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Sookai S, Perumal S, Kaur M, Munro OQ. Pt(II) Bis(pyrrole-imine) complexes: Luminescent probes and cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells†. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 258:112617. [PMID: 38805758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Four Pt(II) bis(pyrrole-imine) Schiff base chelates (1-4) were synthesised by previously reported methods, through a condensation reaction, and the novel crystal structure of 2,2'-{propane-1,3-diylbis[nitrilo(E)methylylidene]}bis(pyrrol-1-ido)platinum(II) (1) was obtained. Pt(II) complexes 1-4 exhibited phosphorescence, with increased luminescence in anaerobic solvents or when bound to human serum albumin (HSA). One of the complexes shows a 15.6-fold increase in quantum yield when bound to HSA and could be used to detect HSA concentrations as low as 5 nM. Pt(II) complexes 1-3 was investigated as potential theranostic agents in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, but only complex 3 exhibited cytotoxicity when irradiated with UV light (λ355nmExcitation). Interestingly, the cytotoxicity of complex 1 was unresponsive to UV light irradiation. This indicates that only complex 3 can be considered a potential photosensitising agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheldon Sookai
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Shanen Perumal
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Orde Q Munro
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Pan A, Bhaduri R, Mandal S, Kumar Tarai S, Bagchi A, Biswas A, Moi SC. Photophysical study on DNA & BSA binding and cytotoxic behaviour of piperidine-Pt(II) complexes: their kinetics & mechanism and molecular docking. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Lan H, Song J, Yuan J, Xing A, Zeng D, Hao Y, Zhang Z, Feng S. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, DNA Binding, and Molecular Docking of Hybrid 4,6-Dihydrazone Pyrimidine Derivatives as Antitumor Agents. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010187. [PMID: 36615380 PMCID: PMC9822369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper, on the basis of molecular hybridization, a series of 4,6-dihydrazone pyrimidine derivatives containing the pyridine moiety were synthesized, structurally characterized, and evaluated in vitro for their antitumor activity. According to the results, all the tested compounds demonstrated broad-spectrum antitumor activity against selected tumor cell lines (MCF-7, BGC-823, A549, and BEL-7402) and no obvious toxicity toward normal cells HL-7702. In particular, compounds 10a and 10f were found to be the most promising antitumor agents among the tested compounds against BGC-823 cells (IC50 = 9.00 μM and 7.89 μM) and BEL-7402 cells (IC50 = 6.70 μM and 7.66 μM), respectively. Compounds 10a and 10f exhibited higher potency against BGC-823 and BEL-7402 than the positive control 5-FU (IC50 = 15.18 μM and 15.81 μM). Further mechanism investigations demonstrated that compounds 10a and 10f could significantly increase the level of cellular ROS and induce early apoptosis of BGC-823 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the DNA binding results from UV/Vis, CD spectroscopy, and molecular docking studies indicated that 10a and 10f bind with DNA via groove binding and partial intercalation. These results demonstrated that 10a and 10f may serve as novel lead compounds for the discovery of more dihydrazone pyrimidine derivatives with improved antitumor potency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Junying Song
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Juan Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Aiping Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Dai Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yating Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shuying Feng
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Research Progress on the Biological Activities of Metal Complexes Bearing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrazones. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238393. [PMID: 36500482 PMCID: PMC9739244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Due to the abundant and promising biological activities of aromatic hydrazones, it is of great significance to study the biological activities of their metal complexes for the research and development of metal-based drugs. In this review, we focus on the metal complexes of polycyclic aromatic hydrazones, which still do not receive much attention, and summarize the studies related to their biological activities. Although the large number of metal complexes in phenylhydrazone prevent them all from being summarized, the significant value of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons themselves (such as naphthalene and anthracene) as pharmacophores are also considered. Therefore, the bioactivities of the metal complexes of naphthylhydrazone and anthrahydrazone are focused on, and the recent research progress on the metal complexes of anthrahydrazone by the authors is also included. In terms of biological activities, these complexes mainly show antibacterial and anticancer activities, along with less bioactivities. The present review demonstrates that the structural design and bioactivities of these complexes are fundamental, which also indicates a certain structure-activity relationship (SAR) in some substructural areas. However, a systematic and comprehensive conclusion of the SAR is still not available, which suggests that more attention should be paid to the bioactivities of the metal complexes of polycyclic aromatic hydrazones since their potential in structural design and biological activity remains to be explored. We hope that this review will attract more researchers to devote their interest and energy into this promising area.
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Mechanism of vitamin B6 benzoyl hydrazone platinum(II) complexes overcomes multidrug resistance in lung cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 237:114415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Khan E, Hanif M, Akhtar MS. Schiff bases and their metal complexes with biologically compatible metal ions; biological importance, recent trends and future hopes. REV INORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2021-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Schiff bases are in the field of medicinal and material chemistry for a long time. There are several advancements from time to time towards facile synthesis and potential applications. As medicines they have been applied as organic molecules as well as their metal complexes. The activities of metal complexes have been found to increase due to increase lipophilicity in comparison to the corresponding free ligand. Besides simple coordination compounds they have been applied as ionic liquid (IL)- supported and IL-tagged species with far enhanced efficiency. Among metal complexes recent advancement deals with photodynamic therapy to treat a number of tumors with fewer side effects. Schiff bases are efficient ligands and their complexes with almost all metal ions are reported. This mini-review article deals with complexes of Schiff bases with biologically compatible metal ions, Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Pd(II), Ag(I), Pt(II) and their potential uses to combat cancerous cells. Strong hopes are associated with photodynamic therapy and IL-tagged and IL-supported Schiff bases and their complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzat Khan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Malakand , Chakdara 18800 , Lower Dir , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry , College of Science, University of Bahrain , Sakhir 32038 , Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Chemistry , University of Malakand , Chakdara 18800 , Lower Dir , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salim Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry , College of Science, University of Bahrain , Sakhir 32038 , Kingdom of Bahrain
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Mo X, Chen K, Chen Z, Chu B, Liu D, Liang Y, Xiong J, Yang Y, Cai J, Liang F. Antitumor Activities for Two Pt(II) Complexes of Tropolone and 8-Hydroxyquinoline Derivative. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16128-16139. [PMID: 34647723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of cis-Pt(DMSO)2Cl2 and tropolone (HL) with 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQ) or 2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (HMQ) gave [Pt(Q)(L)] (1) and [Pt(MQ)(L)] (2), which present mononuclear structures with their Pt(II) ions four-coordinated in square planar geometries. Their in vitro biological properties were evaluated by MTT assay, which showed a remarkable cytotoxic activity on the cancer cell lines. 1 shows higher cytotoxic activities on tumor cells such as T24, HeLa, A549, and NCI-H460 than complex 2 and cisplatin, with IC50 values <16 μM. Among them, an IC50 value of 3.6 ± 0.63 μM was found for complex 1 against T24 cells. It presented a tuning cytotoxic activity by substitution groups on 8-hydroxyquinoline skeleton. In our case, the substitution groups of -H are much superior to -CH3 against tumor cells. It revealed that both complexes can induce cell apoptosis by decreasing the potential of a mitochondrial membrane, enhancing reactive oxygen species and increasing Ca2+ levels of T24 cells. The T24 cell cycle can be arrested at G2 and G1 phases by complexes 1 and 2, respectively, with an upregulation for P21 and P27 expression levels and a down-regulation for cyclin A, CDK1, Cdc25A, and cyclin B expression levels. Furthermore, complex 1 exhibits satisfactory in vivo antitumor activity as revealed by the tumor inhibitory rate and the tumor weight change as well as by the cute toxicity assay and renal pathological examinations, which is close to cisplatin and much better than complex 2. All of these suggest that 1 might be a potential candidate for developing into a safe and effective anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P.R. China
- Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Liuzhou Institute of Technology, Liuzhou 545616, P.R. China
| | - Kaiyong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P.R. China
| | - Zilu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P.R. China
| | - Bo Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P.R. China
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P.R. China
| | - Yuning Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P.R. China
| | - Jianwen Xiong
- Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Liuzhou Institute of Technology, Liuzhou 545616, P.R. China
| | - Yubing Yang
- Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Liuzhou Institute of Technology, Liuzhou 545616, P.R. China
| | - JinYuan Cai
- Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Liuzhou Institute of Technology, Liuzhou 545616, P.R. China
| | - Fupei Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P.R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
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Dong C, Tian X, He F, Zhang J, Cui X, He Q, Si P, Shen Y. Integrative analysis of key candidate genes and signaling pathways in ovarian cancer by bioinformatics. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:92. [PMID: 34253236 PMCID: PMC8276467 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecological tumors, and among gynecological tumors, its incidence and mortality rates are fairly high. However, the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer is not clear. The present study aimed to investigate the differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways associated with ovarian cancer by bioinformatics analysis. Methods The data from three mRNA expression profiling microarrays (GSE14407, GSE29450, and GSE54388) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes between ovarian cancer tissues and normal tissues were identified using R software. The overlapping genes from the three GEO datasets were identified, and profound analysis was performed. The overlapping genes were used for pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis using the Metascape online tool. Protein–protein interactions were analyzed with the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING). Subnetwork models were selected using the plugin molecular complex detection (MCODE) application in Cytoscape. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to analyze the univariate survival outcomes of the hub genes. The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) were used to validate hub genes. Results In total, 708 overlapping genes were identified through analyses of the three microarray datasets (GSE14407, GSE29450, and GSE54388). These genes mainly participated in mitotic sister chromatid segregation, regulation of chromosome segregation and regulation of the cell cycle process. High CCNA2 expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS) and tumor stage. The expression of CDK1, CDC20, CCNB1, BUB1B, CCNA2, KIF11, CDCA8, KIF2C, NDC80 and TOP2A was increased in ovarian cancer tissues compared with normal tissues according to the Oncomine database. Higher expression levels of these seven candidate genes in ovarian cancer tissues compared with normal tissues were observed by GEPIA. The protein expression levels of CCNA2, CCNB1, CDC20, CDCA8, CDK1, KIF11 and TOP2A were high in ovarian cancer tissues, which was further confirmed via the HPA database. Conclusion Taken together, our study provided evidence concerning the altered expression of genes in ovarian cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. In vivo and in vitro experiments are required to verify the results of the present study. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13048-021-00837-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Dong
- Department of Clinical Lab, The Children's Hospital of Tianjin (Children's Hospital of Tianjin University), No. 238, Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300000, PR China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Clinical Lab, The Children's Hospital of Tianjin (Children's Hospital of Tianjin University), No. 238, Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300000, PR China
| | - Fucheng He
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Lab, The Children's Hospital of Tianjin (Children's Hospital of Tianjin University), No. 238, Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300000, PR China
| | - Xiaojian Cui
- Department of Clinical Lab, The Children's Hospital of Tianjin (Children's Hospital of Tianjin University), No. 238, Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300000, PR China
| | - Qin He
- Department of Clinical Lab, The Children's Hospital of Tianjin (Children's Hospital of Tianjin University), No. 238, Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300000, PR China
| | - Ping Si
- Department of Clinical Lab, The Children's Hospital of Tianjin (Children's Hospital of Tianjin University), No. 238, Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300000, PR China.
| | - Yongming Shen
- Department of Clinical Lab, The Children's Hospital of Tianjin (Children's Hospital of Tianjin University), No. 238, Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300000, PR China.
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Sun Y, Lu Y, Bian M, Yang Z, Ma X, Liu W. Pt(II) and Au(III) complexes containing Schiff-base ligands: A promising source for antitumor treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113098. [PMID: 33348237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effective application of cisplatin in the clinic as an antitumor treatment has stimulated widespread interest in inorganic metal drugs. In particular, complexes containing the transition metals platinum and gold have attracted considerable attention due to their antitumor effects. The Pt(II) and Au(III) Schiff-base complexes are potential antitumor agents because of their remarkable biological activities and good stability, lipophilicity, and electroluminescent properties. These complexes act via various antitumor mechanisms that are unlike those of the classic platinum drugs, providing a feasible solution for improving the serious side effects caused by metal chemotherapy. In this review, promising antitumor agents based on Pt(II) and Au(III) complexes containing Schiff-base ligands, and their biological targets, including G-quadruplex DNA and thioredoxin reductase, are comprehensively summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mianli Bian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhibin Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Banerjee S, Capper MS, Clarkson GJ, Huang H, Sadler PJ. Dual-action platinum(II) Schiff base complexes: Photocytotoxicity and cellular imaging. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Al-Khathami ND, Al-Rashdi KS, Babgi BA, Hussien MA, Nadeem Arshad M, Eltayeb NE, Elsilk SE, Lasri J, Basaleh AS, Al-Jahdali M. Spectroscopic and biological properties of platinum complexes derived from 2-pyridyl Schiff bases. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Anticancer Function and ROS-Mediated Multi-Targeting Anticancer Mechanisms of Copper (II) 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde Complexes. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142544. [PMID: 31336900 PMCID: PMC6680819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-targeting of oncoproteins by a single molecule represents an effectual, rational, and an alternative approach to target therapy. We carried out a systematic study to reveal the mechanisms of action of newly synthesized Cu2+ compounds of 2-naphthalenol and 1-(((2-pyridinylmethyl)imino)methyl)- (C1 and C2). The antiproliferative activity of the as-synthesized complexes in three human cancer cell lines indicates their potential as multi-targeted antitumor agents. Relatively, C1 and C2 showed better efficacy in vitro relative to Cisplatin and presented promising levels of toxicity against A-549 cells. On the whole, the Cu2+ complexes exhibited chemotherapeutic effects by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and arresting the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase by competent regulation of cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinases. Fascinatingly, the Cu2+ complexes were shown to activate the apoptotic and autophagic pathways in A-549 cells. These complexes effectively induced endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis, inhibited topoisomerase-1, and damaged cancer DNA through a ROS-mediated mechanism. The synthesized Cu2+ complexes established ROS-mediated targeting of multiple cell signaling pathways as a fabulous route for the inhibition of cancer cell growth.
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Jiang Y, Lyu T, Che X, Jia N, Li Q, Feng W. Overexpression of SMYD3 in Ovarian Cancer is Associated with Ovarian Cancer Proliferation and Apoptosis via Methylating H3K4 and H4K20. J Cancer 2019; 10:4072-4084. [PMID: 31417652 PMCID: PMC6692630 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epigenetic regulation has been verified as a key mechanism in tumorigenesis. SET and MYND domain-containing protein 3 (SMYD3), a histone methyltransferase, is a promising epigenetic therapeutic target and is overexpressed in numerous human tumors. SMYD3 can promote oncogenic progression by methylating lysines to integrate cytoplasmic kinase signaling cascades or by methylating histone lysines to regulate specific gene transcription. However, the exact role of SMYD3 in the progression of ovarian cancer is still unknown. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was employed to test SMYD3 expression in ovarian cancer tissues from clinical patients. CCK-8 assay, Real-time cell analysis (RTCA), colony formation assay, cell cycle and apoptosis tested by Flow cytometer were employed to test the effects of SMYD3 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell lines. A PCR array was used to identify the downstream targets of SMYD3. And, PCR and Western blot were used to verify their expression. The binding of SMYD3 on the promoter of target genes were tested by ChIP assays. We also use nude mice subcutaneous tumor model and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model to investigate the tumor promotive function of SMYD3 in vivo. Results: SMYD3 expression was higher in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines than in normal ovarian epithelial tissue and human ovarian surface epithelial cells (HOSEpiC). After silencing SMYD3, the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells was significantly inhibited in vitro. In addition, the SMYD3-specific small-molecule inhibitor BCI-121 suppressed ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Downregulation of SMYD3 led to S phase arrest and increased the cell apoptosis rate. Furthermore, a PCR array revealed that SMYD3 knockdown caused the upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors CDKN2A (p16INK4), CDKN2B (p15INK4B), CDKN3 and CDC25A, which may be responsible for the S phase arrest. In addition, the upregulation of CD40LG and downregulation of BIRC3 may explain the increased cell apoptosis rate after silencing SMYD3. We also discovered that SMYD3 bound on the promoter of CDKN2A and down-regulated its expression by triple-methylating H4K20. In addition, SMYD3 bound on the promoter of BIRC3 and up-regulated its expression by triple-methylating H3K4. Finally, knocking down SMYD3 could inhibit ovarian cancer growth in nude mice subcutaneous tumor model and PDX model. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that SMYD3 was overexpressed in ovarian cancer and contributes to the regulation of tumor proliferation and apoptosis via SMYD3-H4K20me3-CDKN2A pathway and SMYD3-H3K4me3-BIRC3 pathway. Thus, SMYD3 is a promising epigenetic therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine - Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011. China
| | - Tianjiao Lyu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine - Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011. China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University , School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaoxia Che
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine - Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011. China
| | - Nan Jia
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine - Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011. China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine - Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011. China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011. China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University , School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
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Raising the bar in anticancer therapy: recent advances in, and perspectives on, telomerase inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1370-1388. [PMID: 31136800 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase is a ribonucleic reverse transcriptase enzyme that uses an integral RNA component as a template to add tandem telomeric DNA repeats, TTAGGG, at the 3' end of the chromosomes. 85-90% of human tumors and their derived cell lines predominantly express high levels of telomerase, therefore contributing to cancer cell development. However, in normal cells, telomerase activity is almost always absent except in germ cells and stem cells. This differential expression has been exploited to develop highly specific and potent cancer therapeutics. In this review, we outline recent advances in the development of telomerase inhibitors as anticancer agents.
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