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Zivkovic S, Maric G, Cvetinovic N, Lepojevic-Stefanovic D, Bozic Cvijan B. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Supplements-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061517. [PMID: 36986246 PMCID: PMC10053759 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Since the establishment of the "lipid hypothesis", according to which, cholesterol level is directly correlated to the risk of CVD, many different lipid-lowering agents have been introduced in clinical practice. A majority of these drugs, in addition to their lipid-lowering properties, may also exhibit some anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. This hypothesis was based on the observation that a decrease in lipid levels occurs along with a decrease in inflammation. Insufficient reduction in the inflammation during treatment with lipid-lowering drugs could be one of the explanations for treatment failure and recurrent CVD events. Thus, the aim of this narrative review was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of currently available lipid-lowering medications including statins, ezetimibe, bile acid sequestrants (BAS), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, fibrates, omega-3 fatty acids, and niacin, as well as dietary supplements and novel drugs used in modern times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zivkovic
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Zvezdara University Medical Center, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gorica Maric
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Cvetinovic
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, University Medical Center "Dr Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Bojana Bozic Cvijan
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Gao D, Hua R, Jiesisibieke D, Ma Y, Li C, Wu S, Ma Q, Xie W. C-reactive protein and coronary atheroma regression following statin therapy: A meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:989527. [PMID: 36440015 PMCID: PMC9691666 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.989527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several clinical trials have indicated that statins stabilize and reverse atherosclerotic plaque. However, different studies have provided inconsistent findings regarding mechanisms and influencing factors of plaque regression under statin therapy. Apart from lipid-lowering effect, statins have pleiotropic effects including anti inflammation in humans. In this study, meta-analysis and meta-regression were used to determine the effects of statin medications on coronary plaque volume. Meanwhile, to assess whether statins promote plaque regression effect was related to their anti-inflammatory ability, the impact of CRP/hsCRP reduction during statin therapy on plaque regression was investigated. METHODS Up to June 15, 2022, a systematic PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane search was performed for randomized controlled trials that assessed treatment effect using total atheroma volume (TAV), percent atheroma volume (PAV), or plaque volume (PV). Only CRP/hsCRP and LDL-C values reported before and after treatment were considered. RESULTS 12 studies (2,812 patients with heart and/or vascular disease) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. A meta-analysis of 15 statin-treated arms reported a significant reduction in change of TAV/PV [standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.27, 95% confidence intervals (-CI): -0.42, -0.12, p < 0.001], compared with the control arms. Another meta-analysis of 7 trials also found that patients in the intervention group had a significant reduction in change of PAV (SMD: -0.16, 95% CI: -0.29, -0.03, p = 0.019), compared with those in the control group. Meta-regressionanalysis revealed that the percent change of CRP/hsCRP was significantly associated with SMD in change of TAV/PV after adjusting for percent change of LDL-C, age, gender and study duration. Meta-regression analysis showed that percent change of CRP/hsCRP statistically influenced SMD in change of PAV, when percent change of CRP/hsCRP was included separately. However, the percent change of CRP/hsCRP was not significantly associated with SMD of PAV change after adjusting for all covariates. CONCLUSION In conclusion, statin therapy is beneficial for plaque regression. Statins promote plaque regression, which might be associated to their anti-inflammatory ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darui Gao
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute Heart and Vascular Health Research Center at Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Hua
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute Heart and Vascular Health Research Center at Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yanjun Ma
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute Heart and Vascular Health Research Center at Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute Heart and Vascular Health Research Center at Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Sijing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wuxiang Xie
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute Heart and Vascular Health Research Center at Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic inflammation has been recognized as one of the most important pathophysiological mechanisms' initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Statins belong to most successful therapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of atherothrombotic vascular disease. Their non-lipid related effects including suppression of inflammation have been repeatedly proven in both experimental and clinical settings. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, the importance of inflammation in the process of atherosclerosis has been confirmed by interventions targeting inflammation selectively. Clinical trial with selective inhibitor of a principal inflammatory mediator interleukin 1-beta - canakinumab - confirmed the notion of direct vasculoprotective effects of primarily targeting inflammation. This has increased interest in the non-lipid, pleiotropic and, particularly, anti-inflammatory effects of statins. Anti-inflammatory effects of statins have been proven both experimentally and in clinical settings beyond any doubt. They comprise a direct positive effect on not only many cell types and pathways that are lipid independent but, also, some that are mediated by lipid modification. Undoubtedly, suppression of inflammatory response by statins contributes to their generally positive action in atherosclerosis and represents an important part of the vasculo- and atheroprotective effect of this drug class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Satny
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles Univesity, U Nemocnice 1, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav A Hubacek
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vrablik
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles Univesity, U Nemocnice 1, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic. .,3rd Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital, U Nemocnice 1, 128 08, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Cho KH, Jeong MH. Clinical Benefit of Statins in Korean Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Experience of the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry. J Lipid Atheroscler 2020; 9:362-379. [PMID: 33024731 PMCID: PMC7521970 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2020.9.3.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor) are among the most important medications for treating patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Herein, we review the clinical benefit and future scope of statin therapy in Korean patients with AMI from the experience of the Korea AMI Registry. Statins are effective and safe in AMI patients, even in those with very low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Peri-procedural statin treatment could reduce the incidence of early stent thrombosis in patients with AMI after percutaneous coronary intervention. Reduction of high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in patients with AMI plays an important role in the beneficial effect of statins on regression and compositional change of coronary plaques. Obtaining ≥50% reduction in LDL-C is associated with better clinical outcomes after AMI, whereas achieving <70 mg/dL LDL-C is not. Statin therapy has positive effects on clinical outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock, ischemic heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and vasospasm. The combination of high-dose statin plus N-acetyl cysteine is associated with lower incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Moderate-intensity pitavastatin therapy is associated with a lower incidence of new-onset diabetes mellitus in patients with AMI and has similar clinical outcomes to moderate-intensity atorvastatin and rosuvastatin therapy. Future studies are required to assess the optimal intensity and LDL-C target concerning statin therapy, and the implementation of guidelines based cholesterol lowering practice in Korean patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hoon Cho
- The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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Hong YJ, Jeong MH, Bae JH, Oh SK, Rha SW, Hur SH, Lee SY, Kim SW, Cha KS, Chae IH, Ahn TH, Kim KS. Efficacy and safety of pitavastatins in patients with acute myocardial infarction: Livalo in Acute Myocardial Infarction Study (LAMIS) II. Korean J Intern Med 2017; 32:656-667. [PMID: 28618772 PMCID: PMC5511934 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We evaluated the efficacy and safety and influence on glucose tolerance by different doses of pitavastatins in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. METHODS Consecutive 1,101 AMI patients who were enrolled in Livalo in Acute Myocardial Infarction Study (LAMIS)-II were randomly assigned to receive either 2 mg of pitavastatin or 4 mg of pitavastatin orally per day. Primary efficacy endpoint was composite of cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, target-lesion revascularization, and hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure or arrhythmic events at 12-month. RESULTS There was no significant difference in primary efficacy endpoint between 2 mg and 4 mg groups (9.07% vs. 9.13%, p = 0.976). The degree of the reduction of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was significantly greater in 4 mg group compared to 2 mg group from baseline to follow-up (-42.05 ± 32.73 mg/dL vs. -34.23 ± 31.66 mg/dL, p = 0.002). Fasting plasma glucose level was reduced significantly in both groups (-20.16 ± 54.49 mg/dL in 4 mg group and -24.45 ± 63.88 mg/dL in 2 mg group, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and there was no significant change of glycated hemoglobin in two groups from baseline to follow-up (-0.13% ± 1.21% in 4 mg group and -0.04% ± 1.10% in 2 mg group, p = 0.256 and p = 0.671, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Although LDL-C was reduced more significantly by using 4 mg of pitavastatin compared to 2 mg of pitavastatin, the event rate was comparable without adverse effects on glucose tolerance in both groups in AMI patients who were enrolled in LAMIS-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joon Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jang Ho Bae
- Department of Cardiology, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seok Kyu Oh
- Department of Cardiology, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea
| | - Seung Woon Rha
- Department of Cardiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Hur
- Department of Cardiology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Yun Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Soo Cha
- Department of Cardiology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - In Ho Chae
- Department of Cardiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kee Sik Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
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The effect of statin therapy on plaque regression following acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis of prospective trials. Coron Artery Dis 2017; 27:636-649. [PMID: 27388482 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of statins on plaque regression after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS We carried out a meta-analysis to assess the change in plaque and plaque components in patients with ACS under statin therapy. This meta-analysis combined data of 1623 participants from eight randomized-controlled trials and seven observational studies. RESULTS The benefits of high-intensity statin therapy on plaque regression occurred after 6 months [standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.27; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.43 to -0.12; P=0.0006] and were sustained over 12 months (SMD: -0.14; 95% CI: -0.25 to -0.03; P=0.01). No significant decrease was observed in the plaque volume and percent plaque volume under low-dose statin treatment. After 6 months of intensive statin treatment, the plaque volume reduced significantly in patients whose follow-up LDL cholesterol levels did (SMD: -0.16; 95% CI: -0.29 to -0.03; P=0.02) or did not (SMD: -0.21; 95% CI: -0.32 to -0.09; P=0.0007) decrease to 70 mg/dl or less. There was no significant change in plaque composition volumes, but an increase was found in the percent dense calcium volume of 1.31% (95% CI: 0.55-2.07%; P=0.0007). CONCLUSION Intensive statin therapy duration over 6 months may be as important as achieved LDL-C of less than or equal to 70 mg/dl in plaque regression following ACS. Intensive statin treatment may lead to an earlier regression compared with low-dose statin therapy.
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Abstract
The role of statins in the protection of atherosclerosis and reducting cardiovascular (CV) events is well established. On the other hand, the role of inflammation in the propagation and propensity to CV events has also been demonstrated. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) which is involved in the immunologic process of inflammation has received the interest for its use in screening and risk reclassification. However, evidence for its causal relationship with atherothrombosis is lacking, and even more, knowing that statins influence on the reduction of CRP levels, a relevant evidence of their clinical benefits in this regard is also lacking. This article reviews four different key points regarding the issue, to better understand the current state and application of the treatment with statins in order to achieve benefits from lowering CRP's levels regarding CV diseases: (1) the mechanisms of reduction of CRP levels by statins; (2) the role of statin-mediated CRP reduction in the atherosclerotic plaque regression; (3) the role in the prevention of CV diseases; and (4) the role in case of secondary prevention. With this basis, the reduction of CRP levels should be interpreted as a reduction of inflammatory burden thus its clinical benefits could be more interesting in secondary prevention. KEY MESSAGES It could be admitted a role of statin-mediated CRP diminution to reduce the rate of progression in atherosclerotic plaque. In general, and in the absence of specific clinical trials, the role of statins by lowering CRP and consequently, preventing cardiovascular events may be superior in case of secondary prevention because a more pronounced state of inflammation and regardless of its levels at baseline.
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The Effect of Statin Therapy on Coronary Plaque Composition Using Virtual Histology Intravascular Ultrasound: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26225936 PMCID: PMC4520465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have indicated that statin therapy may promote plaque regression. However, the impact of statin therapy on plaque composition has not been clearly elucidated. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the effect of statin therapy on coronary plaque composition as assessed by virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS). METHODS Online databases were searched from inception to March 1, 2015. Studies providing VH-IVUS volumetric analyses of coronary plaque composition at baseline and follow-up in patients receiving statin therapy were included. Weighted mean difference (WMD) using a random-effects model was used. RESULTS Ten studies involving 682 patients were included. There was a substantial reduction in fibrous volume between baseline and follow-up (WMD: -2.37 mm3, 95% confidence interval (CI) -4.01 to -0.74 mm3, P=0.004), and a significant increase in dense calcium (DC) volume (WMD: 0.89 mm3, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.08 mm3, P<0.00001). No significant change was seen in fibro-fatty and necrotic core (NC) volumes. In stratified analyses, the fibrous volume was decreased significantly (WMD: -3.39 mm3, 95% CI -6.56 to -0.21 mm3, P=0.04) and the absolute DC volume (WMD: 0.99 mm3, 95% CI 0.23 to 1.76 mm3, P=0.01) was increased in the subgroup with ≥12 months follow-up, whereas no significant change was observed in the subgroup with < 12 months follow-up. Similarly, a substantial decrease in fibrous volume (WMD: -2.01 mm3, 95% CI -3.05 to -0.96 mm3, P< 0.0002) and an increase in DC volume (WMD: 0.90 mm3, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.10 mm3, P< 0.00001) were observed in the subgroup with high-intensive statin therapy, while the change in fibrous and DC volumes approached statistical significance (P=0.05 and P=0.05, respectively) in the subgroup with low-intensive statin therapy. CONCLUSIONS Statin treatment, particularly of high-intensity and long-term duration, induced a marked modification in coronary plaque composition including a decrease in fibrous tissue and an increase in DC.
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Shacham Y, Topilsky Y, Leshem-Rubinow E, Arbel Y, Ben Assa E, Keren G, Roth A, Steinvil A. Association between C-reactive protein level and echocardiography assessed left ventricular function in first ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients who underwent primary coronary intervention. J Cardiol 2014; 63:402-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hong YJ, Choi YH, Park SY, Nam CW, Cho JH, Kang WY, Lee SR, Lee SY, Kim SW, Lim SY, Yun KH, Kim JS, Kim JW, Kang WC, Kim KS, Choi JH, Chung JW, Kim SJ, Ahn Y, Jeong MH. Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Intermediate Coronary Stenoses: MINIATURE Investigators (Korea MultIceNter TrIal on Long-Term Clinical Outcome According to the Plaque Burden and Treatment Strategy in Lesions with MinimUm Lumen ARea lEss Than 4 mm(2) Using Intravascular Ultrasound). Korean Circ J 2014; 44:148-55. [PMID: 24876855 PMCID: PMC4037636 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2014.44.3.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives We evaluated the two-year clinical outcomes in patients with angiographically intermediate lesions according to the plaque burden and treatment strategy. Subjects and Methods We prospectively enrolled patients with angiographically intermediate lesions (diameter stenosis 30-70%) with an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) minimum lumen area (MLA) <4 mm2 with 50-70% plaque burden of 16 Korean percutaneous coronary intervention centers. Patients were divided into medical therapy group (n=85) and zotarolimus-eluting stent group (ZES; Resolute) group (n=74). We evaluated the incidences of two-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Results A two-year clinical follow-up was completed in 143 patients and MACE occurred in 12 patients. There were no significant differences in the incidences of death (1.3% vs. 3.0%, p=0.471), target vessel-related non-fatal myocardial infarction (0.0% vs. 0.0%, p=1.000) and target vessel revascularizations (7.8% vs. 4.5%, p=0.425) between medical and ZES groups. Independent predictors of two-year MACE included acute myocardial infarction {odds ratio (OR)=2.87; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43-6.12, p=0.014}, diabetes mellitus (OR=2.46; 95% CI 1.24-5.56, p=0.028) and non-statin therapy (OR=2.32; 95% CI 1.18-5.24, p=0.034). Conclusion Medical therapy shows comparable results with ZES, and myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus and non-statin therapy were associated with the occurrence of two-year MACE in patients with intermediate lesion with IVUS MLA <4 mm2 with 50-70% of plaque burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joon Hong
- Division of Cardiology, Chonnam National University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yun Ha Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Chonnam National University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Soo Young Park
- Division of Cardiology, Chonnam National University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chang Wook Nam
- Division of Cardiology, Keimyung University College of Medicine, Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jang Hyun Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Saint Carollo Hospital, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Won Yu Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Gwangju Veterans Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sang Rok Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Chonbuk National University College of Medicine, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sung Yun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yeob Lim
- Division of Cardiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Yun
- Division of Cardiology, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jung Sun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woong Chol Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ki Seok Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Wha Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Soo Joong Kim
- Division of Cardiology, KyungHee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Division of Cardiology, Chonnam National University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Division of Cardiology, Chonnam National University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
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C-reactive protein prior to percutaneous coronary intervention: do we still need to check the lipid panel? CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2014; 15:129-30. [PMID: 24767312 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Barrios V, Escobar C, Zamorano JL. Searching the place of pitavastatin in the current treatment of patients with dyslipidemia. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 11:1597-612. [DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2013.844546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Comparison of pitavastatin with atorvastatin in increasing HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin in patients with dyslipidemia and coronary artery disease: The COMPACT-CAD study. J Cardiol 2013; 62:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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