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Saabna N, Keasar T. Parasitoids for biological control in dryland agroecosystems. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 64:101226. [PMID: 38944273 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on biological control interactions in arid areas and is motivated by the need to devise sustainable agricultural practices for a warming and drying world. Parasitoids, important natural enemies of crop pests, are diverse and abundant in natural arid habitats. Dryland croplands, which are usually irrigated, are also rich in local parasitoids. Nevertheless, biological control projects in arid croplands mostly involve imported parasitoids (classical biological control) rather than the conservation of native species. Dryland parasitoids experience heat, drought, low relative humidity, sparse vegetation, and low host densities. Heat resistance combines local genetic adaptations, behavioral and physiological flexibility, and microbial symbioses, but how parasitoids cope with other aridity-related challenges is insufficiently understood. How dryland conditions impact host-parasitoid population dynamics also requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah Saabna
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Keasar
- Department of Biology, University of Haifa - Oranim, Israel.
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Smith CM, Griffin MP, Fadamiro HY, Appel AG. Toxicity of cockroach gel baits to the oothecal parasitoid Aprostocetus hagenowii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and implications for cockroach integrated pest management. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024:toae157. [PMID: 38984892 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Aprostocetus hagenowii (Ratzeburg) is a parasitoid wasp that parasitizes the oothecae of peridomestic pest cockroaches. A. hagenowii has been used in integrated pest management (IPM) programs for cockroach control but little is known about how this parasitoid responds to the insecticides commonly used for cockroach management. Five insecticidal gel bait products containing indoxacarb, clothianidin, fipronil, dinotefuran, or abamectin B1 were tested for their toxicity towards A. hagenowii and the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.; Blattodea: Blattidae), a host of A. hagenowii and a common pest. All baits were tested as fresh and 1-d aged deposits. Indoxacarb was the only active ingredient that did not cause significant (P < 0.05) A. hagenowii mortality compared to the control in both the fresh and aged gel experiments (Median survival time [MST]s: 168 h fresh, 72 h aged). Clothianidin caused the lowest A. hagenowii MSTs across experiments (24 h, fresh and aged). All baits caused significant P. americana mortality as fresh and 1-d aged deposits (P < 0.05). Indoxacarb appears most compatible with A. hagenowii in cockroach IPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Smith
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Troy University, Troy, AL 36802-0001, USA
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5413, USA
| | - Madeline P Griffin
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5413, USA
| | - Henry Y Fadamiro
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2475, USA
| | - Arthur G Appel
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5413, USA
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Peñalver-Cruz A, Satour P, Jaloux B, Lavandero B. Honeydew Is a Food Source and a Contact Kairomone for Aphelinus mali. INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14050426. [PMID: 37233054 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Many parasitoids need to feed on sugar sources at the adult stage. Although nectar has been proven to be a source of higher nutritional quality compared to honeydew excreted by phloem feeders, the latter can provide the necessary carbohydrates for parasitoids and increase their longevity, fecundity and host searching time. Honeydew is not only a trophic resource for parasitoids, but it can also constitute an olfactory stimulus involved in host searching. In this study, we combined longevity measurements in the laboratory, olfactometry and feeding history inference of individuals caught in the field to test the hypothesis that honeydew excreted by the aphid Eriosoma lanigerum could serve as a trophic resource for its parasitoid Aphelinus mali as well as a kairomone used by the parasitoid to discover its hosts. Results indicate that honeydew increased longevity of A. mali females if water was provided. Water could be necessary to feed on this food source because of its viscosity and its coating by wax. The presence of honeydew allowed longer stinging events by A. mali on E. lanigerum. However, no preference towards honeydew was observed, when given the choice. The role of honeydew excreted by E. lanigerum on A. mali feeding and searching behavior to increase its efficiency as a biological control agent is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Peñalver-Cruz
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (IRTA)-Campus de la Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària (ETSEA), Protecció Vegetal Sostenible, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Pascale Satour
- IRHS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université d'Angers, 49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Bruno Jaloux
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Blas Lavandero
- Laboratorio de Control Biológico, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
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D’Ottavio M, Boquel S, Labrie G, Lucas E. Landscape Effects on the Cabbage Seedpod Weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and on Its Parasitoid, Trichomalus perfectus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), in Canola. INSECTS 2023; 14:327. [PMID: 37103142 PMCID: PMC10145420 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The cabbage seedpod weevil (CSW), Ceutorhynchus obstrictus, an exotic pest accidentally introduced in North America in 1931, spread all over this continent and is now a major pest of canola crops. One of its main natural enemies in Europe, Trichomalus perfectus, was observed in eastern Canada in 2009. This study aimed to evaluate the landscape influence on CSW infestation and abundance and on T. perfectus parasitism in Quebec to understand the optimal conditions to potentially release this parasitoid in the Canadian Prairies. Field research was conducted in 19 to 28 canola fields per year, from 2015 to 2020, among eight Quebec regions. CSW was sampled by sweep net during canola blooming and parasitoids by collecting canola pods kept in emergence boxes until adults emerge. Infestation and parasitism calculations were based on pod emergence holes. For analysis, 20 landscape predictors were considered. Results show that CSW infestation and abundance increased if there were more roads and cereal crops in the landscapes. Meanwhile, T. perfectus parasitism decreased when hedgerows length and distance from water were longer. However, it increased when landscape diversity and average crop perimeter-to-area ratio were higher, and along with more hay/pastures and soybean crops. This study's results highlight that these four landscape predictors could provide more resources and overwintering areas, promoting greater efficiency of T. perfectus to control the CSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie D’Ottavio
- Laboratoire de Lutte Biologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Sébastien Boquel
- Centre de Recherche Sur Les Grains Inc. (CÉROM), 740, Chemin Trudeau, Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, QC J3G 0E2, Canada
| | - Geneviève Labrie
- Centre de Recherche Agroalimentaire de Mirabel (CRAM), 9850, Rue Belle-Rivière, Mirabel, QC J7N 2X8, Canada
| | - Eric Lucas
- Laboratoire de Lutte Biologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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Tarusikirwa VL, Cuthbert RN, Mutamiswa R, Gotcha N, Nyamukondiwa C. Water Balance and Desiccation Tolerance of the Invasive South American Tomato Pinworm. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:1743-1751. [PMID: 34231839 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and dehydration stress are two major co-occurring environmental stressors threatening the physiology, biochemistry, and ecology of insects. As such, understanding adaptive responses to desiccation stress is critical for predicting climate change impacts, particularly its influence on insect invasions. Here, we assessed water balance and desiccation resistance of the invasive Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), and infer how eco-physiology shapes its niche. We measured basal body water and lipid content, water loss rates (WLRs), and desiccation resistance in larvae (second to fourth instars) and adults. Body -water, -lipid, and WLRs significantly varied across life stages. Second instars recorded the lowest while fourth instars exhibited the highest body water and lipid content. Adult body water and lipid content were higher than second and third instars and lower than fourth instars while proportion of body water and lipid contents were highest in adults and second larval instars respectively. Water loss rates were significantly highest in fourth-instar larvae compared to other life stages, but differences among stages were less apparent at longer exposure durations (48 h). Desiccation resistance assays showed that second instars had greatest mortality while fourth-instar larvae and adults were the most desiccation tolerant. Our results show that T. absoluta fourth-instar larvae and adults are the most resilient developmental stages and potentially contribute most to the invasion success of the pest in arid environments. Incorporation of these species-specific eco-physiological traits in predictive models can help refine invasive species potential spread under changing climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimbai L Tarusikirwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, P. Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Ross N Cuthbert
- GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Reyard Mutamiswa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Nonofo Gotcha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, P. Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, P. Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
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Bezerra Da Silva CS, Price BE, Walton VM. Water-Deprived Parasitic Wasps (Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae) Kill More Pupae of a Pest (Drosophila suzukii) as a Water-Intake Strategy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3592. [PMID: 30837618 PMCID: PMC6400901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most organisms must ingest water to compensate for dehydration. In parasitic wasps, the importance of water and the behaviors driving its consumption are poorly understood. Here, we describe a water-intake strategy of Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae, a parasitoid of spotted-wing drosophila (SWD, Drosophila suzukii). Longevity measurements indicated that P. vindemmiae benefits from drinking water and from host-feeding on the water-rich hemolymph of SWD pupae. After exposing wasps to different water regimens, we observed increased host-feeding in water-deprived wasps despite honey availability. This resulted in greater SWD mortality because the host-feeding process killed the pupae, and because wasps that engaged in greater host-feeding parasitized more hosts. Behavioral observations showed that the host-feeding time of water-deprived wasps doubled compared to water-fed individuals. Host-feeding did not affect parasitoid offspring mortality. We conclude that P. vindemmiae benefits from ingesting water and that it host-feeds on SWD pupae as a water-intake strategy. These are interesting findings not only because water has rarely been reported as a critical nutrient for adult parasitoids, but especially because preying for the purpose of hydration is not a common strategy in nature. This strategy enhances parasitoid survival and reproduction, with positive consequences for its host-killing capacity and potential as a biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherre Sade Bezerra Da Silva
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 4017 Agricultural and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
- Embrapa Algodão, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 1143, Campina Grande, PB, 58428-095, Brazil.
| | - Briana Elizabeth Price
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 4017 Agricultural and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Vaughn M Walton
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 4017 Agricultural and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Using eco-physiological traits to understand the realized niche: the role of desiccation tolerance in Chagas disease vectors. Oecologia 2017; 185:607-618. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Tee HS, Lee CY. Influences of Temperature and Ootheca Age on the Life History of the Cockroach Ootheca Parasitoid Aprostocetus hagenowii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:213-220. [PMID: 28028170 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The influences of ootheca age and temperature on the life history of Aprostocetus hagenowii (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a gregarious ootheca parasitoid of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattidae), were evaluated. Oothecae were incubated at 20, 25, and 30 °C to produce oothecae aged 1-60, 1-40, and 1-30 d old, respectively. Fitness traits (development time, percentage emergence, number of progeny, percentage female progeny, and female body size) of A. hagenowii developing in these different-aged oothecae were determined. For oothecae incubated at 20, 25, and 30 °C, parasitoids successfully developed in oothecae aged up to 50, 30, and 20 d old, which represent 72.9%, 65.9%, and 61.9% of the total embryonic development time of P. americana, respectively, without any changes in their fitness traits. When A. hagenowii from oothecae kept at constant temperatures (20, 25, 30, 32, and 35 °C) were compared, the immature development time (71.0-34.0 d) and adult life span decreased with increasing temperature. No parasitoid emerged at 35 °C. The lower, upper, and optimal temperature-dependent developmental thresholds were 9.5, 34.2, and 31.1 °C, respectively. Thermal constant for total immature development was 666.7 degree-days. Temperature did not affect lifetime realized fecundity and number of oothecae parasitized by females but did influence parasitism activities over time. Sugar-fed females sustained longer periods of high parasitism rates (≥70%) at 20-30 °C (15-30 d) than at 32-35 °C (1-5 d). These results are useful for determining the ootheca age and temperature range optimal for parasitoid rearing and for estimating the effectiveness of biological control by the wasps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Siang Tee
- Urban Entomology Laboratory, Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Water Quality Management and Modeling Division, Catchment and Waterways Department, Public Utilities Board, Singapore
| | - Chow-Yang Lee
- Urban Entomology Laboratory, Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Corresponding author
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