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Soria-Rodríguez R, Méndez-Magaña J, Torres-Castillo N, Martínez-López E, Jauregui-Ulloa E, López-Taylor J, de Loera-Rodríguez CO, Sigala-Arellano R, Amador-Lara F. Effect of a Supervised Aerobic Exercise Training Program and Ginkgo Biloba Extract on Metabolic Parameters and Functional Capacity in HIV-Infected Subjects. Healthcare (Basel) 2025; 13:663. [PMID: 40150513 PMCID: PMC11942170 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare13060663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2025] [Revised: 03/09/2025] [Accepted: 03/14/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: A remarkable increase in metabolic comorbidities occur in people living with HIV infection (PLWH). Supervised physical activity provides significant health benefits. Ginkgo biloba (GKB) extract has been reported to have a wide range of metabolic advantages. This study aimed to examine the effects of an exercise training (ET) program and a GKB extract on PLWH. Methods: This was a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study. Twenty-eight PLWH were assigned to receive a placebo (n = 10), GKB extract (n = 10), or statins (n = 8). All patients underwent a supervised ET program 3-5 times per week. Anthropometric measurements, functional capacities, and metabolic parameters were assessed in all participants at baseline and after 12 weeks of follow-up. Results: After the 12-week intervention, body fat decreased significantly by 2-3% in all groups relative to their baseline values (p < 0.05). Total cholesterol and LDL-c were significantly decreased in the ET + statin group (p = 0.04, and p = 0.007, respectively) compared to baseline values, while HbA1c and the HOMA-IR index were significantly decreased in the ET + GKB group (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively) compared to baseline values, and a significant increase in CD4+ T cell mean was observed in the ET + placebo group (p = 0.005) compared to baseline values. A significant increase in cardiorespiratory capacity (VO2max) from their baseline values was observed in all groups (p < 0.001) after 12 weeks of intervention from their baseline values. Conclusions: Body fat and cardiorespiratory fitness significantly improved after a 12-week supervised ET program. GKB extract significantly decreased insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Soria-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Actividad Física y Deporte, Departamento de Ciencias del Movimiento Humano, Educación, Deporte, Recreación y Danza, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (R.S.-R.); (J.M.-M.); (E.J.-U.); (J.L.-T.)
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (N.T.-C.); (E.M.-L.)
| | - Javier Méndez-Magaña
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Actividad Física y Deporte, Departamento de Ciencias del Movimiento Humano, Educación, Deporte, Recreación y Danza, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (R.S.-R.); (J.M.-M.); (E.J.-U.); (J.L.-T.)
| | - Nathaly Torres-Castillo
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (N.T.-C.); (E.M.-L.)
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (N.T.-C.); (E.M.-L.)
| | - Edtna Jauregui-Ulloa
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Actividad Física y Deporte, Departamento de Ciencias del Movimiento Humano, Educación, Deporte, Recreación y Danza, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (R.S.-R.); (J.M.-M.); (E.J.-U.); (J.L.-T.)
| | - Juan López-Taylor
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Actividad Física y Deporte, Departamento de Ciencias del Movimiento Humano, Educación, Deporte, Recreación y Danza, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (R.S.-R.); (J.M.-M.); (E.J.-U.); (J.L.-T.)
| | - Cesar O. de Loera-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Ramón Sigala-Arellano
- Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico;
| | - Fernando Amador-Lara
- Departamento de Clínicas Médicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico
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Kim J, Nam HJ, Kim JY, Heo MK, Shin SU, Kim UJ, Kim SE, Kang SJ, Bang J, Lee JS, Jang MO, Park KH. Aging with HIV: The Burden of Comorbidities, Polypharmacy, and Drug Interactions in Korean People Living with HIV Aged ≥50 Years. Infect Chemother 2024; 56:534-543. [PMID: 39762929 PMCID: PMC11704864 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2024.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The life expectancy of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) has significantly improved with advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, aging PLWH face a growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), polypharmacy, and drug-drug interactions (DDIs), which pose challenges in their management. This study investigates the prevalence of NCDs, polypharmacy, and DDIs among PLWH aged ≥50 years in Korea and their impact on quality of life (QOL). MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 243 PLWH aged ≥50 years receiving ART for at least three months at three university hospitals in Korea between January and July 2022. Data were collected through electronic medical records and personal interviews, assessing demographics, comorbidities, polypharmacy, ART adherence, and QOL using the Korean version of WHOQOL-HIV BREF scale. Potential DDIs were analyzed using the University of Liverpool HIV Drug Interaction Database, and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) were identified using the 2023 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria. We classified participants into three age groups: 50-<65 years, 65-<75 years, and ≥75 years. RESULTS The prevalence of comorbidities was 71.6%, with older participants (≥75 years) showing a significantly higher burden, including bone diseases, osteoarthritis, and dementia (P<0.001). Polypharmacy was observed in 28.4% of participants and increased with age, with 53.3% of those aged ≥75 years taking ≥10 pills daily. Polypharmacy was associated with poorer QOL (71.6 vs. 76.6, P=0.010). Amber-flag DDIs were found in 81 participants (33.3%), most commonly involving metformin and divalent cations. No red-flag DDIs were identified. PIMs were observed in 6.6% of participants aged ≥65 years. CONCLUSION Aging PLWH in Korea face significant challenges from comorbidities, polypharmacy, and DDIs, which negatively impact QOL. Integrated, age-specific, and multidisciplinary care strategies are urgently needed to improve outcomes and ensure the well-being of older PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Nam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sung Un Shin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Uh Jin Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seong Eun Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seung-Ji Kang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jihwan Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Mi-Ok Jang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Hwa Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
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Alsaeed AH, Aljanobe AH, Alhassan SH, Almulaify MS, AlKhalaf AA, Alhaddad MJ. Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in People Living With HIV in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e63809. [PMID: 39099969 PMCID: PMC11297701 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is thought to be higher than that in noninfected people. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of DM among people living with HIV in Dammam, Saudi Arabia (SA). Methods This was a cross-sectional study that included adult patients with HIV who were followed at Dammam Medical Complex. The electronic medical records of the patients were reviewed for their demographic data, comorbid conditions, and HIV history (e.g., duration and medications). The patients were categorized based on their glycated hemoglobin (A1C) levels into nondiabetic patients (A1C < 5.7%), prediabetic patients (A1C between 5.7% and 6.4%), and diabetic patients (A1C ≥ 6.5). Results A total of 769 HIV patients were assessed. The A1C of 325 patients could not be retrieved. The remaining 444 patients were included in the analysis. These consisted of 71 female patients (15.99%) and 373 male patients (84.01%). The average age of the patients was 38.62±11.33 years. Their duration for living with HIV was on average 3.76±3.15 years. The cohort consisted of 290 nondiabetic patients (65.32%), 107 prediabetic patients (24.1%), and 47 diabetic patients (10.59%). The nondiabetic patients were generally younger than the prediabetic patients (35.97 vs 40.72 years on average, P value < 0.001). They were infected with HIV for shorter durations (3.45 vs 4.19 years on average, P value < 0.05) with a higher percentage of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (97.93% vs 84.11%, P value < 0.001). Similarly, the nondiabetic patients were generally younger than the diabetic patients (35.97 vs 50.19 years on average, P value < 0.001). They were also infected with HIV for shorter durations (3.45 vs 4.65 years on average, P value < 0.05) with, also, a higher percentage of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (97.93% vs 89.36%, P value < 0.01). Conclusions The prevalence of DM among people living with HIV in Dammam, SA, was high with DM remaining highly underdiagnosed in this population. However, the prevalence of DM in this study involving mostly HIV patients treated with newer HAART agents was lower than what was reported in multiple previous studies that included patients using older agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Alsaeed
- Infectious Disease, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | - Mousa J Alhaddad
- Adult Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, SAU
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Mhlanga NL, Netangaheni TR. Physical activity and diet for Type 2 Diabetes reduction among older people living with HIV in Harare. Health SA 2024; 29:2445. [PMID: 38445028 PMCID: PMC10913168 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v29i0.2445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background People living with HIV (PLWH) are ageing, and face increased risk for developing Type 2 Diabetes. Physical activity and diet are effective in reducing Type 2 Diabetes risk. However, there is variation in how older PLWH engage in physical activity and healthy eating. Aim To describe older PLWHs' engagement in physical activity and diet for Type 2 Diabetes risk reduction in Harare. Setting The study was conducted in five polyclinics in Harare urban district from low socio-economic areas. Methods A qualitative approach and an exploratory descriptive design was used. Twenty-three participants were selected purposively based on the researchers' judgement of age among PLWH. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview schedule and analysed using Braun and Clark's six steps of thematic content analysis. Ethical approval was obtained, and each participant provided informed consent. Results The mean age of participants was 62 years. Participants performed varied physical activities through; economic activities, walking, exercise, and domestic chores. Diet included indigenous, unrefined grains, vegetables and fruit, influenced by rural background. Diet consisted of larger proportions of carbohydrates with lesser varying portions of protein and vegetables and fruit. Healthy eating among participants was facilitated by the proximity of markets and family. Conclusion Health education to reduce Type 2 Diabetes risk should focus on fostering current physical activities to meet prescribed standards and increasing fruit and vegetable consumption. Contribution The physical activity and diet self-care practices among older PLWH are inadequate in reducing Type 2 Diabetes risk, emphasising the need for appropriate health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nongiwe L Mhlanga
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Human Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thinavhuyo R Netangaheni
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Human Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
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Malli IA, Hamdan D, Aljahdali A, Almutairi A, Jar R, Alzahrani R, Khan MA. Medical Interns' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward People Living with HIV: Multicenter Experience from Saudi Arabia. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2023; 15:571-582. [PMID: 37744212 PMCID: PMC10516208 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s418948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Discrimination by some healthcare providers toward people living with HIV/AIDS has been documented. Differences in cultural backgrounds make it harder for future doctors, who need a lot of knowledge and a positive attitude to treat patients. In conservative countries like Saudi Arabia, not enough is known about how much medical interns know about HIV and how they feel about people living with HIV/AIDS. Methods From April to September 2021, this cross-sectional study use non-probability random sampling and utilized a self-administered questionnaire to collected the data from 346 medical interns who had graduated from five different medical schools. Results Most of the subjects correctly identified the main transmission routes, such as unprotected sex (94.57%), blood and body fluid exchange (94.19%), and sharing needles or syringes (91.47%). But they did not know what the most common co-infections were for HIV patients or how to protect themselves after exposure. This paper showed that medical interns have some stigmatizing behaviors toward patients living with HIV, as 31.1% and 22.9% agreed, respectively, that they would feel more sympathetic toward people who get AIDS from blood transfusions compared to IV drug users (IDU). Conclusion Medical interns also showed some positive attitudes, as more than half of the sample (56.2%) would not isolate beds for people living with HIV/AIDS. The study's conclusion is that HIV education and training programs should be added for medical interns, which might have a significant positive impact on their attitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa Abdullah Malli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, 22384, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Hamdan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhanoof Aljahdali
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Almutairi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Jar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham Alzahrani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Anwar Khan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, 22384, Saudi Arabia
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Mhlanga NL, Netangaheni TR. Risks of Type 2 diabetes among older people living with HIV: A scoping review. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2023; 65:e1-e10. [PMID: 37265137 PMCID: PMC10244955 DOI: 10.4102/safp.v65i1.5623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy has enabled people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) to live longer. With this longevity, there is the risk of developing age-related chronic conditions like Type 2 diabetes. Older PLWH have an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) because of the natural physiological processes of ageing and risks posed by HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy use. The purpose of this scoping review is to describe risk factors associated with the development of Type 2 DM among older PLWH. METHODS The study adopted a framework for scoping reviews. The first step identified the research question, followed by identifying studies from three databases: PubMed, Mendeley and Cochrane Library. A total of 618 nonduplicate studies were screened, with a final selection of 15 full-text studies from 2012 to 2022. Data were extracted using the Souza (2010) data extraction tool and analysed numerically and with thematic content analysis. RESULTS Most studies were from Italy, with 60% being cross-sectional studies. On thematic analysis, the risks associated with Type 2 DM among older PLWH were long duration of HIV infection; the use of older-generation antiretroviral therapy; a high body mass index; the presence of hypertension and a lack of knowledge on modifiable risk factors for Type 2 DM. CONCLUSION The identification of the risks that increase the likelihood of Type 2 DM among older PLWH facilitates effective screening and focused health education for older PLWH to reduce the development of Type 2 DM.Contribution: The findings of this study of excess risks of Type 2 DM specific to older PLWH complement risk factors of Type 2 DM in the general population. These excess risks facilitate case finding of older PLWH at risk of Type 2 DM especially in primary healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nongiwe L Mhlanga
- Department of Health Studies, College of Human Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria.
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Sarma P, Cassidy R, Corlett S, Katusiime B. Ageing with HIV: Medicine Optimisation Challenges and Support Needs for Older People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review. Drugs Aging 2023; 40:179-240. [PMID: 36670321 PMCID: PMC9857901 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-022-01003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older people living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risks of co-morbidities and polypharmacy. However, little is known about factors affecting their needs and concerns about medicines. This systematic review aims to describe these and to identify interventions to improve medicine optimisation outcomes in older PLWH. METHODS AND DATA SOURCES Multiple databases and grey literature were searched from inception to February 2022 including MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, PsychArticles, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, Abstracts in Social Gerontology, and Academic Search Complete. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies reporting interventions/issues affecting older PLWH (sample populations with mean/median age ≥ 50 years; any aspect of medicine optimisation, or concerns). Quality assessments were completed by means of critical appraisal checklists for each study design. Title and abstract screening was led by one reviewer and a sample reviewed independently by two reviewers. Full-paper reviews were completed by one author and a 20% sample was reviewed independently by two reviewers. SYNTHESIS Data were extracted by three independent reviewers using standardised data extraction forms and synthesised according to outcomes or interventions reported. Data were summarised to include key themes, outcomes or concerns, and summary of intervention. RESULTS Seventy-nine (n = 79) studies met the eligibility criteria, most of which originated from the USA (n = 36). A few studies originated from Australia (n = 5), Canada (n = 5), Spain (n = 9), and the UK (n = 5). Ten studies originated from Sub-Saharan Africa (Kenya n = 1, South Africa n = 6, Tanzania n = 1, Uganda n = 1, Zimbabwe n = 1). The rest of the studies were from China (n = 1), France (n = 1), Germany (n = 1), Italy (n = 1), the Netherlands (n = 1), Pakistan (n = 1), Switzerland (n = 1), Saudi Arabia (n = 1) and Ukraine (n = 1). Publication dates ranged from 2002 to 2022. Sample sizes ranged from 10 to 15,602 across studies. The factors affecting older PLWH's experience of and issues with medicines were co-morbidities, health-related quality of life, polypharmacy, drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, adherence, medicine burden, treatment burden, stigma, social support, and patient-healthcare provider relationships. Nine interventions were identified to target older persons, five aimed at improving medication adherence, two to reduce drug interactions, and two for medicine self-management initiatives. CONCLUSION Further in-depth research is needed to understand older PLWH's experiences of medicines and their priority issues. Adherence-focused interventions are predominant, but there is a scarcity of interventions aimed at improving medicine experiences for this population. Multi-faceted interventions are needed to achieve medicine optimisation outcomes for PLWH. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered with PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020188448.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sarma
- Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK.
| | - Rebecca Cassidy
- Centre for Health Service Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Sarah Corlett
- Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
| | - Barbra Katusiime
- Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
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Emanuel KM, Runner K, Brodnik ZD, Morsey BM, Lamberty BG, Johnson HS, Acharya A, Byrareddy SN, España RA, Fox HS, Gaskill PJ. Deprenyl reduces inflammation during acute SIV infection. iScience 2022; 25:104207. [PMID: 35494221 PMCID: PMC9046124 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of antiretroviral therapy, inflammation is a central factor in numerous HIV-associated comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, and neuropsychiatric disorders. This highlights the value of developing therapeutics that both reduce HIV-associated inflammation and treat associated comorbidities. Previous research on monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) suggests this class of drugs has anti-inflammatory properties in addition to neuropsychiatric effects. Therefore, we examined the impact of deprenyl, an MAOI, on SIV-associated inflammation during acute SIV infection using the rhesus macaque model of HIV infection. Our results show deprenyl decreased both peripheral and CNS inflammation but had no effect on viral load in either the periphery or CNS. These data show that the MAOI deprenyl may have broad anti-inflammatory effects when given during the acute stage of SIV infection, suggesting more research into the anti-inflammatory effects of this drug could result in a beneficial adjuvant for antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Emanuel
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - K Runner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Z D Brodnik
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
- Center on Compulsive Behaviors, NIH Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Neuronal Networks Section, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - B M Morsey
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - B G Lamberty
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - H S Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - A Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - S N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - R A España
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - H S Fox
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - P J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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Jones BI, Freedman A, Thomas MJ, Villalba-Mendez C, Sathia L, Flanagan D, Francis S, Currie CJ. Comorbid diseases and conditions in people with HIV in the UK. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:277-285. [PMID: 34761727 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2021.2003671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to characterize the risk of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the UK progressing to pre-specified HIV-associated comorbidities, compared with matched, HIV-negative controls. METHODS Primary and secondary care records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and linked Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) were used to identify PLHIV, and a matched cohort from the HIV-negative population. Kaplan Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the risk of developing comorbidities including central nervous system (CNS) disorders, end-stage renal disease, osteoporosis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, stroke and cancer. RESULTS A total of 2945 PLHIV were matched to a cohort of 5890 HIV-negative controls. PLHIV demonstrated an increased hazard ratio (HR) for time to development of incident sleep disorders, depression, osteoporosis, stroke, cancer and renal disease when compared with their matched HIV-negative control. The HRs for anxiety, hypertension, diabetes and CVD were not significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS PLHIV in the UK were at a higher risk of developing a number of comorbid conditions, highlighting the need for regular attendance of health reviews such as the annual health reviews recommended by the British HIV Associations (BHIVA) quality standard for care, which are currently not uniformly conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Freedman
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Craig J Currie
- Global Epidemiology, Pharmatelligence, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
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Expression of Killer Immunoglobulin Receptor Genes among HIV-Infected Individuals with Non-AIDS Comorbidities. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:1119611. [PMID: 35071606 PMCID: PMC8769865 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1119611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLHIV) and remarkably reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection. However, non-AIDS associated comorbidities including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are increasingly reported among PLHIV receiving cART. Killer cell immunoglobulin receptors (KIRs) expressed on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells have been previously implicated in controlling HIV disease progression. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of KIRs in developing non-AIDS associated comorbidities among PLHIV. Demographic and behavioral data were collected from voluntary participants using a standardized questionnaire. Whole blood samples were collected for KIR genotyping. Hypertension (29.5%) and hyperlipidemia (29.5%) followed by diabetes (23.7%) and CVD (9.7%) were mainly reported among our study participants with higher rate of comorbid conditions observed among
years old. The observed KIR frequency (OF) was ≥90% for inhibitory KIR2DL1 and KIR3DL1, activating KIR2DS4 and the pseudogene KIR2DP1 among study participants. We detected significant differences in the expression of KIR3DS4 and KIR3DL1 (
) between diabetic and nondiabetic and in the expression of KIR2DL3 between hypertensive and normotensive HIV-infected individuals (
). Moreover, KIR2DL1 and KIR2DP1 were associated with significantly reduced odds of having CVD (OR 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01-0.69;
). Our study suggests the potential role of KIR in predisposition to non-AIDS comorbidities among PLHIV and underscores the need for more studies to further elucidate the role of KIRs in this population.
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