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Li P, Hayat K, Shi L, Lambojon K, Saeed A, Majid Aziz M, Liu T, Ji S, Gong Y, Feng Z, Jiang M, Ji W, Yang C, Chang J, Fang Y. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Among Chinese Pharmacy Customers: A Multicenter Survey Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:184. [PMID: 32316147 PMCID: PMC7235738 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to antibiotics is one of the major global health challenges. An adequate understanding of the public regarding rational antibiotic use is a prerequisite to limit progression in antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance among customers visiting community pharmacies. METHODS This study was undertaken in three capital cities in China during March 2019 and July 2019 by using a questionnaire of 28 items. The questionnaire had four parts, including sociodemographic characteristics, KAP about antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance. A systematic random sampling approach was used to recruit the participants. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were carried out for data analysis. RESULTS The response rate was 66.7% (1800/2700). Out of the total, only 9.7% of the customers had good knowledge about antibiotics. Nearly half of the participants were unable to differentiate between antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory drugs (n = 820, 45.6%, Median = 2, IQR = 1). Most of the customers were of the view that the use of over the counter antibiotics in pregnant women is unsafe (n = 1307, 72.6%, Median = 2, IQR = 0). Almost half of the participants disagreed that costly antibiotics are more effective and have fewer side effects (n = 897, 49.9%, Median = 3, IQR = 1). Only 22.3% of participants said that they always finish the course of antibiotic treatment (n = 401, 22.3%, Median = 3, IQR = 1). CONCLUSION The knowledge of Chinese pharmacy consumers was inadequate, and a lack of good attitudes and practices in certain aspects of antibiotic use was observed. Educational interventions are needed to increase public knowledge of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Li
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (P.L.); (K.H.); (L.S.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (M.M.A.); (T.L.); (S.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.F.); (M.J.); (W.J.); (C.Y.); (J.C.)
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an 710061, China
- Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, China’s Western Technological Innovation Harbor, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Khezar Hayat
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (P.L.); (K.H.); (L.S.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (M.M.A.); (T.L.); (S.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.F.); (M.J.); (W.J.); (C.Y.); (J.C.)
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an 710061, China
- Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, China’s Western Technological Innovation Harbor, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (P.L.); (K.H.); (L.S.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (M.M.A.); (T.L.); (S.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.F.); (M.J.); (W.J.); (C.Y.); (J.C.)
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an 710061, China
- Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, China’s Western Technological Innovation Harbor, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Krizzia Lambojon
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (P.L.); (K.H.); (L.S.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (M.M.A.); (T.L.); (S.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.F.); (M.J.); (W.J.); (C.Y.); (J.C.)
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an 710061, China
- Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, China’s Western Technological Innovation Harbor, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Amna Saeed
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (P.L.); (K.H.); (L.S.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (M.M.A.); (T.L.); (S.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.F.); (M.J.); (W.J.); (C.Y.); (J.C.)
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an 710061, China
- Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, China’s Western Technological Innovation Harbor, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Muhammad Majid Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (P.L.); (K.H.); (L.S.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (M.M.A.); (T.L.); (S.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.F.); (M.J.); (W.J.); (C.Y.); (J.C.)
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an 710061, China
- Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, China’s Western Technological Innovation Harbor, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (P.L.); (K.H.); (L.S.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (M.M.A.); (T.L.); (S.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.F.); (M.J.); (W.J.); (C.Y.); (J.C.)
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an 710061, China
- Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, China’s Western Technological Innovation Harbor, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Shiyu Ji
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (P.L.); (K.H.); (L.S.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (M.M.A.); (T.L.); (S.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.F.); (M.J.); (W.J.); (C.Y.); (J.C.)
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an 710061, China
- Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, China’s Western Technological Innovation Harbor, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yilin Gong
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (P.L.); (K.H.); (L.S.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (M.M.A.); (T.L.); (S.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.F.); (M.J.); (W.J.); (C.Y.); (J.C.)
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an 710061, China
- Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, China’s Western Technological Innovation Harbor, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Zhitong Feng
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (P.L.); (K.H.); (L.S.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (M.M.A.); (T.L.); (S.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.F.); (M.J.); (W.J.); (C.Y.); (J.C.)
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an 710061, China
- Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, China’s Western Technological Innovation Harbor, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Minghuan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (P.L.); (K.H.); (L.S.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (M.M.A.); (T.L.); (S.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.F.); (M.J.); (W.J.); (C.Y.); (J.C.)
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an 710061, China
- Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, China’s Western Technological Innovation Harbor, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Wenjing Ji
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (P.L.); (K.H.); (L.S.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (M.M.A.); (T.L.); (S.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.F.); (M.J.); (W.J.); (C.Y.); (J.C.)
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an 710061, China
- Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, China’s Western Technological Innovation Harbor, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Caijun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (P.L.); (K.H.); (L.S.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (M.M.A.); (T.L.); (S.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.F.); (M.J.); (W.J.); (C.Y.); (J.C.)
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an 710061, China
- Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, China’s Western Technological Innovation Harbor, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Jie Chang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (P.L.); (K.H.); (L.S.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (M.M.A.); (T.L.); (S.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.F.); (M.J.); (W.J.); (C.Y.); (J.C.)
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an 710061, China
- Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, China’s Western Technological Innovation Harbor, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (P.L.); (K.H.); (L.S.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (M.M.A.); (T.L.); (S.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.F.); (M.J.); (W.J.); (C.Y.); (J.C.)
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an 710061, China
- Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, China’s Western Technological Innovation Harbor, Xi’an 710061, China
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