint drying rate, the surfactant diffusivity, and the viscosity increase during drying, are examined. The model produces craters with large diameters, pronounced rims, and central peaks, similar to those seen in practice. Drying rate has a large influence on crater diameter and depth, by limiting flow due to surface tension gradients within a given time. Reduction of the paint viscosity increase during drying causes increased flow rates, leading to larger craters. A preexisting layer of surfactant on the paint surface sharply reduces the extent of cratering. Surfactant diffusion also tends to reduce the severity of cratering by alleviating surface tension gradients. In some cases, a simplified form of the drying model may be used to quickly approximate the results of the full model. The model provides useful insights into the craters seen in industrial coating applications. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- PL Evans
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716
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Abstract
A mathematical model is constructed to describe the two-dimensional flow in a vertical soap film that is draining under gravity. An asymptotic analysis is employed that uses the long-wave or "lubrication" approximation. The modeling results in three coupled partial differential equations that include a number of dimensionless input parameters. The equations are solved numerically. The three functions calculated, as they vary in space and time, are the film thickness, the surface concentration of an assumed insoluble surfactant, and the slip or surface velocity. The film is assumed to be supported by "wire frame" elements at both the top and the bottom; thus the liquid area and the total surfactant are conserved in the simulation. A two-term "disjoining" pressure is included in the model that allows the development of thin, stable, i.e., "black," films. While the model uses a simplified picture of the relevant physics, it appears to capture observed soap film shape evolution over a large range of surfactant concentrations. The model predicts that, depending on the amount of surfactant that is present, the film profile will pass through several distinct phases. These are (i) rapid initial draining with surfactant transport, (ii) slower draining with an almost immobile interface due to the surface tension gradient effect, and (iii) eventual formation of black spots at various locations on the film. This work is relevant to basic questions concerning surfactant efficacy, as well as to specific questions concerning film and foam draining due to gravity. Prospects for extension to three-dimensional soap film flows are also considered. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- LW Schwartz
- Mathematical Sciences, The University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716
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