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Gomez-Lopez S, Serrano R, Cohen B, Martinez-Argudo I, Lopez-Sanz L, Guadamillas MC, Calero R, Ruiz MJ. Novel Titanocene Y derivative with albumin affinity exhibits improved anticancer activity against platinum resistant cells. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 254:112520. [PMID: 38460481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The antitumor activity of Ti(IV)-based compounds put them in the spotlight for cancer treatment in the past, but their lack of stability in vivo due to a high rate of hydrolysis has hindered their development as antitumor drugs. As a possible solution for this problem, we have reported a synthesis strategy through which we combined a titanocene fragment, a tridentate ligand, and a long aliphatic chain. This strategy allowed us to generate a titanium compound (Myr-Ti) capable of interacting with albumin, highly stable in water and with cytotoxic activity in tumor cells[1]. Following a similar strategy, now we report the synthesis of a new compound (Myr-TiY) derived from titanocene Y that shows antitumoral activity in a cisplatin resistant model with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 41-76 μM. This new compound shows high stability and a strong interaction with human serum albumin. Myr-TiY has a significant antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect on the tested cancer cells and shows potential tumor selectivity when assayed in non-tumor human epithelial cells being more selective (1.3-3.8 times) for tumor cells than cisplatin. These results lead us to think that the described synthesis strategy could be useful to generate compounds for the treatment of both cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Gomez-Lopez
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Rosario Serrano
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Inorgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Boiko Cohen
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; INAMOL, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Isabel Martinez-Argudo
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Laura Lopez-Sanz
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Marta Carmen Guadamillas
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Raul Calero
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Inorgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Ruiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Inorgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; INAMOL, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
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2
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Hayet S, Ghrayeb M, Azulay DN, Shpilt Z, Tshuva EY, Chai L. Titanium complexes affect Bacillus subtilis biofilm formation. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:983-991. [PMID: 37252093 PMCID: PMC10211322 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00075c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are surface or interface-associated communities of bacterial cells, embedded in a self-secreted extracellular matrix (ECM). Cells in biofilms are 100-1000 times more resistant to antibiotic treatment relative to planktonic cells due to various reasons, including the ECM acting as a diffusion barrier to antibiotic molecules, the presence of persister cells that divide slowly and are less susceptible to cell-wall targeting drugs, and the activation of efflux pumps in response to antibiotic stress. In this study we tested the effect of two titanium(iv) complexes that have been previously reported as potent and non-toxic anticancer chemotherapeutic agents on Bacillus subtilis cells in culture and in biofilm forming conditions. The Ti(iv) complexes tested, a hexacoordinate diaminobis(phenolato)-bis(alkoxo) complex (phenolaTi) and a bis(isopropoxo) complex of a diaminobis(phenolato) "salan"-type ligand (salanTi), did not affect the growth rate of cells in shaken cultures, however they did affect biofilm formation. Surprisingly, while phenolaTi inhibited biofilm formation, the presence of salanTi induced the formation of more mechanically robust biofilms. Optical microscopy images of biofilm samples in the absence and presence of Ti(iv) complexes suggest that Ti(iv) complexes affect cell-cell and/or cell-matrix adhesion, and that these are interfered with phenolaTi and enhanced by salanTi. Our results highlight the possible effect of Ti(iv) complexes on bacterial biofilms, which is gaining interest in light of the emerging relations between bacteria and cancerous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Hayet
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus Jerusalem 91904 Israel +972 2 5660425 +972 2 6586084 +972 2 6585303
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Mnar Ghrayeb
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus Jerusalem 91904 Israel +972 2 5660425 +972 2 6586084 +972 2 6585303
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - David N Azulay
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus Jerusalem 91904 Israel +972 2 5660425 +972 2 6586084 +972 2 6585303
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Zohar Shpilt
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus Jerusalem 91904 Israel +972 2 5660425 +972 2 6586084 +972 2 6585303
| | - Edit Y Tshuva
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus Jerusalem 91904 Israel +972 2 5660425 +972 2 6586084 +972 2 6585303
| | - Liraz Chai
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus Jerusalem 91904 Israel +972 2 5660425 +972 2 6586084 +972 2 6585303
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
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3
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Shpilt Z, Melamed-Book N, Tshuva EY. An anticancer Ti(IV) complex increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels in relation with hypoxia and endoplasmic-reticulum stress: A distinct non DNA-related mechanism. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 243:112197. [PMID: 36963201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
PhenolaTi is a promising Ti(IV) anticancer complex, with high stability and cytotoxicity, without notable toxic side-effects. Its cellular mechanism was proposed to relate to ER stress. Herein, we investigated the downstream effects of this mode of action in two cancer cell lines: ovarian carcinoma A2780 and cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa. First, although Ti(IV) is a non-redox metal, the formation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected with live-cell imaging. Then, we inspected the effect of the mitochondrial ROS on cytotoxicity, using two methods: (a) addition of compounds that either elevate or reduce the mitochondrial glutathione concentration, thus affecting the oxidative state of the cells; and (b) scavenging mitochondrial ROS. Unlike the results observed for cisplatin, neither method influenced the cytotoxicity of phenolaTi, implying that ROS formation was a mere side effect of its activity. Additionally, live cell imaging displayed the hypoxia induced by phenolaTi, which can be associated with ROS formation. Overall, the results support the notion that ER-stress is the main cellular mechanism of phenolaTi, leading to hypoxia and mitochondrial ROS. The distinct mechanism of phenolaTi, which is different from that of cisplatin, combined with its stability and favorable anticancer properties, altogether make it a strong chemotherapeutic drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Shpilt
- Institute of Chemistry, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Naomi Melamed-Book
- The Bio-Imaging Unit, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Edit Y Tshuva
- Institute of Chemistry, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel..
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4
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Shpilt Z, Tshuva EY. Stable, Cytotoxic, and Fluorescent Ti(IV) Phenolato Complexes – Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Use in Live Cell Imaging. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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5
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Nahari G, Hoffman RE, Tshuva EY. From medium to endoplasmic reticulum: Tracing anticancer phenolato titanium(IV) complex by 19F NMR detection. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 221:111492. [PMID: 34051630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Titanium(IV) complexes of diaminobis(phenolato)-bis(alkoxo) ligands are promising anticancer drugs, showing marked in-vivo efficacy with no toxic side-effects in mice, hence, it is of interest to elucidate their mechanism of action. Herein, we employed a fluoro-substituted derivative, FenolaTi, for mechanistic analysis of the active species and its cellular target by quantitative 19F NMR detection to reveal its biodistribution and reactivity in extracellular and intracellular matrices. Upon administration to the serum-containing medium, FenolaTi interacted with bovine serum albumin. 20 h post administration, the cellular accumulation of FenolaTi derivatives was estimated as 37% of the administered compound, in a concentration three orders-of-magnitude higher than the administered dose, implying that active membrane transportation facilitates cellular penetration. An additional 19% of the administered dose that was detected in the extracellular environment had originated from post-apoptotic cells. In the cell, interaction with cellular proteins was detected. Although some intact Ti(IV) complex localized in the nucleus, no signals for isolated DNA fractions were detected and no reactivity with nuclear proteins was observed. Interestingly, higher accumulation of FenolaTi-derived compounds in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and interaction with proteins therein were detected, supporting the role of the ER as a possible target for cytotoxic bis(phenolato)-bis(alkoxo) Ti(IV) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Nahari
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Roy E Hoffman
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Edit Y Tshuva
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
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6
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Zhao T, Wang P, Ji M, Li S, Yang M, Pu X. Post-Synthetic Modification Research of Salan Titanium bis-Chelates via Sonogashira Reaction. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a21060282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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7
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Rodríguez I, Gautam R, Tinoco AD. Using X-ray Diffraction Techniques for Biomimetic Drug Development, Formulation, and Polymorphic Characterization. Biomimetics (Basel) 2020; 6:1. [PMID: 33396786 PMCID: PMC7838816 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics6010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug development is a decades-long, multibillion dollar investment that often limits itself. To decrease the time to drug approval, efforts are focused on drug targets and drug formulation for optimal biocompatibility and efficacy. X-ray structural characterization approaches have catalyzed the drug discovery and design process. Single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) reveals important structural details and molecular interactions for the manifestation of a disease or for therapeutic effect. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) has provided a method to determine the different phases, purity, and stability of biological drug compounds that possess crystallinity. Recently, synchrotron sources have enabled wider access to the study of noncrystalline or amorphous solids. One valuable technique employed to determine atomic arrangements and local atom ordering of amorphous materials is the pair distribution function (PDF). PDF has been used in the study of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). ASDs are made up of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) within a drug dispersed at the molecular level in an amorphous polymeric carrier. This information is vital for appropriate formulation of a drug for stability, administration, and efficacy purposes. Natural or biomimetic products are often used as the API or the formulation agent. This review profiles the deep insights that X-ray structural techniques and associated analytical methods can offer in the development of a drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, San Juan, PR 00925, USA
| | - Ritika Gautam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Arthur D. Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, San Juan, PR 00925, USA
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8
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Nahari G, Braitbard O, Larush L, Hochman J, Tshuva EY. Effective Oral Administration of an Antitumorigenic Nanoformulated Titanium Complex. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:108-112. [PMID: 32657024 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Orally administered anticancer drugs facilitate treatment, but the acidic conditions in the stomach often challenge their availability. PhenolaTi is a TiIV -based nontoxic anticancer drug with marked in-vivo efficacy. We report that nanoformulation protects phenolaTi from decomposition in stomach-like conditions. This is evidenced by similar NMR characteristics and similar in-vitro cytotoxicity toward murine (CT-26) and human (HT-29) colon cancer cells before and after incubation of nanoformulated phenolaTi (phenolaTi-F) at pH 2, unlike results with the unformulated form of the complex. Furthermore, administration of phenolaTi-F in animal drinking water revealed a notable inhibition of tumor growth in Balb/c and immune-deficient (Nude) mice inoculated with CT-26 and HT-29 cells, respectively. In-vivo efficacy was at least similar to that of the corresponding intraperitoneal treatment with phenolaTi-F and the clinically employed oral drug, capecitabine. No body weight loss or clinical signs of toxicity were evident in the phenolaTi-F-treated animals. These findings demonstrate a new convenient mode of cancer treatment through oral administration by safe titanium-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Nahari
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Ori Braitbard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Liraz Larush
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Jacob Hochman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Edit Y Tshuva
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
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9
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Miller M, Mellul A, Braun M, Sherill-Rofe D, Cohen E, Shpilt Z, Unterman I, Braitbard O, Hochman J, Tshuva EY, Tabach Y. Titanium Tackles the Endoplasmic Reticulum: A First Genomic Study on a Titanium Anticancer Metallodrug. iScience 2020; 23:101262. [PMID: 32585595 PMCID: PMC7322074 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PhenolaTi is an advanced non-toxic anticancer chemotherapy; this inert bis(phenolato)bis(alkoxo) Ti(IV) complex demonstrates the intriguing combination of high and wide efficacy with no detected toxicity in animals. Here we unravel the cellular pathways involved in its mechanism of action by a first genome study on Ti(IV)-treated cells, using an attuned RNA sequencing-based available technology. First, phenolaTi induced apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in MCF7 cells. Second, the transcriptome of the treated cells was analyzed, identifying alterations in pathways relating to protein translation, DNA damage, and mitochondrial eruption. Unlike for common metallodrugs, electrophoresis assay showed no inhibition of DNA polymerase activity. Reduced in vitro cytotoxicity with added endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor supported the ER as a putative cellular target. Altogether, this paper reveals a distinct ER-related mechanism by the Ti(IV) anticancer coordination complex, paving the way for wider applicability of related techniques in mechanistic analyses of metallodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Miller
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research-Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Anna Mellul
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research-Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Maya Braun
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research-Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Dana Sherill-Rofe
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research-Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Emiliano Cohen
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research-Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Zohar Shpilt
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Irene Unterman
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research-Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ori Braitbard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Jacob Hochman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Edit Y Tshuva
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
| | - Yuval Tabach
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research-Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.
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Shpilt Z, Manne R, Rohman MA, Mitra S, Tiekink ER, Basu Baul TS, Tshuva EY. Homoleptic Ti[ONO] 2type complexes of amino‐acid‐tethered phenolato Schiff‐base ligands: Synthesis, characterization, time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, and cytotoxicity against ovarian and colon cancer cells. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Shpilt
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Rajesh Manne
- Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North‐Eastern Hill University, NEHU Permanent Campus Umshing Shillong 793 022 India
| | - Mostofa Ataur Rohman
- Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North‐Eastern Hill University, NEHU Permanent Campus Umshing Shillong 793 022 India
| | - Sivaprasad Mitra
- Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North‐Eastern Hill University, NEHU Permanent Campus Umshing Shillong 793 022 India
| | - Edward R.T. Tiekink
- Research Centre for Crystalline MaterialsSchool of Science and Technology, Sunway University 47500 Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Tushar S. Basu Baul
- Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North‐Eastern Hill University, NEHU Permanent Campus Umshing Shillong 793 022 India
| | - Edit Y. Tshuva
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
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12
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Salan vs. salen metal complexes in catalysis and medicinal applications: Virtues and pitfalls. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Manne R, Miller M, Duthie A, Guedes da Silva MFC, Tshuva EY, Basu Baul TS. Cytotoxic homoleptic Ti(iv) compounds of ONO-type ligands: synthesis, structures and anti-cancer activity. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:304-314. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03747g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Reacting variously substituted dianionic tridentate ONO-type acylhydrazone ligands with titanium(iv) tetra(isopropoxide) gave a new class of eight homoleptic titanium(iv) compounds showing exceptional stability and promising cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Manne
- Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- North-Eastern Hill Unversity
- Shillong 793 022
- India
| | - Maya Miller
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Jerusalem 9190401
- Israel
| | - Andrew Duthie
- School of Life and Environmental Science
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
| | | | - Edit Y. Tshuva
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Jerusalem 9190401
- Israel
| | - Tushar S. Basu Baul
- Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- North-Eastern Hill Unversity
- Shillong 793 022
- India
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14
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Miller M, Tshuva EY. Racemic vs. enantiopure inert Ti(iv) complex of a single diaminotetrakis(phenolato) ligand in anticancer activity toward human drug-sensitive and -resistant cancer cell lines. RSC Adv 2018; 8:39731-39734. [PMID: 30713687 PMCID: PMC6333245 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08925f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A tetrakis(phenolato) Ti(iv) complex was synthesized in racemic and optically pure form, exhibiting high hydrolytic stability, and similar cytotoxicity for all stereochemical forms on HT-29 and A2780 cancer cells. Higher activity of the racemate on drug-resistant A2780cp and A2780adr lines implies a beneficial activity of both enantiomers rendering enantiomeric resolution unnecessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Miller
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
| | - Edit Y Tshuva
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
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15
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Ganot N, Briaitbard O, Gammal A, Tam J, Hochman J, Tshuva EY. In Vivo Anticancer Activity of a Nontoxic Inert Phenolato Titanium Complex: High Efficacy on Solid Tumors Alone and Combined with Platinum Drugs. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2290-2296. [PMID: 30203598 PMCID: PMC6282713 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Due to the toxicity of platinum compounds used in the clinic as anticancer chemotherapies, titanium serves as a safe and attractive alternative. Lately, we introduced a new family of Ti complexes based on readily available phenolato ligands, demonstrating incredibly high hydrolytic stability, with the lead compound phenolaTi demonstrating wide cytotoxic activity toward the NCI‐60 panel of human cancer cell lines, with an average GI50 value of 4.7±2 μm. Herein, we evaluated in vivo: a) the safety, and b) the growth inhibitory capacity (efficacy) of this compound. PhenolaTi was found to be effective in vivo against colon (CT‐26) and lung (LLC‐1) murine cell lines in syngeneic hosts and toward a human colon cancer (HT‐29) cell line in immune‐deficient (Nude) mice, with an efficacy similar to that of known chemotherapy. Notably, no clinical signs of toxicity were observed in the treated mice, namely, no effect on body weight, spleen weight or kidney function, unlike the effects observed with the positive control Pt drugs. Studies of combinations of phenolaTi and Pt drugs provided evidence that similar efficacy with decreased toxicity may be achieved, which is highly valuable for medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitzan Ganot
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Ori Briaitbard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Asaad Gammal
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Jacob Hochman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Edit Y Tshuva
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
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16
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Miller M, Tshuva EY. Synthesis of Pure Enantiomers of Titanium(IV) Complexes with Chiral Diaminobis(phenolato) Ligands and Their Biological Reactivity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9705. [PMID: 29946136 PMCID: PMC6018713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Racemic and enantiomerically pure titanium(IV) complexes with ortho-brominated or para-nitrated chiral diaminobis(phenolato) ligands were prepared with NH and NMe cyclohexyldiamino bridges through ligand to metal chiral induction. The hydrolytic behavior of the complexes was evaluated, identifying the N-methylated complex as the most stable. A representative NH complex hydrolyzed to first give a dimeric structure in solution as deduced by NMR diffusion measurements, followed by formation of clusters with higher nuclearity, as was supported by X-ray characterization of a tetranuclear cluster obtained in trace amounts following 30 days in water solutions. The cytotoxicity of the enantiomerically pure and racemic complexes was measured on HT-29 human colon cancer cell line based on the MTT assay; all stereochemical configurations of the N-methylated complex were inactive, whereas for the NH complexes, the racemic mixtures were mostly inactive but the pure enantiomers exhibited similarly high cytotoxicity, supporting a polynuclear active species. Analysis of the two enantiomers of the most active brominated complex for their cytotoxicity on human ovarian A2780, cisplatin resistant A2780cp and multi-drug-resistant A2780adr cell lines as well as for their apoptosis induction on the A2780 line revealed similar reactivity, supporting a similar mechanism for the two enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Miller
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Edit Y Tshuva
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel.
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17
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Ganot N, Tshuva EY. In vitro combinations of inert phenolato Ti(iv) complexes with clinically employed anticancer chemotherapy: synergy with oxaliplatin on colon cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:5822-5827. [PMID: 30009018 PMCID: PMC6003540 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00229k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced anticancer phenolato titanium(iv) complexes were combined with known chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs applied in the clinic and were analyzed in vitro on cell lines most sensitive to the Ti(iv) complex and relevant to the clinical application of the known drugs. Combination of the Ti(iv) complex with cisplatin on ovarian cells showed mostly an additive behavior, also on a line resistant to cisplatin. Combination of the Ti(iv) complex with fluorouracil on colon cells gave near additive behavior, and that with oxaliplatin gave a synergistic behavior at a wide range of Ti : Pt ratios, but only when the drugs were administered together. Increasing the time intervals between the administration of Ti and of Pt turned the behavior to antagonistic, suggesting some deactivation of Pt by the Ti agent. For combinations where the drugs were applied together, the behavior depended on the effect level, and higher effects gave greater synergism, implying that technical aspects such as solubility are influential. Nevertheless, more complex patterns recorded for combinations where the drugs had been applied separately suggested multiple mechanisms with different concentration dependence. Overall the results point to high medicinal potential for the tested compounds for anticancer combination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ganot
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
| | - E Y Tshuva
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
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18
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Tzubery A, Melamed-Book N, Tshuva EY. Fluorescent antitumor titanium(iv) salen complexes for cell imaging. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:3669-3673. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04828a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
First live cell imaging using florescent salen Ti(iv) complexes, which are cytotoxic and inactive, both entering the cell but with different subcellular accumulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avia Tzubery
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Jerusalem 9190401
- Israel
| | - Naomi Melamed-Book
- The Bio-Imaging Unit
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Jerusalem 9190401
- Israel
| | - Edit Y. Tshuva
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Jerusalem 9190401
- Israel
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19
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Loza-Rosas SA, Vázquez-Salgado AM, Rivero KI, Negrón LJ, Delgado Y, Benjamín-Rivera JA, Vázquez-Maldonado AL, Parks TB, Munet-Colón C, Tinoco AD. Expanding the Therapeutic Potential of the Iron Chelator Deferasirox in the Development of Aqueous Stable Ti(IV) Anticancer Complexes. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:7788-7802. [PMID: 28644630 PMCID: PMC5557045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The recent X-ray structure of titanium(IV)-bound human serum transferrin (STf) exhibiting citrate as a synergistic anion reveals a difference in Ti(IV) coordination versus iron(III), the metal endogenously delivered by the protein to cells. This finding enriches our bioinspired drug design strategy for Ti(IV)-based anticancer therapeutics, which applies a family of Fe(III) chelators termed chemical transferrin mimetic (cTfm) ligands to inhibit Fe bioavailability in cancer cells. Deferasirox, a drug used for iron overload disease, is a cTfm ligand that models STf coordination to Fe(III), favoring Fe(III) binding versus Ti(IV). This metal affinity preference drives deferasirox to facilitate the release of cytotoxic Ti(IV) intracellularly in exchange for Fe(III). An aqueous speciation study performed by potentiometric titration from pH 4 to 8 with micromolar levels of Ti(IV) deferasirox at a 1:2 ratio reveals exclusively Ti(deferasirox)2 in solution. The predominant complex at pH 7.4, [Ti(deferasirox)2]2-, exhibits the one of the highest aqueous stabilities observed for a potent cytotoxic Ti(IV) species, demonstrating little dissociation even after 1 month in cell culture media. UV-vis and 1H NMR studies show that the stability is unaffected by the presence of biomolecular Ti(IV) binders such as citrate, STf, and albumin, which have been shown to induce dissociation or regulate cellular uptake and can alter the activity of other antiproliferative Ti(IV) complexes. Kinetic studies on [Ti(deferasirox)2]2- transmetalation with Fe(III) show that a labile Fe(III) source is required to induce this process. The initial step of this process occurs on the time scale of minutes, and equilibrium for the complete transmetalation is reached on a time scale of hours to a day. This work reveals a mechanism to deliver Ti(IV) compounds into cells and trigger Ti(IV) release by a labile Fe(III) species. Cellular studies including other cTfm ligands confirm the Fe(III) depletion mechanism of these compounds and show their ability to induce early and late apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A. Loza-Rosas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Alexandra M. Vázquez-Salgado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Kennett I. Rivero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Lenny J. Negrón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Yamixa Delgado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Josué A. Benjamín-Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Angel L. Vázquez-Maldonado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Timothy B. Parks
- VA Caribbean Healthcare System, 10 Casia Street, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00921, United States
| | - Charlene Munet-Colón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Arthur D. Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
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Loza-Rosas SA, Saxena M, Delgado Y, Gaur K, Pandrala M, Tinoco AD. A ubiquitous metal, difficult to track: towards an understanding of the regulation of titanium(iv) in humans. Metallomics 2017; 9:346-356. [PMID: 28164202 PMCID: PMC5397357 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00223d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the ubiquitous nature of titanium(iv) and several examples of its beneficial behavior in different organisms, the metal remains underappreciated in biology. There is little understanding of how the metal might play an important function in the human body. Nonetheless, a new insight is obtained regarding the molecular mechanisms that regulate the blood speciation of the metal to maintain it in a nontoxic and potentially bioavailable form for use in the body. This review surveys the literature on Ti(iv) application in prosthetics and in the development of anticancer therapeutics to gain an insight into soluble Ti(iv) influx in the body and its long-term impact. The limitation in analytical tools makes it difficult to depict the full picture of how Ti(iv) is transported and distributed throughout the body. An improved understanding of Ti function and its interaction with biomolecules will be helpful in developing future technologies for its imaging in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Loza-Rosas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00969, USA.
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A survey of the mechanisms of action of anticancer transition metal complexes. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:2263-2286. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal complexes have been the subject of numerous investigations in oncology but, despite the plethora of newly synthesized compounds, their precise mechanisms of action remain generally unknown or, for the best, incompletely determined. The continuous development of efficient and sensitive techniques in analytical chemistry and molecular biology gives scientists new tools to gather information on how metal complexes can be effective toward cancer. This review focuses on recent findings about the anticancer mechanism of action of metal complexes and how the ligands can be used to tune their pharmacological and physicochemical properties.
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