1
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Su MSW, Cheng YL, Lin YS, Wu JJ. Interplay between group A Streptococcus and host innate immune responses. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0005222. [PMID: 38451081 PMCID: PMC10966951 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00052-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYGroup A Streptococcus (GAS), also known as Streptococcus pyogenes, is a clinically well-adapted human pathogen that harbors rich virulence determinants contributing to a broad spectrum of diseases. GAS is capable of invading epithelial, endothelial, and professional phagocytic cells while evading host innate immune responses, including phagocytosis, selective autophagy, light chain 3-associated phagocytosis, and inflammation. However, without a more complete understanding of the different ways invasive GAS infections develop, it is difficult to appreciate how GAS survives and multiplies in host cells that have interactive immune networks. This review article attempts to provide an overview of the behaviors and mechanisms that allow pathogenic GAS to invade cells, along with the strategies that host cells practice to constrain GAS infection. We highlight the counteractions taken by GAS to apply virulence factors such as streptolysin O, nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotidase, and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B as a hindrance to host innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Shu-Wei Su
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Cheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Jong Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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2
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Wang M, Fu Q. Nanomaterials for Disease Treatment by Modulating the Pyroptosis Pathway. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301266. [PMID: 37354133 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis differs significantly from apoptosis and cell necrosis as an alternative mode of programmed cell death. Its occurrence is mediated by the gasdermin protein, leading to characteristic outcomes including cell swelling, membrane perforation, and release of cell contents. Research underscores the role of pyroptosis in the etiology and progression of many diseases, making it a focus of research intervention as scientists explore ways to regulate pyroptosis pathways in disease management. Despite numerous reviews detailing the relationship between pyroptosis and disease mechanisms, few delve into recent advancements in nanomaterials as a mechanism for modulating the pyroptosis pathway to mitigate disease effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to fill this gap and elucidate the path for the use of this promising technology in the field of disease treatment. This review article delves into recent developments in nanomaterials for disease management through pyroptosis modulation, details the mechanisms by which drugs interact with pyroptosis pathways, and highlights the promise that nanomaterial research holds in driving forward disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, P. R. China
| | - Qinrui Fu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, P. R. China
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3
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Fattinger SA, Maurer L, Geiser P, Bernard EM, Enz U, Ganguillet S, Gül E, Kroon S, Demarco B, Mack V, Furter M, Barthel M, Pelczar P, Shao F, Broz P, Sellin ME, Hardt WD. Gasdermin D is the only Gasdermin that provides protection against acute Salmonella gut infection in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2315503120. [PMID: 37988464 PMCID: PMC10691232 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315503120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gasdermins (GSDMs) share a common functional domain structure and are best known for their capacity to form membrane pores. These pores are hallmarks of a specific form of cell death called pyroptosis and mediate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1β (IL1β) and interleukin 18 (IL18). Thereby, Gasdermins have been implicated in various immune responses against cancer and infectious diseases such as acute Salmonella Typhimurium (S.Tm) gut infection. However, to date, we lack a comprehensive functional assessment of the different Gasdermins (GSDMA-E) during S.Tm infection in vivo. Here, we used epithelium-specific ablation, bone marrow chimeras, and mouse lines lacking individual Gasdermins, combinations of Gasdermins or even all Gasdermins (GSDMA1-3C1-4DE) at once and performed littermate-controlled oral S.Tm infections in streptomycin-pretreated mice to investigate the impact of all murine Gasdermins. While GSDMA, C, and E appear dispensable, we show that GSDMD i) restricts S.Tm loads in the gut tissue and systemic organs, ii) controls gut inflammation kinetics, and iii) prevents epithelium disruption by 72 h of the infection. Full protection requires GSDMD expression by both bone-marrow-derived lamina propria cells and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). In vivo experiments as well as 3D-, 2D-, and chimeric enteroid infections further show that infected IEC extrusion proceeds also without GSDMD, but that GSDMD controls the permeabilization and morphology of the extruding IECs, affects extrusion kinetics, and promotes overall mucosal barrier capacity. As such, this work identifies a unique multipronged role of GSDMD among the Gasdermins for mucosal tissue defense against a common enteric pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A. Fattinger
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich8093, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala75123, Sweden
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Luca Maurer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich8093, Switzerland
| | - Petra Geiser
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala75123, Sweden
| | - Elliott M. Bernard
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges1066, Switzerland
| | - Ursina Enz
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich8093, Switzerland
| | - Suwannee Ganguillet
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich8093, Switzerland
| | - Ersin Gül
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich8093, Switzerland
| | - Sanne Kroon
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich8093, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Demarco
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges1066, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Mack
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges1066, Switzerland
| | - Markus Furter
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich8093, Switzerland
| | - Manja Barthel
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich8093, Switzerland
| | - Pawel Pelczar
- Center for Transgenic Models, University of Basel, Basel4002, Switzerland
| | - Feng Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing102206, China
| | - Petr Broz
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges1066, Switzerland
| | - Mikael E. Sellin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala75123, Sweden
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich8093, Switzerland
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4
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Zhao Y, Zhang J, Qiao D, Gao F, Jiang X, Zhao X, Hou L, Li H, Li L, Kong X. Functional roles of CcGSDMEa-like in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) after Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109103. [PMID: 37741476 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
GSDMs could punch holes in cell membrane and participate in the immune response to bacterial infections. In current study, the molecular and structural characteristics of CcGSDMEa-like were analyzed, and the role of CcGSDMEa-like in the inflammatory response against Aeromonas hydrophila was studied. The results showed that the CcGSDMEa-like shared the conserved structural characteristics with GSDMEs of other teleosts. The CcGSDMEa-like mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly affected by A. hydrophila challenge. When the CcGSDMEa-like was overexpressed, the expression of CcIL-1β were significantly increased in fish and EPC cells, and bacterial contents were significantly decreased in fish tissues. While, when the CcGSDMEa-like was knocked down, the expression and secretion of CcIL-1β were significantly decreased in vivo and in vitro, and the bacterial contents were increased in vivo after A. hydrophila infection 12 h and 24 h. In brief, CcGSDMEa-like could regulate the content of bacteria in fish through mediating the expression and secretion of CcIL-1β. Bactericidal assay and cytotoxicity assay showed that CcGSDMEa-like had no bactericidal activity to Escherichia coli, and did not disrupt cytomembrane integrity of HEK293T cells. This study suggested that CcGSDMEa-like could play roles in the antibacterial and inflammatory processes in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Zhao
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Dan Qiao
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Feng Gao
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Xianliang Zhao
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Libo Hou
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Xianghui Kong
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China.
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5
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Devant P, Kagan JC. Molecular mechanisms of gasdermin D pore-forming activity. Nat Immunol 2023:10.1038/s41590-023-01526-w. [PMID: 37277654 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01526-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The regulated disruption of the plasma membrane, which can promote cell death, cytokine secretion or both is central to organismal health. The protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a key player in this process. GSDMD forms membrane pores that can promote cytolysis and the release of interleukin-1 family cytokines into the extracellular space. Recent discoveries have revealed biochemical and cell biological mechanisms that control GSDMD pore-forming activity and its diverse downstream immunological effects. Here, we review these multifaceted regulatory activities, including mechanisms of GSDMD activation by proteolytic cleavage, dynamics of pore assembly, regulation of GSDMD activities by posttranslational modifications, membrane repair and the interplay of GSDMD and mitochondria. We also address recent insights into the evolution of the gasdermin family and their activities in species across the kingdoms of life. In doing so, we hope to condense recent progress and inform future studies in this rapidly moving field in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Devant
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan C Kagan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Greenwood CS, Wynosky-Dolfi MA, Beal AM, Booty LM. Gasdermins assemble; recent developments in bacteriology and pharmacology. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1173519. [PMID: 37266429 PMCID: PMC10230072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1173519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of gasdermin D (GSDMD) as the terminal executioner of pyroptosis provided a large piece of the cell death puzzle, whilst simultaneously and firmly putting the gasdermin family into the limelight. In its purest form, GSDMD provides a connection between the innate alarm systems to an explosive, inflammatory form of cell death to jolt the local environment into immunological action. However, the gasdermin field has moved rapidly and significantly since the original seminal work and novel functions and mechanisms have been recently uncovered, particularly in response to infection. Gasdermins regulate and are regulated by mechanisms such as autophagy, metabolism and NETosis in fighting pathogen and protecting host. Importantly, activators and interactors of the other gasdermins, not just GSDMD, have been recently elucidated and have opened new avenues for gasdermin-based discovery. Key to this is the development of potent and specific tool molecules, so far a challenge for the field. Here we will cover some of these recently discovered areas in relation to bacterial infection before providing an overview of the pharmacological landscape and the challenges associated with targeting gasdermins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine S. Greenwood
- Chemical Biology, GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
- Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Allison M. Beal
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lee M. Booty
- Immunology Network, GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
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7
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Salami A, Bettadapura S, Wang S. Gasdermin D kills bacteria. Microbiol Res 2023; 272:127383. [PMID: 37062105 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The recognition of pathogen- or damage- associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs) signals a series of coordinated responses as part of innate immunity or host cell defense during infection. The inflammasome is an assemblage of multiprotein complexes in the cytosol that activate inflammatory caspases and release pro-inflammatory mediators. This review examines the two-edged sword activity of gasdermin D (GSDMD). Since its discovery in 2015, GSDMD has played a crucial role in the programmed necrotic type of cell death called pyroptosis. Pyroptosis is an important response in host self-protection against danger signals and infection. Although excessive pyroptosis has a deleterious effect on the host, it proves to have a game-changing therapeutic application against pathogenic invasion when controlled. Here, we explore the mechanism utilized by GSDMD, the best studied member of the gasdermin protein family, in host immune defense against many bacteria. While the protein contributes to the clearance of some bacteria, we also discussed results from previous studies and research, that its presence might hinder effective immunity against other pathogens, thus aiding pathogenic invasion and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abosede Salami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States
| | - Sahana Bettadapura
- Biology Department, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, United States
| | - Shanzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States.
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8
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Su W, Xie Z, Bai X, Li Z, Liu X. The Absence of Gasdermin D Reduces Nuclear Autophagy in a Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy Mouse Model. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030478. [PMID: 36979288 PMCID: PMC10046561 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common complication of sepsis, which is a life-threatening condition resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection. Pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory mode of lytic cell death mediated by GSDMD (Gasdermin D), is involved in the pathogenesis of SAE. While autophagy has been extensively studied in SAE, the role of nuclear autophagy is not yet well understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the involvement of pyroptosis and neural nuclear autophagy in the pathogenesis of SAE. We analyzed a CLP (cecal ligation and puncture)-induced SAE model in wild-type and GSDMD−/− mice to gain insights into the underlying mechanisms. Here, we show that in sepsis, neural nuclear autophagy is extremely activated, and nuclear LaminB decreases and is accompanied by an increase in the ratio of LC3BII/I. These effects can be reversed in GSDMD−/− mice. The behavioral outcomes of septic wild-type mice are impaired by the evidence from the novel object recognition test (NORT) and open field test (OFT), but are improved in septic GSDMD−/− mice. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the activation of neural nuclear autophagy in SAE. The absence of GSDMD inhibits nuclear autophagy and improves the behavioral outcomes of SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Su
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhenxing Xie
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiangjun Bai
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhanfei Li
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (X.L.); Tel.: +86-139-8629-7138 (Z.L.); +86-180-7140-1480 (X.L.)
| | - Xinghua Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (X.L.); Tel.: +86-139-8629-7138 (Z.L.); +86-180-7140-1480 (X.L.)
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9
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Lang CH. IMPORTANCE OF THE INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN SKELETAL MUSCLE TO SEPSIS-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN PROTEIN BALANCE. Shock 2023; 59:214-223. [PMID: 36730901 PMCID: PMC9957944 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT There is growing appreciation that skeletal muscle is a fully functional component of the body's innate immune system with the potential to actively participate in the host response to invading bacteria as opposed to being a passive target. In this regard, skeletal muscle in general and myocytes specifically possess an afferent limb that recognizes a wide variety of host pathogens via their interaction with multiple classes of cell membrane-bound and intracellular receptors, including toll-like receptors, cytokine receptors, NOD-like receptors, and the NLRP inflammasome. The efferent limb of the innate immune system in muscle is equally robust and with an increased synthesis and secretion of a variety of myocyte-derived cytokines (i.e., myokines), including TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and NO as well as multiple chemokines in response to appropriate stimulation. Herein, the current narrative review focuses primarily on the immune response of myocytes per se as opposed to other cell types within whole muscle. Moreover, because there are important differences, this review focuses specifically on systemic infection and inflammation as opposed to the response of muscle to direct injury and various types of muscular dystrophies. To date, however, there are few definitive muscle-specific studies that are necessary to directly address the relative importance of muscle-derived immune activation as a contributor to either the systemic immune response or the local immune microenvironment within muscle during sepsis and the resultant downstream metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Lang
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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10
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Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is mediated by the membrane-targeting, pore-forming gasdermin family of proteins. Pyroptosis was initially described as a caspase 1- and inflammasome-dependent cell death pathway typified by the loss of membrane integrity and the secretion of cytokines such as IL-1β. However, gasdermins are now recognized as the principal effectors of this form of regulated cell death; activated gasdermins insert into cell membranes, where they form pores that result in the secretion of cytokines, alarmins and damage-associated molecular patterns and cause cell membrane rupture. It is now evident that gasdermins can be activated by inflammasome- and caspase-independent mechanisms in multiple cell types and that crosstalk occurs between pyroptosis and other cell death pathways. Although they are important for host antimicrobial defence, a growing body of evidence supports the notion that pyroptosis and gasdermins have pathological roles in cancer and several non-microbial diseases involving the gut, liver and skin. The well-documented roles of inflammasome activity and apoptosis pathways in kidney diseases suggests that gasdermins and pyroptosis may also be involved to some extent. However, despite some evidence for involvement of pyroptosis in the context of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, our understanding of gasdermin biology and pyroptosis in the kidney remains limited.
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11
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Angel JP, Daniels BP. Paradoxical roles for programmed cell death signaling during viral infection of the central nervous system. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 77:102629. [PMID: 36162201 PMCID: PMC10754211 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is an essential mechanism of antimicrobial defense. Recent work has revealed an unexpected diversity in the types of PCD elicited during infection, as well as defined unique roles for different PCD modalities in shaping the immune response. Here, we review recent work describing unique ways in which PCD signaling operates within the infected central nervous system (CNS). These studies reveal striking complexity in the regulation of PCD signaling by CNS cells, including both protective and pathological outcomes in the control of infection. Studies defining the specialized molecular mechanisms shaping PCD responses in the CNS promise to yield much needed new insights into the pathogenesis of neuroinvasive viral infection, informing future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Angel
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA. https://twitter.com/JuanP_Angell
| | - Brian P Daniels
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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12
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Xu G, Guo Z, Liu Y, Yang Y, Lin Y, Li C, Huang Y, Fu Q. Gasdermin D protects against Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection through macrophage pyroptosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1005925. [PMID: 36311722 PMCID: PMC9614658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1005925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus, SEZ) is an essential zoonotic bacterial pathogen that can cause various inflammation, such as meningitis, endocarditis, and pneumonia. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is involved in cytokine release and cell death, indicating an important role in controlling the microbial infection. This study investigated the protective role of GSDMD in mice infected with SEZ and examined the role of GSDMD in peritoneal macrophages in the infection. GSDMD-deficient mice were more susceptible to intraperitoneal infection with SEZ, and the white pulp structure of the spleen was seriously damaged in GSDMD-deficient mice. Although the increased proportion of macrophages did not depend on GSDMD in both spleen and peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF), deficiency of GSDMD caused the minor release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) during the infection in vivo. In vitro, SEZ infection induced more release of IL-1β, IL-18, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in wild-type macrophages than in GSDMD-deficient macrophages. Finally, we demonstrated that pore formation and pyroptosis of macrophages depended on GSDMD. Our findings highlight the host defense mechanisms of GSDMD against SEZ infection, providing a potential therapeutic target in SEZ infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Xu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yalin Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yongjin Lin
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Chunliu Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yunfei Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Foshan University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Foshan University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Fu,
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13
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Tupik JD, Markov Madanick JW, Ivester HM, Allen IC. Detecting DNA: An Overview of DNA Recognition by Inflammasomes and Protection against Bacterial Respiratory Infections. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101681. [PMID: 35626718 PMCID: PMC9139316 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system plays a key role in modulating host immune defense during bacterial disease. Upon sensing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), the multi-protein complex known as the inflammasome serves a protective role against bacteria burden through facilitating pathogen clearance and bacteria lysis. This can occur through two mechanisms: (1) the cleavage of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β/IL-18 and (2) the initiation of inflammatory cell death termed pyroptosis. In recent literature, AIM2-like Receptor (ALR) and Nod-like Receptor (NLR) inflammasome activation has been implicated in host protection following recognition of bacterial DNA. Here, we review current literature synthesizing mechanisms of DNA recognition by inflammasomes during bacterial respiratory disease. This process can occur through direct sensing of DNA or indirectly by sensing pathogen-associated intracellular changes. Additionally, DNA recognition may be assisted through inflammasome–inflammasome interactions, specifically non-canonical inflammasome activation of NLRP3, and crosstalk with the interferon-inducible DNA sensors Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) and Z-DNA Binding Protein-1 (ZBP1). Ultimately, bacterial DNA sensing by inflammasomes is highly protective during respiratory disease, emphasizing the importance of inflammasome involvement in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juselyn D. Tupik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.D.T.); (J.W.M.M.); (H.M.I.)
| | - Justin W. Markov Madanick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.D.T.); (J.W.M.M.); (H.M.I.)
| | - Hannah M. Ivester
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.D.T.); (J.W.M.M.); (H.M.I.)
| | - Irving C. Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.D.T.); (J.W.M.M.); (H.M.I.)
- Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-540-231-7551; Fax: +1-540-231-6033
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