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Liu Y, Francis RA, Wooster MJ, Grosvenor MJ, Yan S, Roberts G. Systematic Mapping and Review of Landscape Fire Smoke (LFS) Exposure Impacts on Insects. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:871-884. [PMID: 36130330 PMCID: PMC9585373 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Landscape fire activity is changing in many regions because of climate change. Smoke emissions from landscape fires contain many harmful air pollutants, and beyond the potential hazard posed to human health, these also have ecological impacts. Insects play essential roles in most ecosystems worldwide, and some work suggests they may also be sensitive to smoke exposure. There is therefore a need for a comprehensive review of smoke impacts on insects. We systematically reviewed the scientific literature from 1930 to 2022 to synthesize the current state of knowledge of the impacts of smoke exposure from landscape fires on the development, behavior, and mortality of insects. We found: (1) 42 relevant studies that met our criteria, with 29% focused on the United States of America and 19% on Canada; (2) of these, 40 insect species were discussed, all of which were sensitive to smoke pollution; (3) most of the existing research focuses on how insect behavior responds to landscape fire smoke (LFS); (4) species react differently to smoke exposure, with for example some species being attracted to the smoke (e.g., some beetles) while others are repelled (e.g., some bees). This review consolidates the current state of knowledge on how smoke impacts insects and highlights areas that may need further investigation. This is particularly relevant since smoke impacts on insect communities will likely worsen in some areas due to increasing levels of biomass burning resulting from the joint pressures of climate change, land use change, and more intense land management involving fire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Department of Geography, King’s College London, Bush House, 40 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment and Society, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Robert A Francis
- Department of Geography, King’s College London, Bush House, 40 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
| | - Martin J Wooster
- Department of Geography, King’s College London, Bush House, 40 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment and Society, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- NERC National Centre for Earth Observation, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Mark J Grosvenor
- Department of Geography, King’s College London, Bush House, 40 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment and Society, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- NERC National Centre for Earth Observation, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Su Yan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial CollegeLondon, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Gareth Roberts
- Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Fleischer J, Rausch A, Dietze K, Erler S, Cassau S, Krieger J. A small number of male-biased candidate pheromone receptors are expressed in large subsets of the olfactory sensory neurons in the antennae of drones from the European honey bee Apis mellifera. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:749-766. [PMID: 34346151 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the European honey bee (Apis mellifera), the olfactory system is essential for foraging and intraspecific communication via pheromones. Honey bees are equipped with a large repertoire of olfactory receptors belonging to the insect odorant receptor (OR) family. Previous studies have indicated that the transcription level of a few OR types including OR11, a receptor activated by the queen-released pheromone compound (2E)-9-oxodecenoic acid (9-ODA), is significantly higher in the antenna of males (drones) than in female workers. However, the number and distribution of antennal cells expressing male-biased ORs is elusive. Here, we analyzed antennal sections from bees by in situ hybridization for the expression of the male-biased receptors OR11, OR18, and OR170. Our results demonstrate that these receptors are expressed in only moderate numbers of cells in the antennae of females (workers and queens), whereas substantially higher cell numbers express these ORs in drones. Thus, the reported male-biased transcript levels are due to sex-specific differences in the number of antennal cells expressing these receptors. Detailed analyses for OR11 and OR18 in drone antennae revealed expression in two distinct subsets of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that in total account for approximately 69% of the OR-positive cells. Such high percentages of OSNs expressing given receptors are reminiscent of male-biased ORs in moths that mediate the detection of female-released sex pheromone components. Collectively, our findings indicate remarkable similarities between male antennae of bees and moths and support the concept that male-biased ORs in bee drones serve the detection of female-emitted sex pheromones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Fleischer
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Department of Animal Physiology, Halle (Saale)
| | - Alexander Rausch
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Department of Animal Physiology, Halle (Saale)
| | - Kathrin Dietze
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Department of Animal Physiology, Halle (Saale)
| | - Silvio Erler
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sina Cassau
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Department of Animal Physiology, Halle (Saale)
| | - Jürgen Krieger
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Department of Animal Physiology, Halle (Saale)
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Detection of Tree Decline (Pinus pinaster Aiton) in European Forests Using Sentinel-2 Data. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14092028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Moderate-resolution satellite imagery is essential to detect conifer tree decline on a regional scale and address the threat caused by pinewood nematode (PWN), (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. This is a quarantine organism responsible for pine wilt disease (PWD), which has caused substantial ecological and economic losses in the maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) forests of Portugal. This study describes the first instance of a pre-operational algorithm applied to Sentinel-2 imagery to detect PWD-compatible decline in maritime pine. The Random Forest model relied on a pre-wilting and an in-season image, calibrated with data from a 24-month long field campaign enhanced with Worldview-3 data and the analysis of biological samples (hyperspectral reflectance, pigment quantification in needles, and PWN identification). Independent validation results attested to the good performance of the model with an overall accuracy of 95%, particularly when decline affects more than 30% of the 100 m2 pixel of Sentinel-2. Spectral angle mapper applied to hyperspectral measurements suggested that PWN infection cannot be separated from other drivers of decline in the visible-near infrared domain. Our algorithm can be employed to detect regional decline trends and inform subsequent aerial and field surveys, to further investigate decline hotspots.
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Álvarez-Ramón ÓI, Peréz-De la Cruz M, Magaña-Alejandro MA, Oporto-Peregrino S, Gerónimo-Torres JDC. Diversidad y fluctuación anual de cerambícidos (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) en una selva tropical del sureste de México. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2021. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v27n1.89421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Se estimó la diversidad y fluctuación anual de cerambícidos asociados al borde e interior de una selva tropical. La captura de insectos se realizó con trampas de intercepción cebadas con alcohol etílico y luz ultravioleta como atrayente. Se recolectaron 295 especímenes de tres subfamilias, pertenecientes a 56 especies de 38 géneros. Lamiinae fue la subfamilia con mayor riqueza, con 40 especies distribuidas en 20 géneros, para Cerambycinae se recolectaron 14 especies de 12 géneros y para Parandrinae dos especies de un género. El género con mayor abundancia fue Leptostylus con ocho especies. Se identificaron seis especies como nuevos registros para México y 29 para Tabasco. En el borde de la selva se recolectaron 155 especímenes de dos subfamilias, pertenecientes a 37 especies de 26 géneros. En el interior se recolectaron 140 especímenes de tres subfamilias pertenecientes a 36 especies de 26 géneros. Se determinó que las comunidades comparten 17 especies. El mayor valor de diversidad verdadera se obtuvo en el borde con 15,96 y la menor en el interior con 12,69. Se determinó que los valores de Δ, Δ* y Δ+ implican una baja separación filogenética entre las especies de cerambícidos en ambas comunidades. La fluctuación temporal de la comunidad de cerambícidos presentó los máximos valores de abundancia en febrero, mayo y agosto, meses donde se registra una reducción en la precipitación. Finalmente, la curva de acumulación de especies aún no presenta una asíntota, por lo que se podría incrementar los nuevos registros
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Aldehyde-specific responses of olfactory sensory neurons in the praying mantis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1856. [PMID: 33473161 PMCID: PMC7817670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although praying mantises rely mainly on vision for predatory behaviours, olfaction also plays a critical role in feeding and mating behaviours. However, the receptive processes underlying olfactory signals remain unclear. Here, we identified olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that are highly tuned to detect aldehydes in the mantis Tenodera aridifolia. In extracellular recordings from OSNs in basiconic sensilla on the antennae, we observed three different spike shapes, indicating that at least three OSNs are housed in a single basiconic sensillum. Unexpectedly, one of the three OSNs exhibited strong excitatory responses to a set of aldehydes. Based on the similarities of the response spectra to 15 different aldehydes, the aldehyde-specific OSNs were classified into three classes: B, S, and M. Class B broadly responded to most aldehydes used as stimulants; class S responded to short-chain aldehydes (C3–C7); and class M responded to middle-length chain aldehydes (C6–C9). Thus, aldehyde molecules can be finely discriminated based on the activity patterns of a population of OSNs. Because many insects emit aldehydes for pheromonal communication, mantises might use aldehydes as olfactory cues for locating prey habitat.
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A wake-up call for sleepy lizards: the olfactory-driven response of Tiliqua rugosa (Reptilia: Squamata: Sauria) to smoke and its implications for fire avoidance behavior. J ETHOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-019-00628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Di Palma A, Pistillo M, Griffo R, Garonna AP, Germinara GS. Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Antennal Sensilla and Their Secretion Analysis in Adults of Aromia bungii (Faldermann, 1835) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). INSECTS 2019; 10:E88. [PMID: 30925753 PMCID: PMC6523298 DOI: 10.3390/insects10040088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been proved that chemical signals play an important role in mating location and reproductive behavior in cerambycids; moreover, they rely on contact chemoreception for mate recognition. METHODS Adult antennae of Aromia bungii were observed using scanning electron microscopy and adult antennal secretions were collected and analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Twelve different types of sensilla were morphologically described on the antennae of A. bungii. At least six mechanoreceptors-one gustative, one putative chemo- or thermoreceptor, and three multiporous olfactory receptors-are present on the antennae of both sexes while a receptor-type of unclear function is limited to males. Secretions associated with sensilla basiconica were observed for the first time in a cerambycid species. CONCLUSIONS Sensilla basiconica should play a role in odor perception detecting host tree volatiles and/or pheromones. Sensilla basiconica type 1 and 2 produce a viscous material accumulating on the antennal surface. Chemical analysis of adult antennal secretions highlighted marked differences between sexes. Some of the identified compounds have been previously reported as contact pheromone components of other cerambycid species. Our observations strongly suggest sensilla basiconica as the production sites of compounds involved in mate recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Palma
- Department of the Science of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Marco Pistillo
- Department of the Science of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Griffo
- Plant Protection Service of Campania Region, Centro Direzionale, Isola A6, 80124 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonio P Garonna
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Giacinto S Germinara
- Department of the Science of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
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Fleischer J, Krieger J. Insect Pheromone Receptors - Key Elements in Sensing Intraspecific Chemical Signals. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:425. [PMID: 30515079 PMCID: PMC6255830 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheromones are chemicals that serve intraspecific communication. In animals, the ability to detect and discriminate pheromones in a complex chemical environment substantially contributes to the survival of the species. Insects widely use pheromones to attract mating partners, to alarm conspecifics or to mark paths to rich food sources. The various functional roles of pheromones for insects are reflected by the chemical diversity of pheromonal compounds. The precise detection of the relevant intraspecific signals is accomplished by specialized chemosensory neurons housed in hair-like sensilla located on the surface of body appendages. Current data indicate that the extraordinary sensitivity and selectivity of the pheromone-responsive neurons (PRNs) is largely based on specific pheromone receptors (PRs) residing in their ciliary membrane. Besides these key elements, proper ligand-induced responses of PR-expressing neurons appear to generally require a putative co-receptor, the so-called "sensory neuron membrane protein 1" (SNMP1). Regarding the PR-mediated chemo-electrical signal transduction processes in insect PRNs, ionotropic as well as metabotropic mechanisms may be involved. In this review, we summarize and discuss current knowledge on the peripheral detection of pheromones in the olfactory system of insects with a focus on PRs and their specific role in the recognition and transduction of volatile intraspecific chemical signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Fleischer
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jürgen Krieger
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Koltz AM, Burkle LA, Pressler Y, Dell JE, Vidal MC, Richards LA, Murphy SM. Global change and the importance of fire for the ecology and evolution of insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 29:110-116. [PMID: 30551816 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is drastically altering global fire regimes, which may affect the structure and function of insect communities. Insect responses to fire are strongly tied to fire history, plant responses, and changes in species interactions. Many insects already possess adaptive traits to survive fire or benefit from post-fire resources, which may result in community composition shifting toward habitat and dietary generalists as well as species with high dispersal abilities. However, predicting community-level resilience of insects is inherently challenging due to the high degree of spatiotemporal and historical heterogeneity of fires, diversity of insect life histories, and potential interactions with other global change drivers. Future work should incorporate experimental approaches that specifically consider spatiotemporal variability and regional fire history in order to integrate eco-evolutionary processes in understanding insect responses to fire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Koltz
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Laura A Burkle
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Yamina Pressler
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, 1499 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jane E Dell
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Mayra C Vidal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, 2050 E Iliff Ave, Boettcher West, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Lora A Richards
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Shannon M Murphy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, 2050 E Iliff Ave, Boettcher West, Denver, CO 80210, USA.
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Hanks LM, Millar JG. Sex and Aggregation-Sex Pheromones of Cerambycid Beetles: Basic Science and Practical Applications. J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:631-54. [PMID: 27501814 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0733-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Research since 2004 has shown that the use of volatile attractants and pheromones is widespread in the large beetle family Cerambycidae, with pheromones now identified from more than 100 species, and likely pheromones for many more. The pheromones identified to date from species in the subfamilies Cerambycinae, Spondylidinae, and Lamiinae are all male-produced aggregation-sex pheromones that attract both sexes, whereas all known examples for species in the subfamilies Prioninae and Lepturinae are female-produced sex pheromones that attract only males. Here, we summarize the chemistry of the known pheromones, and the optimal methods for their collection, analysis, and synthesis. Attraction of cerambycids to host plant volatiles, interactions between their pheromones and host plant volatiles, and the implications of pheromone chemistry for invasion biology are discussed. We also describe optimized traps, lures, and operational parameters for practical applications of the pheromones in detection, sampling, and management of cerambycids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Departments of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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