1
|
Gao Y, Chen CY, Cao Z, Yuan RQ, Chang LR, Li T, Si LJ, Yan DC, Li F. Development of a duplex PCR for the simultaneous detection of EHP and IHHNV and analysis of the correlation between these two pathogens. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 201:108013. [PMID: 37923117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.108013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) is one of the linearly single-stranded DNA viruses. Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei (EHP) is an intracellular parasitic microsporidian. IHHNV and EHP are pathogens that have been widely prevalent in shrimp farming. Both of them are associated with growth retardation of the penaeid shrimp, which causes serious economic losses to shrimp farming. Shrimp can be co-infected with IHHNV and EHP. In this study, a rapid duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed and optimized for the simultaneous detection of EHP and IHHNV. The detection limit of the duplex PCR could reach 1.5 × 102 copies for EHP and IHHNV. A total of 578 Litopenaeus vannamei samples were detected by the established duplex PCR detection method. The results suggested that 398 samples were infected with EHP, 362 samples were infected with IHHNV, and 265 samples were co-infected with EHP and IHHNV. The case-control analysis of the detected shrimp samples showed a certain synergistic effect between EHP and IHHNV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Cai-Yi Chen
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Zheng Cao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Ru-Qing Yuan
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Lin-Rui Chang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Ling-Jun Si
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Dong-Chun Yan
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China; Yantai Engineering Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Characteristic Marine Organisms, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China.
| | - Fan Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang L, Liu K, Liu M, Hu J, Bao Z, Wang M. Development of a real-time enzymatic recombinase amplification assay for rapid detection of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) in shrimp Penaeus vannamei. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 201:108024. [PMID: 37992986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.108024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) is classified as a reportable crustacean disease by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), which causes poor growth in Penaeus vannamei. According to genome sequence alignment analysis, enzymatic recombinase amplification (ERA) primers and probe were designed based on the ORF1 region of IHHNV, and a real-time ERA assay for IHHNV detection (IHHNV-ERA) was established. The experimental results show that IHHNV-F2/IHHNV-R2 and IHHNV-Probe can effectively amplify the target gene, and the sensitivity is 1.4 × 101 copies/μL within 14.97 ± 0.19 min, while the qPCR using primers 309F/309R could reach the detection limit of 1.4 × 101 copies/μL within 21.76 ± 0.63 min, and the sensitivity results of one-step PCR could be as low as 1.4 copies/μL with expense of time and false positives. The IHHNV-ERA system can effectively amplify the target gene at 42 ℃ within 20 min, and has no cross-reaction with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei (EHP), Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (VpAHPND), and healthy shrimp genomic DNA. Test results of practical samples showed that the detection rate of IHHNV-ERA (18/20) was better than the industrial standard qPCR assay (17/20). Compared with the existing technology, the useful results of this detection assay are: (1) get rid of the dependence on the thermal cycle instrument in the PCR process; (2) the experimental procedure is simple, time-consuming and fast; (3) the detection sensitivity is high. This study provides an ERA based detection assay for IHHNV, which can be used not only for the rapid detection of IHHNV infection, but also for the field screening of pathogens. This assay can also be applied to clinical inspection, customs detection, enterprise quality inspection and other fields, and has obvious practical application value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Mengran Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572024, China.
| | - Jingjie Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Xu J, Yu J, Si L, Chang L, Li T, Yan D. Identification of CCCH-type zinc finger antiviral protein 1 (ZAP) gene from Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei): Characterization and expression analysis in response to viral infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108948. [PMID: 37453491 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Zinc-finger proteins (ZFPs) are a huge family that exert multiple roles in the cells. ZFPs could be divided into nine types based on the numbers and positions of conserved Cys and His residues, in which CCCH-type ZFP was one of the most widely studied types. CCCH-type zinc finger antiviral protein 1 (ZAP), a CCCH-type ZFP that can inhibit the replication of certain RNA viruses and DNA viruses by mediating degradation of viral RNA and repressing mRNA translation, plays significant roles in the host innate immune defenses against viral infections. Presently, there have been numerous reports investigating the antiviral ability of ZAP, while no data is available about ZAP gene in the species of shrimps or even crustaceans. In this study, a novel protein containing CCCH-type zinc finger motifs (ZnF-CCCH), CCCH-type zinc finger antiviral protein 1 (ZAP) gene, was identified from Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) and its role in antiviral immunity was further investigated. Similar to mammalian ZAPs, in addition to ZnF-CCCH, PvZAP also possesses central WWE domains and C-terminal PARP domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PvZAP was close to that of the crustacean Pacific oyster, separating from the cluster of vertebrate ZAP proteins. Upon in vivo infection by IHHNV, gene expression of PvZAP was strongly up-regulated in the hepatopancreas and gills of both adult and juvenile shrimps, where adult individuals showed higher fold changes of up-regulation than in juvenile individuals. These results suggested that PvZAP might play an important role in the innate immune defense of Pacific white shrimp against IHHNV infection. This allows us to gain new insights into the immunological function of ZAP in the innate immunity of shrimp species and even crustaceans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Jiyue Yu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Lingjun Si
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Linrui Chang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China.
| | - Dongchun Yan
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu F, Wei Y, Lu J, Chen J. Prevalence of Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) in Farmed Procambarus clarkii of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Pathogens 2023; 12:1038. [PMID: 37623998 PMCID: PMC10459460 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Procambarus clarkii is an important economic aquaculture species worldwide. Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) infects numerous crustacean hosts, including P. clarkii. However, there have been few reports on the prevalence of IHHNV in P. clarkii. In this study, 200 farmed P. clarkii were collected from Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Hubei, and Sichuan provinces in China. PCR detection was employed per the protocol by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) to identify and detect the presence of IHHNV. The positive rate of IHHNV in different provinces ranged from 16.7 to 56.7%, and the overall IHHNV-positive rate was 38.5%. IHHNV strains isolated in this study related closely to infectious IHHNV and split into two major distinct branches. Besides, the IHHNV strains shared a high homology (93.4-99.4%). These findings suggest that a high prevalence of IHHNV was established in farmed P. clarkii in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Central Laboratory of the Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yongwei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jianfei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hou ZH, Gao Y, Wang JJ, Chen CY, Chang LR, Li T, Si LJ, Li F, Yan DC. Study of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) infection in different organs of Penaeus vannamei. J Invertebr Pathol 2023:107952. [PMID: 37307944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) is a major viral pathogen in cultured shrimp. It is generally believed that the target organs of IHHNV in shrimp include tissues of ectodermal and mesodermal origin, but do not normally include organ systems of endodermal origin, such as hepatopancreas. In this study, the feeding challenge of IHHNV in different organs (pleopods, muscles, gills, and hepatopancreas) of Penaeus vannamei was studied. The PCR results showed that hepatopancreas of P. vannamei had the strongest IHHNV positivity (100% positive, 19.4 copies/mg) in the feeding challenge experiment. Gills and pleopods had similar infectivity to IHHNV (86.7% positive, 10.6 and 10.5 copies/mg). Among the four organs tested in this study, the IHHNV positivity of muscles was the weakest (33.3% positive, 4.7 copies/mg). The IHHNV infection to hepatopancreas of P. vannamei was also histological confirmed. Our current data indicated that the shrimp tissues derived from the endoderm such as hepatopancreas could also be infected by IHHNV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Hou
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Cai-Yi Chen
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Lin-Rui Chang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Ling-Jun Si
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Fan Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, PR China
| | - Dong-Chun Yan
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China; Yantai engineering laboratory of development and utilization of characteristic marine organisms, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maralit BA, Genavia SF. Prevalence and phylogenetics of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) in market-sold Litopenaeus vannamei in Luzon, Philippines. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2022; 150:145-151. [PMID: 35979988 DOI: 10.3354/dao03680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) is a World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)-classified notifiable crustacean disease. There is limited information on the current status of IHHNV in the Philippines. Thus, this research focuses on collecting samples from various municipality markets of known shrimp producers in Central Luzon to provide an update on the status of IHHNV. These samples were subjected to IHHNV detection using PCR. Results showed that 56 out of the 276 (~20%) samples were positive for IHHNV. This indicates that IHHNV persists in Philippine shrimps despite preventive measures such as testing of broodstock. Furthermore, the sequences of the isolates acquired from different municipalities reveal a high degree of similarity, suggesting transboundary movement of the infection. Our findings also support research that demonstrated a strong link between IHHNV strains in the western hemisphere and those in the Philippines. Our data suggest that farm-monitoring processes must be tightened and strictly implemented to prevent the spread of IHHNV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedict A Maralit
- DNA Sequencing Core Facility, Philippine Genome Center, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang N, Xu J, Gao Y, Cao Z, Si L, Chang L, Li T, Yan D. Transcriptome analysis of IHHNV infection in Penaeus vannamei at different developmental stages. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:329-339. [PMID: 35760280 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) is the smallest known virus in shrimp, which causes runt-deformity syndrome (RDS) and leads to huge economic loss every year in penaeid shrimp farming. Previous studies have shown that the juvenile Penaeus vannamei is more susceptible to IHHNV infection than the adults, but the mechanism is still unclear. In order to investigate the mechanism of pathogenic differences in IHHNV infection of P. vannamei at different developmental stages, the juvenile and adult P. vannamei were studied by transcriptome high-throughput sequencing to analyze their response to IHHNV infection. GO and KEGG enrichment were analyzed to search for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to immunity, growth and metabolism. The results showed that many immune-related genes of the juvenile and adult P. vannamei responded differently to IHHNV infection. For the adult P. vannamei, the expression of most immune-related genes was significantly up-regulated, which means that a cellular defense response was triggered after IHHNV infection. However, most immune-related genes in juvenile P. vannamei were inhibited, indicating that the immune system of juvenile the P. vannamei is imperfect and makes it to be more susceptible to IHHNV. Similarly, the growth-related genes of P. vannamei were changed during IHHNV infection. For the juvenile P. vannamei, the growth-related genes were significantly down-regulated, which resulted in a growth hormone disorder and prevented the juvenile P. vannamei from growth. In the adult P. vannamei, most molting-related genes were significantly up-regulated, indicating that IHHNV infection leads the adult P. vannamei to early molting to eliminate pathogen in the body. Metabolic process data showed that energy metabolism pathway was affected when P. vannamei infected with IHHNV. The adult P. vannamei infected with IHHNV can cause energetically costly and lead to the disturbance of the metabolism, activate complex immune systems to resist the invasion of pathogens. The results of this study clarified the response mechanism of P. vannamei at different developmental stages to IHHNV infection, which can provide new insights to IHHNV effective control and a reference for the study of sensitive period of different shrimp virus to host infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Zheng Cao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Lingjun Si
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Linrui Chang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China.
| | - Dongchun Yan
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee D, Yu YB, Choi JH, Jo AH, Hong SM, Kang JC, Kim JH. Viral Shrimp Diseases Listed by the OIE: A Review. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030585. [PMID: 35336992 PMCID: PMC8953307 DOI: 10.3390/v14030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Shrimp is one of the most valuable aquaculture species globally, and the most internationally traded seafood product. Consequently, shrimp aquaculture practices have received increasing attention due to their high value and levels of demand, and this has contributed to economic growth in many developing countries. The global production of shrimp reached approximately 6.5 million t in 2019 and the shrimp aquaculture industry has consequently become a large-scale operation. However, the expansion of shrimp aquaculture has also been accompanied by various disease outbreaks, leading to large losses in shrimp production. Among the diseases, there are various viral diseases which can cause serious damage when compared to bacterial and fungi-based illness. In addition, new viral diseases occur rapidly, and existing diseases can evolve into new types. To address this, the review presented here will provide information on the DNA and RNA of shrimp viral diseases that have been designated by the World Organization for Animal Health and identify the latest shrimp disease trends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dain Lee
- Fish Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Geoje 53334, Korea;
| | - Young-Bin Yu
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.Y.); (J.-H.C.); (J.-C.K.); (J.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-41-675-3773 (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jae-Ho Choi
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.Y.); (J.-H.C.); (J.-C.K.); (J.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-41-675-3773 (J.-H.K.)
| | - A-Hyun Jo
- Department of Aquatic Life and Medical Science, Sun Moon University, Asan-si 31460, Korea; (A.-H.J.); (S.-M.H.)
| | - Su-Min Hong
- Department of Aquatic Life and Medical Science, Sun Moon University, Asan-si 31460, Korea; (A.-H.J.); (S.-M.H.)
| | - Ju-Chan Kang
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.Y.); (J.-H.C.); (J.-C.K.); (J.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-41-675-3773 (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life and Medical Science, Sun Moon University, Asan-si 31460, Korea; (A.-H.J.); (S.-M.H.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.Y.); (J.-H.C.); (J.-C.K.); (J.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-41-675-3773 (J.-H.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Saravanan K, Praveenraj J, Kiruba-Sankar R, Devi V, Biswas U, Kumar TS, Sudhagar A, El-Matbouli M, Kumar G. Co-Infection of Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) and White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in the Wild Crustaceans of Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071378. [PMID: 34372583 PMCID: PMC8310313 DOI: 10.3390/v13071378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was intended to screen the wild crustaceans for co-infection with Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) and White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India. We screened a total of 607 shrimp and 110 crab samples using a specific polymerase chain reaction, and out of them, 82 shrimps (13.5%) and 5 (4.5%) crabs were found positive for co-infection of IHHNV and WSSV. A higher rate of co-infection was observed in Penaeus monodon and Scylla serrata than other shrimp and crab species. The nucleotide sequences of IHHNV and WSSV obtained from crab in this present study exhibited very high sequence identity with their counterparts retrieved from various countries. Histopathological analysis of the infected shrimp gill sections further confirmed the eosinophilic intra-nuclear cowdry type A inclusion bodies and basophilic intra-nuclear inclusion bodies characteristics of IHHNV and WSSV infections, respectively. The present study serves as the first report on co-infection of WSSV and IHHNV in Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India and accentuates the critical need for continuous monitoring of wild crustaceans and appropriate biosecurity measures for brackishwater aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanan
- Division of Fisheries Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India; (J.P.); (R.K.-S.); (V.D.); (U.B.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (G.K.)
| | - Jayasimhan Praveenraj
- Division of Fisheries Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India; (J.P.); (R.K.-S.); (V.D.); (U.B.)
| | - Rajendran Kiruba-Sankar
- Division of Fisheries Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India; (J.P.); (R.K.-S.); (V.D.); (U.B.)
| | - Varsha Devi
- Division of Fisheries Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India; (J.P.); (R.K.-S.); (V.D.); (U.B.)
| | - Utpal Biswas
- Division of Fisheries Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India; (J.P.); (R.K.-S.); (V.D.); (U.B.)
| | - Thangaraj Sathish Kumar
- Aquatic Animal Health and Environment Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, Chennai 600028, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Arun Sudhagar
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi 682018, Kerala, India;
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinarplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Gokhlesh Kumar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinarplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (G.K.)
| |
Collapse
|